RU2092225C1 - Filtering device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cleaning waste water through filtration. SUBSTANCE: filtering device includes well whose lower portion is engageable with exit for discharge of filtrate and waste filtering material, hopper with meter for dosed delivery of grainy filtering material to well, cleaned liquid supply branch pipe and vibrating platforms for discharge of waste filtering material. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices for water purification by filtration with a moving filtering granular material and can be mainly used for wastewater treatment in livestock complexes.

 A known method of manufacturing a filter for water purification [1] including the construction of supply and discharge mine workings in low-permeable rock formations, the formation of a vertical cavity and filling it with a filter load in the form of destroyed rocks using an explosion, characterized in that after the explosion part of the destroyed rocks is not exceeding 10% of their volume is removed.

 A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the low percentage of underground mine workings for filtration due to the fact that blasting does not allow to obtain a good (small, very small) filtration product, which requires large volumes of rocks. It is rational to use this option only when mining is carried out for other purposes, and mining is used for filtering after using it for its intended purpose.

 The closest to the claimed object by technical nature is a vibration filter [2] containing a housing with movable and outlet pipes, respectively, for supplying a cleaned medium and a cleaned outlet, a layer of granular filter loading and a vibrator and equipped with a filter cage made of cermet installed between the discharge pipe and the loading layer , and nozzles with flaps for feeding and discharging the load, respectively connected to the upper and lower parts of the housing, and the vibrator is connected to the housing. The supply and outlet pipes are diametrically opposed to the side surface of the housing. The supply pipe is tangentially attached to the housing.

 The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are limited performance and exactingness on the quality of the filter load, which does not allow its use for wastewater treatment in livestock complexes.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the performance and reliability of the filter device.

 To solve this problem, in a filter device comprising a channel filled with filtering granular material, a device for loading granular material, a nozzle for supplying filter fluid and a vibrator, according to the invention, the channel is made in the form of a ring, over the mouth of which a hopper with elements for portioned loading of the filter is mounted granular bulk material. The lower part of the well was opened by an adit to issue the filtrate and spent filter material.

At the interface between the well and the adit, a vibrating platform with a vibrator is installed as the bottom of the well, the distance from the adit roof to the vibrating area must be equal to the width of the well, and the lower part of the well to a height of at least three times the width of the well is inclined at an angle of 65-85 ^o to the horizontal. The exit window for unloading the spent granular material is covered by a perforated flexible partition that pops up on the granular filter material during vibration.

 The filtering device can be equipped with additional bins with batch loading elements of neutralizing components. The lower part of the well can be opened by a mine equipped with a skip installation.

 The well is filled with filtering granular granular material (for example, a mixture of sand, limestone, coal ash, etc.). The wastewater of the livestock complex, previously cleaned of coarse inclusions, is discharged into a well through a spraying device. Passing through a granular porous material, the wastewater is filtered, flowing down, and through the adit is removed from the device. As the pores fill, the filtering ability decreases. To revitalize the filtering ability, a portion of the spent granular material is removed by means of a vibration pad. The material is loosened, the filtration capacity increases. The location of the vibration platform, the size ratio and the configuration of the base of the well provide, as studies have shown, uniform outflow and loosening of granular material over the entire cross section of the well. The exit window for unloading the spent granular material is blocked by a perforated (to pass the filtrate) baffle that pops up on the granular material during vibration. This provides good fluid passage and reliable protection against the release of bulk material saturated with water. The presence of additional bunkers with batch loading elements of neutralizing components allows the introduction of certain substances through a set of components and the use of spent filter granular material as fertilizers.

 In addition, at the same time as filtering, the device allows bacteriological treatment of wastewater, for which through an additional hopper it is possible to supply, for example, sawdust, chopped straw, etc. with the introduction of the necessary beneficial bacteria and microorganisms into them, the vital activity of which is ensured in the well all year round at a constant temperature and sufficient air permeability of the filtration material.

 The channel of the filtration device is made in the form of a well, over the mouth of which a hopper with elements for portion loading of granular bulk material is mounted, and the lower part of the well is opened with an adit to issue the filtrate and the spent filter material.

 This allows you to work on filtering the effluents of livestock farms all year round without the cost of energy for the heat of the filter shop.

 At the construction of the well and adit, a vibrating platform with a vibrator is installed as the bottom of the well.

This makes it possible, if necessary, to "revitalize" the filtering granular material located in the well by vibration exposure. A vibrating platform with a vibrator is used to release ore from vertical openings (ore passages) of 50 m high and a section of ore passages of 4 ^o C6 m ² .

 The operability of such a device in mines has been confirmed by hundreds of millions of tons of submerged ore.

 With the help of a vibrating platform, part of the granular material that passes through the entire well and accumulates particles of filter material in its pores is released from the well.

 Vibration release creates re-loosening of the material located in the well, and thereby ensures the passage of fluid between the particles.

The distance from the roof of the adit to the vibration platform must be equal to the width of the well, and the lower part of the well to a height of at least three times the width of the well is made inclined at an angle of 65 ^o C85 ^o to the horizontal.

 This ensures uniform movement of the granular material during vibration exposure over the entire section of the well. The above ratios were obtained in the study on models and confirmed by field observations.

 The exit window for unloading the spent granular material is blocked by a flexible partition perforated to pass the filtrate, which pops up on the granular material during vibration.

 It was established by field studies that: to reliably close the window in the bottom of a well filled with granular material saturated with water, a working sheet of a heavy plate feeder should be used. The canvas has great strength, flexibility, has a sufficient number of channels for the passage of the filtrate, reliably restrains the flow of granular material due to its massiveness, and under vibration disturbances, the working web of a heavy plate feeder floats on the granular material, ensuring its passage. This solution improves the reliability of the device and eliminates spontaneous release of supersaturated water granular material.

 The device is equipped with an additional hopper, batch loading elements, a neutralizing component, which allows filtering effluents to neutralize the substances dissolved in it with the formation of sediment, which is also delayed in the pores of the granular material. By appropriate selection of components, filter material can be used as fertilizer.

 In addition, mixtures containing beneficial bacteria and microorganisms for biological treatment of runoff of livestock farms can be introduced into the composition of the granular material.

 The lower part of the well is opened by a mine equipped with a skip installation, which allows the device to be used in flat areas and located near livestock farms, reducing communication costs.

 In FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a filter device made on a mountainside, a vertical section; figure 2 node pairing adit with a well; figure 3 the design of the node overlapping the discharge window from the well; in Fig.4 section 1-1 in Fig.1; figure 5 an example implementation of the device with three feed hoppers for granular filter material; Fig.6 filling the filter with three types of filter material with different grain sizes; Fig.7 is an example of the implementation of the filter device on a flat terrain using a mine with a skip hoist.

 The filtering device (Fig. 1-7) consists of a well 1, over the mouth of which a hopper 2 with elements 3 of a portion loading of granular bulk material is mounted. A pipe 4 is installed above the well to drain the drain of livestock farms. The lower part 5 of the well 1 is opened by the adit 6 for the delivery of the filtrate 7 by gravity and the spent filter material by conveyor 8.

At the interface between the lower part 5 of the well and adit 6, a vibrating platform 9 with a vibrator 10 is installed as the bottom of the well. Moreover, the distance A (Fig. 2) from the roof of the adit 6 to the vibrating platform 10 should be equal to the width B of well 1. The lower part of the well is inclined under angle α 65 ^o C85 ^o to the horizon to a height h, the value of which is equal to or greater than three times the width B of the well 1.

 The exit window for unloading the spent filtering granular material above the vibrating platform 10 (Fig. 3) is blocked by a flexible partition 11 perforated to pass the filtrate, made, for example, by a working blade of a heavy plate feeder. A practical check found that this design provides reliable window closure and eliminates spontaneous release of granular material supersaturated with water. In addition, for lifting the partition 11 can be installed lifting device 12. The well can be made of two compartments (figure 4), working independently of each other. In order to ensure the processing of wastewater for use as fertilizer, the filtering device can be equipped with additional bins 13 and 14 with metering elements 15 and 16 (Figs. 5, 6). When using the filter device in the flat terrain, the lower part 6 of the well 1 can be opened by a working 17 (Fig. 7) equipped with a skip installation 18 for issuing the spent filter material, and the filtrate is collected in a sump 19 and pumped out (not shown).

The filter device operates as follows. Before the start of operation, well 1 is filled with filtering granular material, which can be used sand, crushed limestone, ash, slag, etc. It is possible to use granular industrial wastes as filtering granular material, which when added with an organic component (it can reach 0 , 2 ^o C04 m ³ per cubic meter of wastewater deposited) could be used as fertilizers.

 Through the pipe 4 into the well for filtering, the sewage of the livestock complex, previously cleaned of coarse inclusions, is drained. Passing between the particles of the filter material, solids are separated from the liquid. The liquid, passing through the well, is filtered through the perforations 11, enters the soil of the adit 6, and is delivered by gravity to the surface in the storage for biological adaptation.

 As the pores are filled, the permeability for fluid through the well decreases. Then the vibrator 10 is turned on. A part of the granular material from the well 1 is discharged by the vibration platform 9. The granular material is loosened, and the filtering ability of the material in the well is restored. After that, the vibrator 10 is turned off, and the filtering is performed without vibration.

 Re-inclusion of the vibrator is performed as the filtering ability of the material in the well decreases.

 To improve the quality of filtration, it is undesirable to conduct a vibrational effect on the filter material in the well when liquid is drained into it. With a constant flow discharge, the well is made up of two compartments (Fig. 4) working by replacing each other, i.e. according to a certain schedule, taking into account the filtering ability of the material. At the end of the drain, for example, the time determined by the technology is maintained in the first compartment, then part of the spent filtration material is vibrated, the first compartment of the well is supplemented with a new portion of filtration material, after which the first compartment of the well is again prepared for receiving the drain. When the filtration deteriorates in the working second compartment, the discharge flow is switched to the prepared first compartment of the well, and from the second compartment of the well, after a technological time, a part of the spent filtration mass is vibrated. This allows you to completely avoid the breakthrough of the drain during vibration exposure, which improves the quality of the filter. Spent granular material conveyor 8 is issued to the surface, and it can be used as fertilizer for the fields.

 For better purification of wastewater from substances dissolved in it before discharge, the wastewater can be treated with coagulants and chemical components, under the action of which the substances in the water become precipitated. In the well, the sediment is retained in the pores of the filter material, which provides additional cleaning. In addition, additional reagents that increase the quality of the resulting fertilizer can be introduced into the filter material from additional bins 13 and 14 by means of metering elements 15 and 16, and granular additives, such as sawdust and the like, can be introduced. having bacteria and microorganisms for processing the resulting fertilizer. The filtration process is carried out year-round at a constant positive temperature and satisfactory aeration, which provides stable conditions for the development of introduced bacteria and microorganisms and allows you to get valuable fertilizer with microbiological processing. The greater the depth of the well, the more efficient is the treatment of wastewater to produce water suitable for repeated technical use and better fertilizers.

 When using a filter device mounted on a flat terrain, the device works in a similar way. The difference is that the processed filter granular material is issued by skip 18 at the output 17, and the filter is collected in the sump 19 and supplied by the pump.

 Maintenance of the device in its underground part is carried out along the path made in the excavation 17, parallel mounted near the track for the movement of the skip 18.

 The performance of the filter device is initiated by changing the amount of inclusion in the work of the vibration platform 9.

Claims (3)

1. A filter device comprising a channel, a hopper installed above its inlet with means for dosing a granular filter material, a nozzle for supplying a liquid to be cleaned, and a vibrator, characterized in that the channel is made in the form of a well, the lower part of which is connected with an adit for draining the filtrate and waste filter material, and is equipped with a vibration platform, rigidly connected to the vibrator, and a flexible partition with holes located at the interface between the channel and the adit, while the distance about t roof adit to the vibration platform is made equal to the width of the well and the lower part of the well to a height of not less than three times the width of the well is made inclined at an angle of 65 85 ^o to the horizon.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with additional hoppers with means for dosed supply of neutralizing components into the channel.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the well is equipped with a skip installation.

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