RU209426U1 - TRANSMISSION - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in car gearboxes. The gearbox contains a clutch housing 5, which has a window 7 on its wall extending into the cavity of the clutch housing. The oil pump provides forced pumping of oil through the channels of the gearbox lubrication system. The outlet hole of the oil pump discharge cavity and the oil inlet hole into the channels of the gearbox lubrication system go into the cavity of the clutch housing. The gearbox additionally contains a liquid-oil heat exchanger 15 integrated into the gearbox lubrication system and an adapter 14 having a flange with a mating surface on which it is installed outside the clutch housing with window overlap. The adapter 14 has a seat located on the opposite side of the mounting surface, in which a liquid-oil heat exchanger is installed, the first channel 22 is for supplying oil to the heat exchanger and the second channel 29 is for removing oil from the heat exchanger. The inlet of the first and outlet of the second channel are located within the area of the mating surface that overlaps the window 7 and are connected to the pipeline 31 for removing oil from the outlet of the discharge cavity of the oil pump and the pipeline 32 for supplying oil to the inlet to the channels of the lubrication system, located in the cavity of the clutch housing, respectively. 1 w.p. f-ly, 7 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in vehicle gearboxes.

In modern highly loaded gearboxes, to ensure the supply of oil to bearing assemblies and friction assemblies, a lubrication system is provided with forced (using an oil pump) pumping of transmission oil through channels specially made in it.

Gearboxes are known from the prior art, containing a housing that includes an area in which the gears rotate, a lubrication system with a heat exchanger built into it, which absorbs the heat generated in the gearbox and transferred to the gearbox lubricant, and transfers it to the coolant to remove heat from the gearbox (patent DE 10315684 A1; patent RU 2421643 C2). A recess is provided in the gearbox housing, outside the region in which the gears rotate, through which the gearbox lubricant passes and in which the heat exchanger is located.

However, the disadvantage of such a constructive solution is the need to manufacture special body parts with cavities for installing a heat exchanger, and, as a rule, special (original) heat exchangers.

This approach significantly limits or completely excludes the possibility of using (adaptation) of mass-produced gearboxes, leads to significant costs, and with sufficiently limited batches of products, it becomes generally economically unfeasible.

Known gearbox (nine or five speed) with a forced lubrication system used in power units with an internal combustion engine having a liquid cooling system -65853 AND THEIR PACKAGES Supplement to the operating manual 7511.3902150-01 RE "Power units YaMZ-7511.10, YaMZ-7512.10, YaMZ-7513.10, YaMZ-7601.10" Yaroslavl 2016, pp. 174-180). Such a gearbox can be taken as a prototype. The gearbox (Fig. 1, 2) contains

gearbox housing with a front (i.e., clutch side) end cover, in which the primary, secondary and intermediate shafts with gears are installed;

an oil bath formed in the gearbox housing and filled with oil to a certain level,

oil pump, which is used for forced pumping of oil in the gearbox lubrication system,

clutch housing mounted in front of the gearbox housing (end cover side);

The oil pump is located on the outer side (outside) of the gearbox housing at its front end, and the oil outlet from the oil pump discharge cavity extends into the internal space (cavity) bounded by the clutch housing.

The oil pump is made of a gear type with external gearing and is installed below the input shaft of the gearbox, where it is driven from the intermediate shaft of the gearbox.

The end cover has a channel for supplying oil to an extensive network of oil channels of the gearbox lubrication system, the inlet of which opens into the internal space (cavity) limited by the clutch housing.

The oil pipeline (in the form of a tube) connects the oil outlet from the oil pump discharge cavity to the hole in the end cover for supplying oil to the extensive network of oil channels of the gearbox lubrication system.

There are two technological windows at the top and bottom of the clutch housing. They are intended to provide the operator with the ability and/or convenience to carry out the maintenance required during the manufacture of the gearbox, as well as facilitate the design. During operation, the windows are closed with covers.

The free end of the input shaft of the gearbox goes into the cavity of the clutch housing.

The operation of such a lubrication system is as follows. When the gearbox shafts rotate, part of the oil is sprayed by gears inside the gearbox housing and, through the resulting oil mist, irrigates the gears and other components. Part of the oil is sucked in from the oil bath of the gearbox housing by an oil pump and enters the oil channel system through the oil pipeline under pressure, through which it is delivered to bearing assemblies and other friction assemblies. In the process of lubricating gears, bearing assemblies and other elements, the heat generated during operation is removed from them, which is then naturally dissipated through the crankcase walls into the external space.

However, in vehicles operating in conditions particularly conducive to overheating of the oil, the natural cooling of the gearbox becomes insufficient and the gearbox overheats. Such a phenomenon is observed, for example, in hot climates, as well as in vehicles, the design features of which limit the natural airflow of the gearbox, when the gearbox is covered with casings to reduce noise, or in special-purpose vehicles, when the gearbox is located inside a solid housing ( special amphibious vehicles, etc.).

To avoid overheating of the gearbox in such cases, additional heat removal is required, for which appropriate cooling devices - heat exchangers are used. In particular, these are liquid-oil heat exchangers (“oil-water”), which can be built into the cooling circuit of a vehicle engine.

The problem to be solved by the utility model was to create a compact gearbox (used as part of a power unit based on a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine) capable of providing a sufficient reduction in heat load when it operates under conditions leading to oil overheating.

This problem is solved by integrating a heat exchanger into the gearbox lubrication system and the engine cooling system to cool the oil in the gearbox and ensure that the heat exchanger is fixed to the gearbox without the manufacture of special crankcase parts.

In this case, the gearbox contains

clutch housing mounted from the front end of the gearbox, on the wall of which there is a window opening into the cavity of the clutch housing,

an oil pump that provides forced pumping of oil through the gearbox lubrication system,

moreover, the outlet hole of the oil pump discharge cavity and the oil inlet hole into the channels of the gearbox lubrication system open into the cavity of the clutch housing.

According to the utility model, the gearbox is characterized in that it additionally contains

built-in (integrated) in the lubrication system of the gearbox liquid-oil heat exchanger,

an adapter having a mounting flange with a mounting (material) surface, by means of which it is installed outside the clutch housing with window overlap.

The adapter has

seat (socket) for the heat exchanger, located on the opposite side (opposite) of the mounting surface on which the heat exchanger is installed,

the first channel - for supplying oil to the heat exchanger

the second channel is for removing oil from the heat exchanger,

moreover, the input of the first and the output of the second channel are located in the area (zone) of the mounting surface overlapping the window.

In the cavity of the clutch housing are additionally placed (carried out):

oil drain pipe from the outlet of the oil pump discharge cavity

and a pipeline for supplying oil to the inlet to the channels of the lubrication system.

At the same time, the inlet of the first channel is connected to the pipeline for removing oil from the outlet of the injection cavity of the oil pump, and the outlet of the second channel is connected to the pipeline for supplying oil to the inlet to the channels of the lubrication system.

An oil filter can be additionally installed on the heat exchanger.

Brief description of the drawings

The figures show:

fig. 1 known from the prior art gearbox in section;

fig. 2 view A of the gearbox in FIG. one;

fig. 3 view of the adapter from the side of the socket for the heat exchanger according to the utility model;

fig. 4 is a section of the adapter along the B-B plane in FIG. 3;

fig. 5 is a partial sectional view of a transmission with adapter, heat exchanger and filter installed according to the utility model;

fig. 6 is a view B of the gearbox in FIG. five;

fig. 7 is a partial view D in FIG. five.

Description of construction and operation.

The gearbox (Fig. 3) contains a crankcase 1 in which shafts are installed: primary 2, secondary 3 and intermediate 4.

Clutch housing 5 is installed on the side of the front end of gearbox housing 1.

Above and below the clutch housing 5 there are two windows 6 (upper) and 7 (lower), intended mainly for technological maintenance during the manufacture of the gearbox.

The free end of the input shaft 2 of the gearbox goes into the inner space (cavity) of the clutch housing 8.

In the gearbox housing there is an oil bath 9 filled with oil up to a certain level.

The gear type oil pump 10 is used for forced pumping of oil in the gearbox lubrication system.

The oil pump 10 is located on the outside (outside) of the gearbox housing 1, and its drive is carried out from the intermediate shaft 4.

Hole 11 for the release of oil from the discharge cavity of the oil pump goes into the cavity of the clutch housing 8.

Also, a hole 12 opens into the cavity of the clutch housing 8 for oil inlet into the extensive network of oil channels 13 of the gearbox lubrication system.

The adapter 14 (Fig. 4) serves as a bracket for mounting the heat exchanger 15 on the clutch housing of the gearbox 5, and also provides communication between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger oil with the gearbox lubrication system through oil channels made in it.

As a heat exchanger, a compact and fairly efficient plate-type liquid-oil heat exchanger is preferably used (see, for example, US patents - US 5179999, US 5203832), used in liquid cooling systems for cars and characterized by a design with a central hole in the housing, specially adapted for its convenient installation directly on the engine block. For example, this constructive type is a liquid-oil heat exchanger manufactured by Zavet LLC, the Republic of Belarus.

Moreover, a heat exchanger of this type can simultaneously provide for the possibility of installing an oil filter on it. Such a design is shown in Fig. 5, 6, 7, where the oil filter is mounted on the heat exchanger 15 on the opposite side of the adapter 14.

The adapter 14 includes a housing 16 having a mounting flange 17 with mounting holes 18 through which it is fixed to the wall of the clutch housing from the outside. When adapter 14 is installed on the clutch housing 5, the mating surface of the flange 19 closes the lower window 7 with the area 20 facing the cavity of the clutch housing 8.

The adapter body 16 has a seat (socket) 21 for installing the heat exchanger 15, located on the adapter body from the side opposite to the mating surface 19, so that the installed heat exchanger 15 is located outside the clutch housing 5.

The adapter body 16 has a through channel 22 through which hot oil is supplied to the socket 21 and then enters the oil inlet of the heat exchanger 15. The inlet 23 of the oil channel 22 is located within area 20, and the outlet is on the bottom of the socket 21.

In the body of the adapter 16 in the center of the socket 21 there is a threaded hole 24 for the fitting 25.

An external thread is made from one end of the fitting 25, with which the fitting is screwed into the threaded hole of the adapter body 24. The heat exchanger 15 is put on the free threaded end of the fitting 26 and fixed in the socket 21 with a nut 27.

Also, the fitting 25 provides for the removal of cooled and purified oil from the oil filter 28 (or directly from the heat exchanger 15, depending on the design) through the axial channel 29 made in it, the outlet 30 of which is located within the region 20.

In the cavity of the clutch housing 8, an oil drain pipe 31 from the hole 11 and an oil supply pipe 32 to the hole 12 are installed, through which the adapter 14 is integrated into the standard gearbox lubrication system.

The tips on one side of the tubes 31 and 32 are connected, respectively, with internally threaded channels 22 and 29, and on the other side with holes 11 and 12.

Thus, with the help of channels 22, 29 of the adapter 14 and oil lines (tubes) 31 and 32, the heat exchanger 15 is integrated into the oil circuit of the standard gearbox lubrication system.

The installation of the oil filter 28 (together with the heat exchanger 15) and its fastening is carried out by screwing onto the threaded end of the fitting 26.

When aggregating the gearbox with the engine (as part of the power unit), the heat exchanger 15 is embedded in the coolant circulation circuit of the standard engine cooling system by means of two nozzles 33, one of which serves to supply coolant to the heat exchanger, and the second to drain coolant from it .

The operation of the gearbox lubrication system is as follows.

The heated oil is sucked from the oil bath 9 of the gearbox housing by the oil pump 10 and is fed through the oil pipeline 31 through the adapter channel 22 into the cavity of the socket 21 and then to the inlet of the heat exchanger 15. At the same time, coolant from the engine cooling system flows through one of the pipes 33 into the heat exchanger 15. In the heat exchanger, excess heat is transferred from the oil to the coolant, after which the cooled oil from the heat exchanger enters the oil filter 28 for cleaning. After passing through the filter, the purified cooled oil is supplied through the internal channel of the fitting 25 to the oil pipeline 32 fixed at its end, through which it is supplied to the hole 12 and then enters the system of oil channels 13 of the gearbox for lubrication and cooling of bearing assemblies and friction assemblies.

List of positions indicated in the figures:

Claims (2)

1. A gearbox containing a clutch housing, on the wall of which there is a window opening into the cavity of the clutch housing, an oil pump that provides forced pumping of oil through the channels of the lubrication system of the gearbox, moreover, the outlet of the injection cavity of the oil pump and the inlet of the oil into the channels of the lubrication system of the box gears enter the cavity of the clutch housing, characterized in that it additionally contains a liquid-oil heat exchanger integrated into the lubrication system of the gearbox and an adapter having a flange with a mating surface on which it is installed outside the clutch housing with window overlap, and containing a seat located on the opposite side of the mounting surface, in which a liquid-oil heat exchanger is installed, the first channel is for supplying oil to the heat exchanger, the second channel is for removing oil from the heat exchanger, and the inlet of the first and outlet of the second channel are located within the region overlapping the window bar surface and are connected to the oil outlet pipeline from the outlet of the oil pump discharge cavity and the oil supply pipeline to the inlet to the lubrication system channels, respectively, located in the clutch housing cavity. 2. Gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that an oil filter integrated into the gearbox lubrication system is installed on the liquid-oil heat exchanger.

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