RU2093549C1 - Cleansing agent for household items - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of cleansing agents for household items. SUBSTANCE: cleansing agent comprises, mas.%: calcined and/or calcined soda, 10-20; soap and/or detergent, 10-20; fractionated or unfractionated calcined or uncalcined alumina-silicious ash of brown or hard coal, up to 100. Said ash represents waste of heat and electric power plants after grinding coal and their combustion. EFFECT: improved quality of desired product. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the production of consumer goods. The product is intended for the manual washing of kitchen equipment and utensils, for removing heavy soiling and preventive care for the toilet, sinks and bathtubs, and to a greater extent (in the simplest formulations) for removing rust and washing aluminum dishes.

 Known multifunctional cleaners with complex effects based on various salts and their mixtures, organic carboxylic acids and sealants with complex alkyl chains (patents: N 1424047 from 04/02/1976, Great Britain, N 1493012 from 11/29/1977, Great Britain, N 4891150 from 2.01.1990 . USA).

The overwhelming distribution in our country have received abrasive cleaners. The greatest inventive activity is observed in the liquid group. The basis of most products is the composition "soda ash abrasive - sodium tripolyphosphate (TPF)", which refers to surface-active substances (surfactants), including and laundry soap. Alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), kieselguhr, electric smelting slag are currently used as abrasives (Prospects for the development of scientific research and the production of cleaning, bleaching, sizing, stain-removing products and deodorants. Abstracts / June 13-14, 1989. Perm: printing house PVVKIU, 1989, 96 pp.), Mechanically activated pulverized quartz (copyright certificate N 1567617 AI dated 05/30/1990 USSR), i.e. natural silica (SiO ₂ ) in a specially ground form.

It is known that saponification of fats by potash contained in ash liquor based on vegetable ash: wood, sunflower, shrubs, wild herbs (A. Lebedev, Household soap substitutes. Issue x. Substitutes from fat waste based on ash liquors. Moscow, Leningrad, All-Union Coop . United Publishing House, 1944 10 pp.), for laundry soap, including clay filler, i.e. alumina-siliceous material, about 17.5% Al ₂ O ₃ and 68.1% SiO ₂ / Basisty V.P. Brown-podzolic soils of the Khabarovsk Territory, their structure and properties. In the collection "Soil and agrochemical research in the Far East", Issue 1, SB RAS, Far Eastern Branch V.L. Komarova, Soil Biologist. Institute, All-Union Society of Soil Scientists, Vladivostok, Magadan Region Printing House, 1970, pp. 17-20 /.

 Close to the implementation in general terms of the proposed invention, the tool "Pumice soap", including laundry soap / surfactant /, ground pumice, disinfectants and some useful additives / Goryainova TS Means for cleaning household items, Moscow, "Economics", 1968, 32 pp. /.

 A common drawback of most of the listed cleaning products is the need for a complex, expensive and environmentally intensive technological production of household chemical components. Turning to abrasive products, it should be noted the need for complex components of extraction and processing of raw materials, including in the form of grinding, which requires energy costs and special mills.

 The task of the invention is to reduce and reduce the overall environmental stresses in the production of cleaning products, the use of secondary resources.

 The problem is solved in that the ash-based composition containing surfactants and other additives contains fractionated or unfractionated, calcined or non-calcined, alumina-siliceous ash of brown or hard coal from the waste of thermal power plants after grinding coal, burning it as ash and hydraulic transport of ash to the ash dump or without it, as additives, the product contains soda ash and / or caustic soda and as a surfactant it contains soap and / or oral powder in the following ratio of components, wt.

Soda ash and / or caustic soda 10-20
Soap and / or washing powder 10-20
Ash to 100
Ash of lignite and coal is already a derivative of grinding and firing at thermal power plants, their secondary waste, requiring only separation into the necessary fractions / or without separation /, calcination / or without it / when using abrasive cleaners as the main / mass / component . The main ash-forming elements in coals are silica and alumina / SiO ₂ -41.7. 72.8% Al ₂ O ₃ - 13.5.33.1% / cm. Kitaev I.V. The chemical composition of coal ash of the Far East. In the collection of abstracts of reports of the 1st All-Union meeting "The Geochemistry of Technogenesis", vol. 2, Irkutsk ISU named after Zhdanova, 1985, p.196-199 /, usually used separately in cleaning products.

 On the ecological side, in terms of heavy metal content, brown coal ash, according to Polish researchers, is completely safe fertilizer even at high application rates, and brown coal radioactivity, as opposed to stone, is small and close to natural soil radioactivity / Zemba S. Use of brown coal ash for soil fertilizer . International Agricultural Journal, 1980, N 3 /, therefore, the primary rate should be on brown coal ash, although the use of coal ash is not excluded.

Distinctive features from the prototype features in the claimed invention are:
ash of brown and bituminous coals;
fractionated or unfractionated;
calcined or non-calcined
alumina-siliceous;
use of waste thermal power plants;
after grinding the coal, burning it and / or without / hydrotransport to the ash dump.

 Thus, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

 An analysis of patent documents and literary sources, which consider cleaning products for household items, showed the absence of the claimed combination of distinctive features in the well-known technical descriptions and solutions.

 Thus, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "significant differences".

The claimed solution (ash as the main component of the cleaning agent) can be implemented as follows, on the basis of waste from the CHPP-1 in Khabarovsk after hydrotransport of alumina-siliceous brown ash of the Kivda-Raichikhinsky deposit of the Amur Region (Al ₂ O ₃ - 27.53% SiO ₂ 48.18% CaO 8.70% Na ₂ O 0.26% pH 8.0.8.2, the content of the constituent elements of caustic and soda ash in a water-soluble form: Na about 2.0 mg / 100 g and HCO ₃ 8.5 mg / 100g) (see table).

 All options (the last 8 options) can be successfully replaced with washing with one unfractionated ash, followed by processing black plaque with washing powder or laundry soap (SAW) with significantly reduced costs.

Black plaque on the surfaces to be cleaned does not appear when using unfractionated ash after additional processing-calcination at a temperature of 800 ^o C. Based on calcined ash, it is possible to develop other cleaning agent compositions and, first of all, its direct application at a 100% content as previously the given 1st option (Table 1), but without the manifestation of the negative aspects of ash cleaning with the presence of soot and unburned fuel particles.

 The fractionation of lignite and coal ashes in the general case, according to the technical result, ensures the isolation of precisely those fractions that, in terms of particle size, will best meet the requirements for increasing the activity of an abrasive substance and the requirements for reducing abrasion and eliminating damage to cleaned objects. This includes separation of ash fractions with a lower content of soot and fuel residues and close to mechanically activated pulverized silica with a particle content of less than 1 μm 99% (see copyright certificate N 1567617 AI dated 05/05/1990 USSR).

 The calcined fractionated ash can be used directly and in various compositions for various surfaces to be cleaned, including and for more damaged and frayed when switching to small fractions.

 According to the initial assessment of the washing ability, the combination of fractionated non-calcined ash and unfractionated calcined is more effective in terms of production economics. In the first case, small fractions have a greater gold content compared to large fractions. They are cleaner, they contain less soot and fuel. It becomes possible to use fine fractions for cleaning already with traces of black plaque and lower consumption of surfactants. In the second case, after calcination, large particles, mainly coal, burn out, and the need for fractionation becomes smaller. The quality of the abrasive is dramatically improved.

 The practical use of the claimed invention allows us to abandon the laying and development of quarries, extract raw materials for abrasive substances, grind it, save natural landscapes and resources, replacing them with secondary ones, i.e. in general, reduce the cost of household products and reduce the environmental tension of the life of industrial society. The positive effect of the proposed new abrasive substance (ash as a mixture of components, mainly alumina and silica) is observed not only in the ecology and technological cycle of production, but also in the manifestation of the washing ability itself with 100% direct use of the material for cleaning household items without any additives.

Claims (1)

 A cleaning agent for household items based on ash, containing surfactants and other additives, characterized in that the ash contains fractionated or unframed, calcined or non-calcined, alumina-siliceous ash of brown or hard coal from waste from thermal power plants after grinding coals, their combustion and hydraulic transport of ash into the ash dump or without it, as additives, the product contains soda ash and / or caustic soda and as a surface-active substance it contains soaps and / or helical powder with the following ratio of components, wt. Soda ash and / or caustic soda 10 20
Soap and / or washing powder 10 20
Ash Up to 100r

Images