RU2091596C1 - Rotary-piston internal combustion entire - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; engines. SUBSTANCE: rotary-piston internal combustion engine has housing with cylindrical working space, cylindrical solid rotor with three pistons installed in housing space 50 that axes of pistons are parallel and do not coincide. It has also end face covers of housing with bearings for rotor shaft from which power is taken off, two pairs of inlet and outlet valves and rotor and pistons cooling and lubrication system. Channel is made along rotor axis and three slots at angle of 120 degrees relative to each other are made on radii parallel to axis. Pistons are made in form of free ends of rectangular plates arranged with minimum clearances in rotor slots for displacement. Pistons and end faces of rotor and plates adjoin with minimum clearances to inner surface of housing working space. Channels for cooling and lubricating liquid are made inside shaft and in bearings forming, together with rotor channel, through channel to input of which output of valve of liquid cooling and lubrication system is connected, and to output, input of other valve of this system. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 11 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to internal combustion engines (ICE), designed to convert thermal energy obtained by the combustion of fuel into mechanical work, and relates to the field of engineering.

 Known rotary-piston ICE Wankel [1] which consists of a housing with an epitrochoid cavity, which forms, together with the flat surfaces of two side housings, a working space in which the rotor-piston moves. The rotor has the shape of a triangle with arched sides. The movement of the rotor is controlled by a planetary mechanism consisting of an internal gear, located on one of the ends of the rotor; which is constantly engaged with it, fixed gear fixed in the side housing of the engine, and an eccentric shaft, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the fixed gear and on the eccentric of which the rotor is located. The ratio of the number of teeth of the rotor gear and the fixed gear is 3: 2, so the rotor rotates 3 times slower than the eccentric shaft, from which the power is removed. Therefore, there are 3 revolutions of the shaft per engine stroke.

When the eccentric shaft rotates, the rotor makes a planetary motion, that is, it rotates with the shaft, at the same time (due to rolling in the gear of the stationary gear) it rotates around its axis on the eccentric bearing. When the rotor moves, all three of its vertices constantly touch the epitrochoid surface of the casing, forming three sickle-shaped chambers that are separate from each other and undergo periodic volume changes displaced by 120 ^o in phase.

 In this engine, one working stroke falls on three revolutions of the engine shaft. The working surface of the housing (mirror) and rotor have a complex shape, therefore, are laborious in manufacturing. The motor rotor has a sophisticated cooling system.

 Also known is a rotary piston internal combustion engine [2] comprising a hollow cylindrical body, a rotor with pistons, dividers installed in the body cavity with the formation of variable working volumes of inlet-compression and expansion-inlet, and a combustion chamber with inlet and outlet poppet valves with guide bushings, made in the housing outside of variable volumes. To cool the engine, a coolant supply device was used, which is made in the inlet valve in the form of a cavity in the rod in communication with the atomizer and radial holes, one of the holes being located in the upper part of the valve stem with the possibility of periodic communication with the coolant supply pipe through the annular groove, others in the middle part of the valve stem with the possibility of periodic communication with the combustion chamber or their subsequent closure by the valve sleeve, and the atomizer with the possibility of th message with variable volume expansion-release.

 This engine has one working stroke per revolution of the motor shaft. The engine has a complex rotor design and cooling system. This engine is adopted as a prototype of the invention.

 The technical result of the invention is to simplify the design of the engine, by simplifying the design of the rotor and its cooling system, as well as increasing the engine power per unit weight by increasing the number of working strokes to 3 in two turns of its shaft.

 This result is achieved due to the fact that the rotary piston ICE contains: a housing with a cylindrical working cavity, a rotor with three pistons mounted rotatably in the housing cavity, end caps of the housing with bearings for the engine shaft, a pair of inlet and a couple of exhaust valves, an spark plug or nozzle and two valves for coolant and lubricant.

In addition, the rotor is made in the form of a monolithic cylinder. Inside the rotor, a through channel is made along its axis, and along the radii there are three rectangular slots at an angle of 120 ^{o to} each other. Valves for coolant and lubricant through the channels and grooves of the bearings are connected to the axial channel of the rotor.

Pistons are made in the form of free ends of rectangular plates, which are placed in the slots of the rotor with minimal gaps and the ability to move. The length of the plates (the size along the radius of the rotor) is not less than the depth of the slots, but also not more than the radius of the working cavity of the housing. The width of the plates is equal to the length of the rotor, and their thickness is not less than the width of the inlet and outlet windows, the length of which is less than the width of the plates. The angular position of the inlet and outlet windows on the housing is 120 ^o with respect to each other, and the angular position of the windows in the pair of inlet or outlet is 60 ^o , also with respect to each other.

 Distinctive features of the invention are: a third piston, two valves for cooling and lubricating fluid, the embodiment of the rotor in the form of a monolithic cylinder with a central channel and radial slots, the embodiment of the pistons and their location on the rotor, the second inlet and outlet valves and the misaligned location of the rotor in the working body cavity.

 The design of the engine and its operation are illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an engine housing lying in a plane in which intake and exhaust valves are located; in FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section through the housing along lines A-B-C (FIG. 1); in FIG. 3-5, diagrams of the valve timing in the first, second and third cylinders for the engine’s duty cycle (two shaft revolutions) are presented; cylinder numbers are indicated on the end face of the rotor of FIG. one; in FIG. 6 diagrams of the valve timing relative to the camshaft, the numbers indicate the numbers of the intake and exhaust valves; in FIG. 7 and 8 cam profiles for the first and second intake valves; in FIG. 9 and 10 cam profiles for the first and second exhaust valves; in FIG. 11 is a profile of cams of an engine ignition system providing ignition at the end of a compression stroke in each of the three cylinders.

The following notation is introduced in the figures:
1 engine housing; 2 cylindrical working cavity of the housing; 3 - end cover of the housing; 4 motor shaft bearing; 5 motor shaft; 6 and 7, first and second inlet windows; 8 and 9 first and second outlet windows; 10 - hole for the spark plug or nozzle; 11 spark plug or nozzle; 12 rotor. 13 pistons (plates); 14 rotor channel for coolant and lubricant; 15 ring grooves of bearings; 16 bore bearings; 17 valve coolant and lubricant; 18 - camshaft; 19 and 20 gears of a camshaft drive (number of teeth 2: 1); 21 pushers; 22 and 23, first and second intake valves; 24 and 25 first and second exhaust valves; 26 and 27 rocker arms.

 The housing 1 of the engine is made of metal, for example, cast iron or aluminum alloy.

 The working cavity 2 can be made of gray cast iron or steel.

 End caps 3 can be made of cast iron or aluminum alloy.

 Bearings 4 can be made of steel or cast iron.

 The motor shaft 5 may be made of cast iron or steel.

 Candle or nozzle 11 are used manufactured by the industry.

 The rotor 12 is made of cast iron or steel.

 Pistons 13 are made of cast iron or steel.

 Valves 17 can be made ball.

 The camshaft 18 may be made of steel.

 Gears 19 and 20 are made of metal.

 Pushers 21 are made of metal.

 Valves 22 25 are made of heat resistant steel.

 Rocker arms 26 and 27 can be made of steel.

 Description of the rotary piston engine in statics.

 The design of the rotary-piston internal combustion engine contains: a motor housing 1, a rotor 12 with pistons 13, a gas distribution mechanism, a power supply system, an ignition system (for carburetor internal combustion engines), a lubricant, cooling of the rotor and the housing.

The housing 1 of the engine is used for installation and fastening of all mechanisms and assembly units. A cylindrical working cavity 2 is made in the housing. The housing covers 3 include end caps 3 with bearings 4 for the motor shaft 5. In addition, a pair of inlet 6 and 7 and a pair of outlet 8 and 9 windows and a hole 10 in the combustion chamber for the spark plug or nozzle 11 are made in the housing. The windows are made in the form of slots parallel to the axis of the working cavity. The angular distance between the pairs of inlet and outlet windows is 120 ^o , and between each pair of inlet and outlet windows 60 ^o . The hole for the spark plug (nozzle) is made between one pair of inlet and outlet windows.

The rotor 12 with three pistons 13 serves to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion of the rotor shaft, which is the motor shaft 5. The rotor is made in the form of a monolithic cylinder. Inside the rotor and shaft there is a through channel 14 for cooling and lubricating fluid. In the bearings 4, annular grooves 15 and a through hole 16 are made. The grooves 15 communicate with the channel 14. Through holes 16 pass into pipelines to which valves 17 for cooling and lubricating fluid are connected. In addition, in the rotor parallel to its axis, three rectangular slots are made along the radii, at an angle of 120 ^{o to} each other, through to the channel 14 of the rotor.

 Pistons 13 are made in the form of free ends of rectangular plates, which are placed in the slots of the rotor with minimal gaps and the ability to move. The length of the plates (the size along the radius of the rotor) is not less than the depth of the slots, but also not more than the radius of the working cavity of the housing. The width of the plates is equal to the length of the rotor, and their thickness is not less than the width of the inlet and outlet windows, the length of which is less than the width of the plates.

The rotor is placed inside the working cavity of the housing on the bearings of the end caps with the possibility of rotation, so that the axis of the rotor and the working cavity are parallel and do not coincide. The rotor axis is offset toward the combustion chamber by a distance less than the difference between the radii of the working cavity and the rotor. Pistons, ends of the rotor and plates with minimal gaps are adjacent to the inner surface of the working cavity of the housing and form three working cylinders, each of which is limited by a part of the surface of the rotor, between a pair of plates, the surface of the plates and a part of the surface of the working cavity limited by a pair of pistons. The smallest possible volume of each cylinder forms a combustion chamber. Such a volume is created from the side of the minimum clearance between the cylindrical surface of the rotor and the working cavity when the pair of pistons is at an angular distance of 60 ^o from the plane in which the rotor and working cavity axes lie.

 The gas distribution mechanism carries out timely inlet into the engine cylinders of a combustible mixture or air and exhaust exhaust to the outside. It consists of a camshaft 18, gears 19 and 20 for camshaft drive, pushers 21, inlet 22 and 23 and exhaust 24 and 25 valves with rods, rocker arms 26 and 27 and springs that keep the valve closed.

 The power system is used to prepare a combustible mixture and supply it to the cylinders, or to supply fuel to the cylinders and fill them with air.

 The ignition system of the carburetor engine is designed for forced ignition of the combustible mixture from an electric spark. Diesels do not have an ignition system.

 The lubrication system is designed to supply oil under pressure to the rubbing surfaces of moving parts to reduce friction between them. In the proposed ICE, it is combined with a rotor cooling system.

 The rotor cooling system is designed to remove heat from the rotor and lubricate its friction parts. It contains: an oil tank, a pump for cooling and lubricating fluid, a radiator, filters, fluid pipelines and two valves 17.

 The pump is formed by channels 14, holes 16, grooves 15, the inner ends of the plates, which act as pistons of the pump and two valves 17.

 The cooling system of the housing can be made air or liquid. The air cooling system includes cooling fins and a fan with a drive; liquid contains a water jacket, a pump and a radiator.

Engine Description
The order of the change of cycles in the engine cylinders for two shaft rotations is given in the table.

When starting the engine by turning its shaft from left to right (Fig. 1), the right valves 22 and 23 are inlet and the left 24 and 25 are exhaust. In the first half-turn of the shaft, the first inlet valve 22 is open from 0 to 60 ^{o of} rotation of the shaft, the second inlet valve 23 is open from 60 to 180 of rotation of the shaft. The first exhaust valve 24 is open from 0 to 120 ^o rotation of the shaft, and the second 25 is open from 120 to 180 ^o rotation of the shaft. In the first cylinder there is an inlet, in the second release, and in the third working stroke. Ignition in the third cylinder was filed in the compression stroke, a few degrees before the end of the compression stroke (see Fig. 11).

In the second half-turn of the shaft, the first inlet valve is open from 180 to 240 ^o , and the second from 240 to 360 ^o . The first exhaust valve is open from 180 to 300 ^o , and the second from 300 to 360 ^o . In the first cylinder, the working mixture is compressed, in the second inlet, and in the third outlet.

In the third half-turn of the shaft, the first intake valve is open at angles of 360-420 ^o , the second 420-540 ^o . The first exhaust valve is open at angles of 540-660 ^o , the second valve is closed. In the first cylinder there is a working stroke, in the second compression, and in the third inlet. Ignition of the working mixture in the first cylinder occurred even in the compression stroke, a few degrees before its end (see Fig. 11).

In the fourth half-turn of the shaft, only the second exhaust valve is open at angles of 660-720 ^o . In the first cylinder there is a release, in the second working stroke, and in the third compression. The ignition of the working mixture in the second cylinder occurred even in the compression stroke, a few degrees before its end (see Fig. 11). The first cycle of the engine is completed. Each of the three cylinders operates independently in a four-cycle cycle.

 The cooling system and lubrication of the rotor operates as follows. When the rotor rotates, centrifugal forces press the pistons against the surface of the working cavity of the housing, while the plates continuously move in the slots of the rotor, changing the volume of its channel 14. The maximum volume of this channel, when the compression cycle is completed in one of the cylinders (see Fig. 1), at other positions of the rotor, the volume of this channel becomes smaller. With an increase in the volume of the channel, one of the valves 17 working to inlet liquid from the pipeline is triggered; when this volume is reduced, a second valve 17 that works to release liquid from the channel is activated. Thus, the cooling and lubricating fluid is driven through the rotor, cooling and lubricating it and the plates.

Claims (1)

A rotary piston internal combustion engine comprising a housing with a cylindrical working cavity, a cylindrical rotor with two pistons mounted rotatably in the housing cavity, housing end caps with bearings for the rotor shaft, intake and exhaust valves, and a rotor cooling system with pistons, in addition , in the housing there are inlet and outlet windows and a hole for the spark plug or nozzle through the combustion chamber, characterized in that the engine is additionally equipped with two valves of the liquid system cooling of the rotor and pistons, which is combined with a lubrication system, additional inlet and outlet valves and a third piston, in addition, the inlet and outlet windows are additionally made in the housing, the rotor is made in the form of a monolithic straight cylinder with a channel on its axis, along its radii parallel to the axis of the through channel formed three slits at 120 ^o to each other, the pistons are in the form of rectangular plates the free ends of which are arranged with minimal gaps in the rotor slots to be movable, and etc. the longitudinal axes of the working cavity and rotor are parallel and not aligned, the pistons, the ends of the rotor and plates with minimal gaps are adjacent to the inner surface of the working cavity of the housing, the channels for cooling and lubricating fluid are made inside the shaft and bearings, which form a through channel with the rotor channel to the inlet which is connected to the valve outlet of the liquid cooling and lubrication system, and to the outlet is the input of another valve of this system.

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