RU209220U1 - CPU MODULE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to architectures of CPU modules of controllers with programmable logic. The technical result consists in expanding the arsenal and functionality of the module and increasing the reliability of the module. The technical result is achieved by creating a new module design, including a natural convection heatsink, which occupies a large part of the board area and is installed above the heat-generating active elements, as well as an efficient arrangement of elements on the board. 6 w.p. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the architecture of the central processing unit (hereinafter referred to as the CPU module) of an industrial controller with programmable logic (hereinafter referred to as the PLC). PLC is a computing and control unit in automated process control systems (APCS). The expanding field of application and production volume of automated process control systems require the expansion of the arsenal and the improvement of design solutions and technical means for use as a CPU module with programmable logic. The CPU module is designed to build highly reliable embedded energy-efficient systems with small overall dimensions.

A device is known that consists of a backplane with the possibility of installing a processor module and expansion cards, in which the processor module and at least four expansion cards are installed directly into the mezzanine connectors of the backplane in one plane parallel to the backplane, which reduces the spatial volume and improves the reliability of computing nodes based on this backplane. The backplane contains a mezzanine connector for installing a processor module, interface connectors, a voltage converter, a power connector, a bus signal conditioner, a group of mezzanine connectors for installing expansion cards (RU 165470).

A central processor module is known, which is an industrial controller containing a printed circuit board with a built-in information storage device and with a microprocessor placed on it, which collects information from the inputs and ports RS-232 and RS-485 and transmits via the Ethernet interface, a serial port controller and a network controller interfaces associated with the microprocessor and with a block of blocks and connectors designed to connect third-party devices and switches, non-volatile memory, a real-time clock with an autonomous power source, and it is equipped with software for converting lower-level digital information protocol data into upper-level information protocol data , located on the built-in storage device containing the operating and executive systems, has a connector for connecting removable storage devices connected to the microprocessor, and also contains additionally at least one controller ru serial ports and the controller of network interfaces associated with the microprocessor and with the block of pads and connectors (RU 109303).

Known CPU module industrial controller with programmable logic, containing:

- a central microprocessor designed to perform the task of the application program, as a result of which the input data from the sensors are processed, and the result of the processing of which is the output data intended for controlling the actuators;

- an additional microprocessor with a different core architecture from the core architecture of the central microprocessor and designed to perform exactly the same task with exactly the same sensor inputs as in the central microprocessor, it additionally contains a programmable logic integrated circuit with a bus controller designed to communication over the bus between the CPU module and the input and/or output modules of the industrial controller, and the microcontroller, the Central microprocessor (CM), is designed to execute the task of the application program;

- an additional microprocessor (DM) is designed to perform exactly the same task with the same input data from the sensors as the CM;

- bus controller (CS), formed in the FPGA, is designed to exchange data over the bus;

- a security microcontroller (MB) to control the operation of its functional core contains a control core and a comparison module, which is designed to compare the results of calculations from parallel operating functional and control cores, the MB allows KSh to transfer output data to the bus if the condition for equality of processing results is met from the CM and DM, and the task execution time of the CM and DM is in a given time interval, and the results of the calculations of the functional and controlling cores are equal (RU 2703681, prototype).

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are the narrowness of functionality, which is determined by the non-optimal placement of devices on the board, a significant amount of unused space and the lack of reliable heat removal from them, connections with the layout of its components that do not take into account the possibility of noise and local mutual heating of equipment that excite interference due to mutual influence of devices.

The technical problem solved by this utility model is the creation of a new energy-efficient compact CPU module with programmable logic and the expansion of the arsenal of CPU modules.

The technical result, which provides a solution to this problem through the use of the claimed technical solution, is to expand the arsenal and functionality of the CPU module by creating a new design with high reliability and ease of use.

At the same time, the necessary dimensions and weight of the CPU module are provided due to the optimal mutual arrangement of computing devices on the board, reducing the amount of unused space and increasing the installation density. The possibility of expedient distribution of computing resources of the CPU module between tasks with high and low power consumption has been implemented; noise reduction is achieved by minimizing the general and local mutual heating of the equipment due to the mutual influence of the power supply and communication circuits. At the same time, due to the use of a single heatsink, which occupies a large part of the board area, which allows maximum use of natural convection (passive cooling system), the average operating temperature of computing facilities and the likelihood of their overheating are reduced. Also, the functionality of the CPU module can be increased using the expansion bus by installing expansion modules.

The essence of the utility model is that the CPU module contains a multilayer printed circuit board, on the first (upper) and second (lower) sides of which flat conductors are made in the form of sections of a metallized coating placed on a dielectric base and providing connection between themselves and with the central processor asymmetrically mounted on the board active elements of the electrical circuit, as well as an expansion bus, a test and debug connector for programming and connectors for data exchange between the central processor module and the input and / or output modules of the industrial controller, at the same time it is equipped with a natural convection heatsink installed on the first side board and made with ribbing formed by parallel oriented channels blown by atmospheric air and directed in the opposite direction from the board, and on the first side of the board there are the following active elements: the central processor, the first and second e elements of RAM; Ethernet interface transformers, RS-232 interface transceiver; LVDS interface converter, voltage stabilizers, power supervisor, digital temperature sensor; Ethernet controller flash memory and GPIO access driver, and connectors are installed along all edges of the first side of the board, while the following active elements are placed on the second side of the board: SSD solid-state flash drive; Ethernet controller; programmable microcircuit; optocoupler against isolated reset; PCIe bus clock generator; the third and fourth elements of RAM; two SPI FRAM memory chips; transceivers of RS-422/485 interfaces, and connectors are installed along the edges of the second side of the board.

Preferably, on the first side of the board, there are additionally: a reset button, a buzzer and several LEDs, as well as a group of connectors installed along its edges: an input and output interface connector; monitor connector; connector for connecting LCD panels; four serial input-output connectors; service connector for testing and debugging; connector for external LEDs; two LAN connectors; additional power connector; connector from the isolated reset; two discrete input/output connectors; universal serial bus connector; two power diagnostics service connectors and a printer terminal connector, while on the second side of the board there is an additional battery compartment, and the group of connectors on this side of the board includes a battery socket and a Compact Flash flash memory connector.

Preferably, the first side of the board additionally has a power supervisor enable connector, two remote reset connectors, a BIOS BIO reset connector, and two serial I/O port configuration connectors.

Preferably, the heatsink is placed on the first side of the printed circuit board between the connectors installed around the perimeter of the printed circuit board, is made of aluminum alloy and is fixed with screws.

Preferably, the testing and debugging connector during programming is made in the form of a pass-through service connector, and the expansion bus is made with the arrangement of contacts perpendicular to the edge of the printed circuit board.

Preferably the solid state flash drive is soldered to the board.

Preferably, a real time clock is built into the processor.

In the drawing of FIG. 1 shows a general view of the CPU module at an angle from above, with the heatsink removed; in the drawing of Fig. 2 shows a general view of the CPU module at an angle from above, with a heatsink installed; in fig. 3 - location of the elements of the CPU module on the front side of the board; in fig. 4 - location of the elements of the CPU module on the bottom side of the board; in fig. 5 is a block diagram of a CPU module.

The central processing unit (CPU) module contains a multilayer printed circuit board, on the first (upper) and second (lower) sides of which flat conductors are made in the form of sections of a metallized coating placed on a dielectric base and providing connection between themselves and with the central processing unit structurally asymmetrically mounted on the board active elements indicated in the drawings.

On the first (top) side of the CPU module board, the following active elements are located and marked with positions (Pos.):

Pos. one - printed circuit board (multilayer dielectric plate with conductive tracks applied to it) 90 × 96 mm.

Pos. 2 - D1 - VX86DX3 central processing unit (clock frequency 800 MHz) with built-in real time clock and graphic coprocessor.

Pos. 3 - DD1, DD2 - the first and second elements of RAM DDR3.

Pos. 4 - T1 - Ethernet interface transformer 10/100/1000 Mbps.

Pos. 5 - T2 - Ethernet interface transformer 10/100 Mbps.

Pos. 6 - D4 - RS-232 interface transceiver.

Pos. 7 - DA6 - voltage regulator (DC voltage regulator) 1.35V and 1.2V.

Pos. 8 - DA3 - voltage regulator (DC voltage regulator) of the processor core 0.95V.

Pos. 9 - D7 - LVDS interface converter (low-voltage differential signaling - a method of transmitting electrical signals that allows information to be transmitted at high frequencies using cheap twisted-pair copper connections).

Pos. 10 - DA7 - voltage regulator (DC voltage regulator) 1.35V.

Pos. 11 - DD11 - power supervisor (watchdog, external watchdog, processor 2 supply voltage control circuit, turns it off when the supply voltage level is out of the range of acceptable values).

Pos. 12 - DA19 - digital temperature sensor.

Pos. 13 - DA1 - voltage regulator (DC voltage regulator) 1.35V.

Pos. 14 - BF1 - buzzer (buzzer).

Pos. 15 - DD108 - Ethernet controller flash memory 10/100/1000 Mbps.

Pos. 16 - DD31 - GPIO access driver (General-Purpose Input/Output). Enables the use of the General Purpose Input/Output Interface (GPIO).

Pos. 17 - SW1 - galvanically isolated Reset button.

Pos. 18 - HL1-HL5 - LEDs.

On the second (bottom) side of the CPU module board, the following active elements are located and marked with positions (Pos.):

Pos. 3 - DD3, DD4 - the third and fourth elements of DDR3 RAM.

Pos. 19 - D2 - soldered on the board 1 solid-state flash drive SSD with a capacity of 8 GB (Solid State Drive, SSD) - a non-volatile storage device based on memory chips).

Pos. 20 - D6 - Ethernet controller 10/100/1000 Mbps.

Pos. 21 - D8 - programmable FPGA chip.

Pos. 22 - DA9 - optocoupler from isolated reset.

Pos. 23 - DD26 - PCIe bus clock generator (PCIe Clock Generators, allows you to change the bus frequency).

Pos. 24 - DD10 - SPI FRAM memory chip (EEPROM).

Pos. 25 - DD15 - SPI FRAM memory chip (EEPROM).

Pos. 26 - DA18 - transceiver interface RS-422/485.

Pos. 27 - DA17 - RS-422/485 interface transceiver.

Pos. 28 - D3 - transceiver interface RS-232.

Connectors are located on the first (upper) side of board 1.

XP1 - GPIO connector. General Purpose Input Output. An interface that contains General-purpose Inputs and Outputs.

XP2 - VGA connector. Video Graphics Array.Connector for connecting monitors according to the VGA video interface standard.

XP3 - LVDS connector. Low-Voltage Differential Signaling. Connector for connecting LCD panels according to the LVDS video interface standard.

XP4 - COM connector (RS-422/485). Computer serial I/O port = interfaces for digital data transfer.

XP8 - COM connector (RS-422/485). Computer serial I/O port = interfaces for digital data transfer.

XP9 - connector for connecting external LEDs.

XP10 - LAN connector 10/100/1000 Mbps. "Local Area Networks" or "Local Area Network".

XP11 - additional power connector.

XP12 - isolated reset connector.

XP13 - COM connector (RS-232). Computer serial I/O port = interfaces for digital data transfer.

XP14 - COM connector (RS-232). Computer serial I/O port = interfaces for digital data transfer.

XP15 - LAN connector 10/100 Mbps. "Local Area Networks" or "Local Area Network".

XP16 - 24-pin connector (discrete I/O connector).

XP18 - 24-pin connector (discrete I/O connector).

XP19 - USB1-4 connector. Universal Serial Bus - "universal serial bus" - a serial interface for connecting peripherals to computer technology.

XP20 - JTAG FPGA service connector (FPGA programming connector).

XP21 - power diagnostics service connector.

XP23 - power diagnostics service connector.

XP24 - LPT connector. Line Print Terminal - line printer terminal. It was intended primarily for connecting printers.

X1 - power supervisor enable connector.

X2 and X3 - remote reset connectors.

X4 - BIOS reset connector (Basic Input / Output System - “basic input / output system”, software (software) for working with computer hardware and devices connected to it.

X6, X7 - COM port configuration connectors (RS-422/485).

Connectors are located on the second (bottom) side of board 1

XP7 - connector for connecting a Compact Flash flash drive.

XP5 - socket (connector) CR2032 for battery. It has contacts to which a battery is pressed with a special holder with a grip and a lever.

Board 1 has an XP5 pass-through connector - JTAG test and debug service connector (programming connector), with through holes on both sides of board 1.

The hardware expansion bus - a computer bus, is a connector XS1 - PC / 104 (ISA 8/16 bits) based on the 8-bit version of the ISA bus. A feature of the PC/104 mechanical construct used in this module is the location of the contacts not on the edge of the board 1, but perpendicular to it, which allows you to install several boards on top of each other like sandwiches. This design of the expansion bus allows you to assemble up to 3-6 boards into one large "sandwich" and place it in a compact sealed case, which will have greater impact resistance.

The presence of 24-pin discrete input/output connectors XP16 (DIO_A) and XP18 (DIO_B) allows you to use 48 lines for connecting external discrete signals. The logic of the operation of these lines (operation algorithm) is described in the firmware, which is stored in the FPGA chip (component D8, pos. 21). The use of various firmware provides versatility and wide applicability of the proposed CPU module. Using one nomenclature of such a module and independently changing the algorithm of operation of discrete input/output ports (changing software firmware), the consumer can use the claimed module to solve a wide range of control and management tasks. At the same time, the consumer will be able to independently develop firmware for the module, which will give him the opportunity to create unique ready-made solutions based on this CPU module. In addition to simple discrete input/output on the FPGA, you can implement multi-channel event counters and frequency counters, as well as interfaces for connecting DAC / ADC.

The product fully complies with the PC/104 specification (motherboard form factor), in terms of characteristics: overall dimensions of the module and location of connecting connectors

A high mounting density is provided (a large number of elements on the available area of the board 1) using electrical components with a size of 0.4-0.2 mm (for example, resistors of 0.4-0.2 mm). It is necessary to use high-precision equipment in the production of this module.

The CPU module is intended to be used primarily in vehicle-mounted and unattended electronic equipment, operated on a 24x7 time basis.

The CPU module is powered by an external DC source with a fixed voltage value of + 5 V ± 5%.

Permissible operating conditions of the CPU module - operating temperature range from minus 40°С to plus 85°С; relative air humidity up to 80% (without moisture condensation).

Permissible mechanical effects: sinusoidal vibration in the frequency range from 5 to 2000 Hz with acceleration - 10 g; resistance to single impacts, peak acceleration - 150 g; resistance to multiple impacts, peak acceleration - 50 g.

The CPU module works as follows.

During normal operation, the CPU module receives signals containing data and instructions (polling interfaces, requesting data from memory, performing calculations on data), and outputs signals with processed data through the corresponding bus.

In general, the execution of the program consists in reading data from data input/output modules connected to the CPU module via the ISA bus (XS1) and/or from external devices via Ethernet serial data channels connected to XP10 and XP15, RS232 - XP13 and XP14, RS422/RS485 - XP4 and XP8, and subsequent data processing according to the algorithm specified by the program and the issuance of the resulting control data to data input/output modules and to external monitored and controlled devices via data transmission interfaces.

The detailed operation algorithm of the CPU module is determined by the software installed on the processor module. When network modules are connected to the connectors and there is a network connection to the network interface chips, protocols are automatically selected according to the settings to achieve the specified or most efficient network operation. Upon completion of the settings, data is exchanged with one or more external network nodes. At the same time, digital signals can be received and output through connectors XP16 and XP18. If necessary, external USB devices can be connected via the USB ports (XP19).

If the BIOS parameters checksum error is detected during the reset of the computer, then the BIOS parameters are loaded from microcircuits pos.24, 25 of the FRAM memory. This improves the reliability of the module during long-term maintenance-free operation.

To increase the reliability of the module during long-term unattended operation, two watchdog timers are used, which form a hardware reset of the microprocessor and its reboot in the event of a software “freeze”.

External watchdog (External Watchdog, Fig.5) has a fixed response period of 1.6 s. Built-in microprocessor watchdog timer (Watchdog, Fig.5) has a programmable response period.

The data received by the VX86DX3 processor pos. 2 from the PC can be transferred directly to the corresponding I / O means, and also perceived as a task or commands for execution by the VX86DX3 processor, in accordance with the program loaded into the random access memory DDR3 RAM DD1, DD2, DD3 , DD4 pos.3.

During the operation of the product, its equipment performs, in particular, the following:

Flash drive SSD, pos.19 serves as a computer non-volatile non-mechanical storage device based on memory chips. In addition to memory chips, it contains a control controller.

RAM (DD1, DD2, DD3, DD4 pos.3) is a dynamic random access memory. Dynamic type memory has a higher density, which allows more memory cells to be placed on the same area of \u200b\u200bthe silicon crystal. Implements double data rate synchronous random access memory functions.

RS-232 interface transceivers are used to coordinate electrical parameters, process and transmit information using serial data channels.

The FRAM (Random Access Memory) memory chip uses a ferroelectric layer to provide non-volatility.

The reference voltage driver for RAM maintains a highly stable constant electrical voltage at its output to set the output voltage of a stabilized power supply for analog-to-digital converters, operating modes of analog and digital integrated circuits and systems, and as a voltage standard.

Power supply controllers provide the issuance of control actions and control of the output parameters of power supplies.

Switching regulators DA6, DA3, DA7 and DA1 (pos. 7, 8, 10, 13) (stabilizers) of the voltage maintain the supply voltage of the module within acceptable limits, with a significant change in the input voltage and output current of the load.

The power supervisor maintains the microprocessor in the reset state until the supply voltage reaches a predetermined value and stabilizes, or resets the microprocessor when the supply voltage drops below a critical level or during a sudden voltage drop.

Generator poz.23 clock pulses (clock generator) bus PC / 104 is designed to synchronize ongoing processes.

The reset button SW1 (RESET) performs, if necessary, restarting the module at an arbitrary point in time.

During operation, the heatsink serves to remove and dissipate the heat generated by the processor.

The design advantages of the proposed CPU module are, in particular, that this CPU module allows you to install expansion modules parallel to it, which makes it possible to avoid additional cable connections, it is equipped with a heatsink for natural convection, installed parallel to the board from the top side and made with ribs, formed by parallel oriented channels, blown by atmospheric air and directed in the opposite direction from the board.

At the same time, the optimal layout of functional elements and their placement on both sides of the board make it possible to meet the following design requirements:

- functional completeness, when the connections of each element have the necessary completeness and perform certain particular functions;

- minimization of the number and length of bonds of each of the active elements;

- layout density, determined by the ratio of the number of active elements to the area of the board, that is, the maximum filling of the structural space allocated to the elements on the board surface is realized;

- the arrangement of the elements in such a way as to dissipate approximately the same power in order to avoid local overheating on the board;

- stiffness and strength of the CPU module, sufficient for transportation by any mode of transport and operation in the field;

- active elements do not create significant interference with each other.

The design of the CPU module allows:

- automate assembly and installation processes;

- reduce the tuning period, since automated tuning of all nodes of the CPU module can be performed;

- increase the reliability of the connections of each of the active elements and the CPU module as a whole.

The technical result achieved through the use of the claimed technical solution is to expand the arsenal and functionality of the CPU module by creating an alternative design with broad functionality, high reliability and ease of use.

Claims (8)

1. A central processor module containing a multilayer printed circuit board, on the first (upper) and second (lower) sides of which flat conductors are made in the form of sections of a metallized coating placed on a dielectric base and providing connection between themselves and with the central processor asymmetrically mounted on the board active elements of the electrical circuit, as well as an expansion bus, a testing and debugging connector during programming, and connectors for data exchange between the central processor module and the input and / or output modules of the industrial controller, characterized in that it is equipped with a heatsink for natural convection installed on the first side of the board and made with ribs formed by parallel oriented channels blown by atmospheric air and directed in the opposite direction from the board, and the following active elements are located on the first side of the board: the central processing unit, the first and second elements random access memory; Ethernet interface transformers, RS-232 interface transceiver; LVDS interface converter, voltage stabilizers, power supervisor, digital temperature sensor; Ethernet controller flash memory and GPIO access driver, and connectors are installed along all edges of the first side of the board, while the following active elements are placed on the second side of the board: SSD solid-state flash drive; Ethernet controller; programmable microcircuit; optocoupler against isolated reset; PCIe bus clock generator; third and fourth elements of RAM; two SPI FRAM memory chips; transceivers of RS-422/485 interfaces, and connectors are installed along the edges of the second side of the board. 2. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that on the first side of the board there is an additional reset button, a buzzer and several LEDs, as well as a group of connectors installed along its edges: an input and output interface connector; monitor connector; connector for connecting LCD panels; four serial input-output connectors; service connector for testing and debugging; connector for external LEDs; two LAN connectors; additional power connector; connector from the isolated reset; two discrete input/output connectors; universal serial bus connector; two power diagnostics service connectors and a printer terminal connector, at the same time, a battery compartment is additionally located on the second side of the board, and a group of connectors on this side of the board includes a battery socket and a Compact Flash flash memory connector. 3. The module according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that on the first side of the board there are additionally installed: a connector for enabling the use of a power supervisor, two connectors for connecting a remote reset, a connector for resetting the BIOS basic input / output system and two connectors for the configuration of serial ports input-output. 4. The module according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the heatsink is placed on the first side of the printed circuit board between the connectors installed around the perimeter of the printed circuit board, is made of aluminum alloy and is fixed with screws. 5. The module according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the test and debug connector during programming is made in the form of a pass-through service connector, and the expansion bus is made with the arrangement of contacts perpendicular to the edge of the printed circuit board. 6. The module according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the solid-state flash drive is soldered onto the board. 7. The module according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the real time clock is built into the processor.

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