RU2094630C1 - Jet piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of marine engines. SUBSTANCE: device is combination of engine-driven compressor and water-jet propeller in one unit. Engine-driven compressor has at least two working cylinders and two compressor cylinders. Gas and air exhaust from working and compressor cylinders is connected to jet propeller forming inner and outer loops. Unit is also provided with steam-gas generator utilizing heat of waste gases of engine-driven compressor for evaporation of fuel and water and tubular air receiver with two air flow swirlers inside it. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to piston and jet internal combustion engines, in particular to marine engines containing propulsion and propulsion parts, and can be used on small ships of the river and navy, as well as on large motor boats.

Known piston and jet internal combustion engines (see. "The course of thermal engines", Inozemtsev NV Oborongiz. Moscow, 1954)
Piston engines contain a housing (block) of cylinders on which a block of combustion chambers is mounted. A crankshaft is mounted on the bearings inside the housing, which is pivotally connected to the pistons with the help of fingers and connecting rods. When the fuel is burned, the pistons reciprocate, which is converted by the crankshaft into rotational motion. Pistons transmit energy through the crankshaft to the consumer.

 Jet or gas turbine engines contain a compressor, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine and a jet nozzle. The compressor consists of a rotor and a stator. The stator has two bearings on which the shaft rotates. Disks with working blades are mounted on the shaft.

The stator has straightening vanes. When the disks rotate, the working and straightening blades suck in air, compress it to 6 10 kg / cm ² and feed it into the combustion chamber. The chamber has nozzles that supply fuel to the chamber cavity in atomized form. When fuel is burned, gas enters the turbine, which drives the compressor. The remaining energy after the turbine is triggered in the jet nozzle, turning into jet thrust.

 Known ship installations that contain a piston engine and a jet propulsion, and also known outboard motors containing a piston engine, stern tube, gearbox and propeller (see the book "Ship Engines", Rzhepetskiy K. L. Leningrad, Shipbuilding 1984. " Outboard outboard motors ", Agatov MK DOSAAF, Moscow, 1953). Marine engines are the same piston engines, but in a layout with water-jet propulsion or with a propeller.

 The disadvantage of piston engines is low power and large specific gravity, but economical in fuel consumption. Therefore, they are operated on all types of transport, as well as on agricultural machinery.

 The disadvantage of jet engines is a very high fuel consumption, but they have high power and low specific weight. Therefore, they are operated only in aviation and on naval vessels.

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed technical solution is a ship installation with an air jet propulsion device according to the book of K. L. Rzhepetskiy, FIG. 1.70.

The installation has an internal combustion engine (piston), an air compressor, a centrifugal pump and a water supply pipe. The water supply pipe 1 is the main path and laid along the entire length of the vessel. A centrifugal pump 2 is installed on the front of the pipe, and a jet nozzle 3 is fixed on the rear of the pipe ^{. A} pipe 4 for supplying compressed air is connected to the pipe 1 at an angle of 90 ^° . A compressor 5 is installed on the front of the pipe 4.

Air jet propulsion operates on the principle of a jet propulsion. A piston engine 6, by means of a flat-belt transmission, simultaneously drives a compressor 5 and a centrifugal pump 2. The flow of water moves through the pipe 1, and through the pipe 4 a stream of compressed air and at an angle of 90 ^o enters the stream of water. Compressed air expands and accelerates the flow of water to high speed. Water is discharged through the jet nozzle. The energy of the water flow velocity is converted into jet thrust, which pushes the ship forward.

 The prototype has an advantage over the propeller and the jet propulsion. The propeller provides a water flow rate of not more than 30 m / s, then cavitation occurs. With an increase in the speed of the vessel, jet thrust decreases by half and the propeller efficiency decreases sharply.

 In the presence of compressed air, the velocity of the ejected water through the nozzles is significantly increased and such a propulsion device will have a flow rate of 40 to 50 m / s. Therefore, it can be used on high-speed vessels.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:
1. Installation, except for the engine, must have an air compressor and a centrifugal pump.

 2. If there is a long pipe, there will be large water losses.

3. Air enters the water stream at an angle of 90 ^o , therefore, the jet thrust will be intermittent.

 4. Lowered efficiency due to lateral air supply and high-speed hydraulic losses in a long pipe.

 The disadvantage of marine engines or ship installations is that they contain hydro-propulsion engines that have a low efficiency of 40-50%. As a result, the net power will transmit to the vessel only half of the engine power, and the second half of the power is wasted on the propeller blades or on the workers mover wheels.

The aim of the invention is:
1. Obtaining a large flow of compressed air.

 2. Increasing engine power and efficiency.

 3. Reduced fuel consumption.

 4. Increase in engine thrust.

5. Operation of the engine on gaseous fuel, as well as on cheap grades of liquid fuel;
6. The operation of the engine is environmentally friendly.

The goal is achieved:
1. Using a motor compressor that provides a jet propulsion with a large flow of compressed air;
2. Using a gas-vapor generator, which increases power and reduces fuel consumption by utilizing the exhaust gases of a motor compressor and converts liquid fuel into gaseous;
3. Using a dual-circuit jet propulsion device that converts the energy of steam and compressed air into jet propulsion with minimal water loss;
4. Using a motocompressor together with a gas-vapor generator, which provide complete combustion of gaseous fuel in the presence of excess oxygen by filling the working cylinders of the motocompressor with compressed air.

 In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a jet piston engine; in FIG. 2 longitudinal section of a motor compressor, section AA; in FIG. 3 - cross section of the working cylinders, section BB; in FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section of the inlet pipe, section BB; in FIG. 5 same, section GG.

 A jet piston engine comprises a housing 1 on which a motor compressor II and a jet propulsion device III are mounted. Inside the housing, an air receiver IV, a centrifugal pump V and a gas-vapor generator VI are installed (see Fig. 1).

 The motor compressor contains a housing 1, on which two working cylinders 2 and two compressor cylinders 3 are fixed. Pistons 4, 5 are installed inside the cylinders, which are mounted on the rods 6. A crank 7 is mounted inside the housing, which is pivotally connected to the rods 6 using rods 8 and forks 9. The forks are firmly seated on the rods.

 A flywheel 10 with a gear rim 11 is mounted on the crank shaft. A magneto 12 is installed on the housing, under the flywheel (see Fig. 1; 2). The gas nozzles 13 and the exhaust pipe 14 are fixed on the working cylinders. Two inlet pipes 15 and one exhaust (air) pipe 16 are fixed on the compressor cylinders (see Fig. 1). Lamellar (slotted) valves 17 are installed inside the pistons. Inside the cylinders 3, the same valves are installed 18. On the body of the nozzle 15, the bosses a are made, in the holes of which the axis 19 with the lever 20 is installed. The shutter 21 is mounted on the axis. The levers are connected to the tiller (engine control handle). Inside the pipe 15 mounted plate valves 22 (see figure 4).

 Brackets 23 are molded integrally with its body at the nozzle 16, in the openings of which a roller 24 is mounted. Two cams 25 and a bevel gear connected to the tiller are mounted on the roller (see Fig. 1). (The engine kinematics system is not shown in the diagrams).

Inside the nozzle, against each cylinder 3, plate valves 26 are mounted, mounted on rods 27, which are constantly in contact with the cams 25. Pressure valves 26 determine the compressors operating pressure of 3.5 kg / cm ² (see figure 1).

The mover comprises a housing 28 on which the jet nozzle 29 is fixed. At the same time, a knee-shaped nozzle b and an intake 30 are made integrally with the housing; nozzle welded nozzle apparatus 35, evenly distributing steam and gas around the circumference with the help of blades mounted at an angle of 25 ^o to the axis of the circuit (see figure 1).

 On the intake 30, bosses are cast, in the openings of which there are axes connecting the shutter 31 to the roller 36. A lever 37 is mounted on the roller with a cable 38, which is connected to the tiller.

 The housing 28 has three channels: a channel for supplying steam and gas, a channel G for supplying the pump, communicating with the cavity of the intake 30, channel D for supplying water to the mixer 32.

The receiver is made in the form of an expanding pipe, inside of which two swirlers 39 are installed. The swirlers have blades E mounted at an angle of 25 ^o to the axis. The receiver is made by a welded assembly (see Fig. 1).

 The centrifugal pump comprises a housing 40, molded integrally with the motor housing 1. A housing 41 of the rotor 42 is installed in the housing 40. The rotor (impeller) is mounted on the shaft 43. A sleeve 44 is pressed into the housing 41, in the holes of which the shaft rotates. The shaft is connected to the spring 45. At the same time, the diffuser W is molded integrally with the housing, which supplies water to the mixer 32. A pipe 46 for supplying water to the hydraulic pump 81 is installed on the diffuser (see Fig. 1; 2).

 The generator is made in the form of a balloon of a collapsible design. A heat exchanger 47 is installed inside the cylinder, to which the fuel nozzle 48 and swirl 49 are connected by welding. Using the adapter 50, the heat exchanger is connected to the exhaust pipe 14. 12 holes are made for atomizing fuel on the nozzle. A nozzle 51 for supplying water is installed on the heat exchanger (bottom). The nozzle is made in the form of a plate on which 12 holes are drilled. A pipe 52 and a nozzle 53 are connected to the nozzle, which controls the flow of water. A gas exhaust pipe 54 is connected to the cylinder. To the nozzle 48 is connected to the pipe 55 for supplying liquid fuel.

 On the engine casing (left) there is a hatch that is closed by a cover 56. During maintenance work, the hatch serves to remove the generator without disassembling the engine (see Fig. 1).

The principle of the jet piston engine
The motor compressor operates on the principle of a two-stroke engine, but with supercharged working cylinders with compressed air. The start is made by the electric starter 58. The rotation of the crank 7 is transmitted through the gear ring 11 and the flywheel 10. The movement of the pistons is transmitted through the connecting rods 8, forks 9, rods 6 (see Fig. 1; 2).

When the piston group (rod and two pistons) moves in the direction of arrow 1 (see Fig. 2), absorption is performed in cylinder 59. Through the valve 22 of the pipe 15, the air enters the cavity I. To remove the load from the el. the starter, the shutter 21 is ajar at an angle of 30 ^o , the cavity is not completely filled with air (see Fig. 4; 2).

 When starting the valve 26 is open in both compressor cylinders, and the intake 30 is blocked by a shutter 31 (see Fig. 1). Air is not compressed in the cavities K, L, since the valves 26 are lowered down with the help of cams 25 and rods 27. The load from the starter is completely removed. The starter power is consumed only for purging, filling and compressing the working cylinders (see Fig. 1).

When the piston group (second) moves in the direction of arrow P, air is compressed in the cavity M of the cylinder 3 and in the cavity H of the cylinder 60 (see Fig. 2). Air opens the valve 61 of the piston 5 and fills its cavity. Then, air flows through the rod 6 into the piston cavity 4 of the cylinder 2. The air opens the valve 17, filling the cavity P and the purge channels P of the cylinder 2. The inlet opening C, the channel windows P and the nozzle 14 are not yet blocked by the piston 4 (see Fig. 1) . Is purging and filling the cavity T with air with a pressure of 0.8 to 0.9 kg / cm ² . Using the mechanism 57 on the nozzle 13, the valve opens and gas with a pressure of 4 kg / cm ² enters through the hole C into the cavity T. Then the windows of the channels P and the pipe 14 are closed by the piston 4 and compression is performed (see Fig. 2).

 At the end of the stroke of the piston 4, a spark is supplied to the candle Ф, the working mixture is ignited and the working stroke of the piston 4 occurs. Both piston groups move in the opposite direction and the cycles of the motor compressor are repeated again. Disable email. starter.

When the tiller rotates, the shutters 21 on the nozzle 15 are fully opened, the air flow in the cavities And increases; M and pressure in the cavities T; Y rises to 1.5 kg / cm ² (see Fig. 2). At the same time, throttle valve 62 increases the flow of gas (fuel) in these cavities. Due to the boost of the working cylinders and the complete combustion of gas, the power increases and the motor compressor reaches the nominal mode of 3000 rpm (see Fig. 2).

Through the valve 18 is filled cavities K; L air. Using the cams 25, the valves 26 are automatically closed and compression is performed in these cavities (see Fig. 1). Air with a pressure of 3.5 kg / cm ² enters the pipe 16, then into the receiver IV. Most of the power is used to compress air in the cavities K; L. The main force from the working piston is transmitted to the compressor through the rod, directly, with minimal friction losses in the bushings. As a result, the mechanical efficiency is increased.

 The fuel engine power system (see Fig. 2; 3) contains two nozzles 13, a synchronization mechanism 57, a throttle valve 62, a reducer 63, a gas generator 64, a fuel tank 65, a start cylinder 66, a pump 67, a regulator 68, two shut-off valves 69 ; 70 and pipes for supplying liquid fuel and gas.

 At the initial start of the motor-compressor, gas from the cylinder 66, through the valve 69, through the pipes 71, 72, 73 enters the gearbox 63 and the throttle valve 62 (see Fig. 3). The shut-off valve 70 is closed. Gas through the pipe 74 continues to flow to the regulator 68. From the throttle valve 62 gas through the pipes 75; 76 enters the nozzles 13 (see Fig. 3). Liquid fuel from the tank 65 enters through a pipe 77 to a pump 67 and a regulator 68 (see. Fig. 2; 3). From the regulator, the fuel through the pipe 78 enters the gas generator 64, where the liquid fuel is converted into gas. With constant starts, open the valve 70 and gas from the generator flows through the pipes 72; 73 to the gearbox, throttle valve and nozzles (see Fig. 3).

 The nozzles and piston groups operate synchronously using the mechanism 57. The cam shaft of the mechanism is connected to the crank shaft 7 (see Fig. 1).

When the motor compressor is operating, the oil from the mechanism 57, through the tubes 79, 80 enters the nozzles 13. There are valves inside the nozzles that open under the pressure of the oil. When the valve opens, the gas from the nozzle enters through the hole C into the cylinder cavity (see Fig. 3). With multiple starts, gas is used from the launch cylinder. When the engine is running, it is recharged with gas from a generator with a pressure of 12 kg / cm ² through the nozzle 82 and the tube 71.

The gas-vapor generator uses heat (1063 ^o C) to produce steam and gas (see Fig. 1). The exhaust gases come from the motor compressor through the adapter 50 to the heat exchanger 47. A swirler 49 is installed along the path of movement, which sharply reduces speed due to rotational motion (see Fig. 1).

 After cooling the working cylinders, water enters the heat exchanger in the form of droplets, which, in contact with the heated gas, quickly turn into steam. 12 thin jets move towards the gas flow. With this movement, interlayer friction of water and gas occurs. Gas directly transfers its heat to jets, which instantly turn into steam. Such a heat transfer process will be most effective. As a result, the length of the heat exchanger is reduced, and the dimensions of the steam generator are reduced.

From the hydraulic pump 81, water at a pressure of 12 kg / cm ² flows through the pipe 52, through the nozzle 53 to the nozzle 51. The water flow rate is determined by the capacity of the pump and the adjustment of the screw of the nozzle 53 (see Fig. 1). The hydraulic pump 81 is installed on the working cylinder 60 (see Fig. 2). When compression is performed in the cavity H of the cylinder 60, the plunger of the pump pumps water. Water enters the hydraulic pump through a tube 46 from the diffuser W (see Fig. 1).

The gas generator consists of a cylinder, heat exchanger 47 and nozzle 48 (see Fig. 1). Liquid fuel enters through the tube 55 into the cavity of the nozzle 48. The fuel is crushed into small droplets under a pressure of 12 kg / cm ² , which, in contact with the heated wall of the heat exchanger, turn into steam and then into gas. After using heat to produce steam, the exhaust gases still retain heat (430 ^o C). Therefore, heat is transferred simultaneously and through the wall of the heat exchanger and turns water into steam (see Fig. 1).

 From the cylinder through the tube 54, gas enters the nozzles of the motor compressor (see fuel supply system, Fig. 3). The pressure in the cylinder is constantly maintained by regulator 68. When the gas pressure in the regulator decreases, the valve opens the hole and the pump delivers fuel to the nozzle 48 (see Fig. 1; 3).

 Combined-cycle generator will allow working on cheap grades of fuel (kerosene, diesel fuel, etc.). The generator uses the heat of the exhaust gases that are emitted aimlessly into the atmosphere.

 Using heat, the engine will receive an additional 40 liters. forces without the expense of liquid fuel. As a result, the engine will be economical and powerful 100 liters. forces.

The jet propulsion and centrifugal pump operate in combination (see Fig. 1). The rotor 42 receives rotation from the crank 7 through the spring 45 and the shaft 43. Water through the channel G enters the rotor. When the blades rotate, they capture water and at a high speed throw it into the cavity of the diffuser W, where the speed decreases and the pressure rises. Water enters the channel D from the diffuser. Under pressure of 2.5 kg / cm ^2, water is discharged at a speed of 14 m / s through the holes (48 holes) of the mixer 32 in the form of drops (see Fig. 1).

Compressed air from the pipe 16 enters the receiver. In the way of flow, there are swirlers 39, which drastically reduce speed and provide rotational movement to the flow. After cooling the compressor cylinders, water in the form of droplets enters the receiver from the nozzle 16. In the presence of rotational movement, the droplets mix with air, quickly absorb heat (120 ^o C), turning into steam (see Fig. 1).

Steam and air enter nozzle b, where the flow rate increases sharply and the pressure decreases from 3.5 to 2.2 kg / cm ² . Air and steam capture droplets and disperse them to a speed of 32 m / s. Due to the narrowing of the channel of the nozzle 34, the flow rate increases. As a result of this, a jet thrust of 130 kg occurs in the internal circuit (see Fig. 1).

From the heat exchanger 47 steam and gas with a pressure of 2.5 kg / cm ² enter channel B. If there is a nozzle apparatus 35, the flow of gas and steam is evenly distributed around the channel circumference and its speed increases slightly. Air, steam, gas and water (12 l / s) enter the nozzle cavity 29. In the presence of rotational motion, they are mixed. Due to pressure and narrowing of the nozzle channel, the flow velocity rises to 72 m / s.

 In the presence of a heavy mass of water and high speed, a jet thrust of 216 kg occurs at the nozzle exit.

 Using the energy of gas, steam and air, utilizing the heat of the exhaust gases of a motor compressor, the power, reactive thrust and engine efficiency increase significantly, and the specific fuel consumption drops sharply 0.145 kg / l. force - 0.67 kg / kg traction.

Claims (4)

 1. A jet piston engine containing a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a hydro-jet engine driven from it, characterized in that the internal combustion engine is made in the form of a motor compressor having at least two working and two compressor cylinders arranged parallel to each other, with the release gas and air from the working and compressor cylinders is connected to a jet propulsion.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a gas-vapor generator using heat from the exhaust gases of a motor compressor to evaporate fuel and water.  3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an air receiver made in the form of a pipe in which two swirls of air flow are placed.  4. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the jet engine contains internal and external circuits.

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