RU2072433C1 - Rotary-piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines. SUBSTANCE: rotary-piston internal combustion engine has housing with cylindrical working space, cylindrical rotor with four pistons installed in housing space for rotation, housing and space axes being parallel and spaced, end face covers of housing with bearings for rotor shaft, two pairs of intake and exhaust valves and rotor and piston cooling system. Rotor is made in form of solid cylinder with channel along its axis. Four slots are made in radii in parallel with axis which reach the channel. Slots are 90-degree spaced relative to each other. Pistons are made in form of free ends of rectangular plates installed for travel in rotor slots and arranged at minimum clearances. Pistons and end faces of rotor and plates adjoin inner surface of housing working space with minimum clearances. Channels for cooling and lubricating liquid are made inside shaft and in bearings forming through channel together with channel in rotor. Inlet and outlet of through channel are connected to outlet and inlet of rotor and piston cooling and lubricating system. EFFECT: simplified design, increased power output per weight unit, provision of four working strokes at two revolutions of shaft. 2 cl, 12 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to internal combustion engines (ICE), designed to convert thermal energy obtained by the combustion of fuel into mechanical work.

 Known rotary-piston internal combustion engine Wankel (V. Beniovich and other rotary piston engines. M. Mechanical Engineering, 1968, S. 13-26), which consists of a housing with an epitrochoid cavity, forming together with the flat surfaces of the two side buildings working the space in which the rotor-piston moves. The rotor has the shape of a triangle with arched sides. The movement of the rotor is controlled by a planetary mechanism consisting of an internal gear, located on one of the ends of the rotor; which is constantly engaged with it, fixed gear fixed in the side housing of the engine, and an eccentric shaft, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the fixed gear and on the eccentric of which the rotor is located. The ratio of the number of teeth of the rotor gear and the fixed gear is 3: 2, so the rotor rotates 3 times slower than the eccentric shaft, from which the power is removed.

When the eccentric shaft rotates, the rotor makes a planetary motion, that is, it rotates with the shaft, at the same time (due to rolling in the gear of the stationary gear) it rotates around its axis on the eccentric bearing. When the rotor moves, all three of its vertices constantly touch the epitrochoid surface of the body, forming three sickle-shaped chambers that are separate from each other and undergo periodic volume changes displaced by 120 ^o in phase. In this engine, one working stroke falls on three revolutions of the engine shaft. Engine lubrication occurs under the pressure generated by the gear pump. Oil is directed through the filter into the cavity of the eccentric shaft, from where it enters the bearing through drilling. Through nozzles, oil is directed to the inner surfaces of the rotor to cool it. From the bearings and from the rotor, the oil is drained into a sump, from where it is taken through the intake by an oil pump.

 The working surfaces of the housing (mirror) and the rotor have a complex shape, therefore, are laborious in manufacturing. The motor rotor has a sophisticated cooling system.

 Also known is a rotary piston internal combustion engine (ed. St. USSR N 1815363, class F 02 B 53/00, Bull. N 18, 1993), containing a hollow cylindrical body, a rotor with pistons, dividers installed in the body cavity with the formation of variable inlet-compression and expansion-outlet working volumes, and a combustion chamber with inlet and outlet poppet valves with guide bushings made in the housing outside of the variable volumes. To cool the engine, a coolant supply device was used, which is made in the inlet valve in the form of a cavity in the rod in communication with the atomizer and radial holes, one of the holes being located in the upper part of the valve stem with the possibility of periodic communication with the coolant supply pipe through the annular groove, others in the middle part of the valve stem with the possibility of periodic communication with the combustion chamber or their subsequent closure by the valve sleeve, and the atomizer with the possibility of th message with variable volume expansion-release.

 The disadvantages of this engine is that it has one working stroke for one revolution of the shaft, it has a complex design of the rotor and cooling system.

 The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design of the engine by simplifying the design of the rotor and its cooling system, as well as increasing the engine power per unit weight by increasing the number of working strokes to four in two rotations of the shaft.

 The goal is achieved in that the engine comprises a housing with a cylindrical working cavity, a rotor with four pistons mounted in the cavity of the housing with the possibility of rotation and not coaxial to the axis of the cavity, end caps of the housing with bearings for the rotor shaft, which is the motor shaft, a pair of inlets and a couple of exhaust valves, spark plug or nozzle and two valves for cooling and lubricating fluid (oil).

The rotor is made in the form of a monolithic, straight cylinder. Inside the rotor, a through channel is made along its axis, and along the radii there are four slots at angles to adjacent slots of 90 ^° through to the rotor channel. Valves for coolant and lubricant through the channels and grooves of the bearings are connected to the axial channel of the rotor.

Pistons are made in the form of free ends of rectangular plates, which are placed in the slots of the rotor with minimal gaps and the ability to move. The length of the plates (the size along the radius of the rotor) is not less than the depth of the slots, but also not more than the radius of the working cavity of the housing. The width of the plates is equal to the length of the rotor, and their thickness is not less than the width of the inlet and outlet windows, the length of which is less than the width of the plates. The angular position of the inlet and outlet windows on the housing is 90 ^o with respect to adjacent windows. Inlet and outlet windows are located on the body in pairs.

 Distinctive features of the invention are: the third and fourth piston, two valves for cooling and lubricating fluid, the shape of the rotor, the shape of the pistons and their location on the rotor, inlet and outlet valves and the misaligned location of the rotor in the working cavity of the housing.

 In FIG. 1 is a diagram of a motor housing lying in a plane in which intake and exhaust valves are located, cross section; in FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section through the housing along lines A-B-C in FIG. 1; figure 3 diagrams of gas distribution relative to the camshaft, the numbers indicate the numbers of the intake and exhaust valves in the direction of rotation of the shaft; in FIG. 4-7 diagrams of the valve timing in the first, second, third and fourth cylinders for the engine’s duty cycle (two shaft rotations) (cylinder numbers are indicated on the ends of the rotor of FIG. 1); on Fig and 9 cam profiles of the camshaft for the first and second intake valves; 10 and 11, camshaft cam profiles for the first and second exhaust valves; on Fig profile of the cams of the engine ignition system, providing ignition at the end of the compression stroke in each of the four cylinders.

 In the drawings, the designations are introduced: 1 engine housing; 2 cylindrical working cavity of the housing; 3 end cover of the housing; 4 motor shaft bearing; 5 motor shaft; 6, 7 first and second inlet windows; 8, 9 - the first and second outlet windows; 10 hole for spark plug or nozzle; 11 spark plug or nozzle; 12 rotor; 13 pistons; 14 - rotor channel for cooling and lubricating fluid; 15 ring groove of the bearing; 16 bearing bore; 17 valve coolant and lubricant; 18 camshaft; 19, 20 gears of the camshaft drive with the number of teeth 2: 1; 21 pushers; 22, 23 first and second intake valves; 24, 25 exhaust valves; 26, 27 rocker.

 All parts and components of the engine are made of metal. The housing 1 of the engine is made of cast iron or aluminum alloy.

 The working cavity 2 can be made of cast iron or steel.

 The end caps 3 of the housing can be made of cast iron or aluminum alloy.

 Bearings can be made of steel or cast iron.

 The motor shaft 5 may be made of cast iron or steel.

 A candle or nozzle 11 is produced by the industry.

 The rotor 12 is made of cast iron or steel.

 Pistons 13 are made of gray cast iron or steel.

 Valves 17 can be made ball.

 The camshaft 18 may be made of steel.

 Gears 19 and 20 are made of metal.

 Pushers 21 are made of metal.

 Valves 22-25 are made of heat resistant steel.

 Rocker arms 26 and 27 are made of steel.

 Description of the rotary piston engine in statics.

 The engine design comprises an engine housing 1, a rotor 12 with pistons 13, a gas distribution mechanism, a power supply system, an ignition system (for a carburetor ICE), a lubricating fluid, a rotor and housing cooling system.

The housing 1 of the engine is used for installation and fastening of all mechanisms and assembly units. A cylindrical working cavity 2 is made in the housing. The housing covers 3 include housing end caps 3 with bearings 4 for the motor shaft 5. A pair of inlet 6 and 7 and a pair of outlet 8 and 9 windows and a hole 10 in the combustion chamber for the spark plug or nozzle 11 are made in the housing. The windows are made in the form of slots parallel to the axis of the working cavity. The angular distance between adjacent windows is 90 ^o . The hole for the spark plug (nozzle) is made between a pair of inlet and outlet windows from the side of the combustion chamber.

The rotor 12 with four pistons 13 serves to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion of the rotor shaft, which is the motor shaft. The rotor is made in the form of a monolithic, straight cylinder. Inside the rotor and shaft, a through channel 14 is made for cooling and lubricating fluid (oil). In the bearings 4, annular grooves 15 and through holes 16 are made. The grooves 15 communicate with the channel 14. Through holes 16 pass into pipelines to which valves 17 for cooling and lubricating fluid are connected. In addition, in the rotor parallel to its axis, four rectangular slots are made along the radii at angles of 90 ^° to the neighboring one, right through to the channel 14 of the rotor 12.

 Pistons are made in the form of free ends of rectangular plates, which are placed in the slots of the rotor with minimal gaps and the ability to move. The length of the plates (the size along the radius of the rotor) is not less than the depth of the slots, but also not more than the radius of the working cavity of the housing. The width of the plates is equal to the length of the rotor, and their thickness is not less than the width of the inlet and outlet windows, the length of which is less than the width of the plates.

The rotor is placed inside the working cavity of the housing on the bearings of the end caps, so that the axis of the rotor and the working cavity are parallel and not aligned, with the possibility of rotation. The rotor axis is offset toward the combustion chamber by a distance less than the difference between the radii of the working cavity and the rotor. Pistons, ends of the rotor and plates with minimal gaps are adjacent to the inner surface of the working cavity of the housing and form four working cylinders, each of which is limited by a part of the surface of the rotor, between a pair of pistons (plates), the surface of the pistons and a part of the surface of the working cavity bounded by a pair of pistons. The smallest possible volume of each cylinder forms a combustion chamber. Such a volume is created from the side of the minimum gap between the cylindrical surface of the rotor and the working surface of the cavity of the housing when the pair of pistons is at an angular distance of 45 ^o from the plane in which the axes of the rotor and the working cavity lie.

 The gas distribution mechanism carries out timely inlet of combustible mixture or air into the cylinders and exhaust exhaust to the outside. It consists of a camshaft 18, gears 19 and 20 (the ratio of the number of teeth 2: 1) for the camshaft drive, pushers 21, inlet 22 and 23 and exhaust 24 and 25 valves with rods, rocker arms 26 and 27 and springs holding valves in the closed state.

 The power system is used to prepare a combustible mixture and supply it to the cylinders or supply fuel to the cylinders and fill them with air (for diesel).

 The ignition system of the carburetor engine is designed for forced ignition of the working mixture from an electric spark. The diesel engine has no ignition system.

 The lubrication system is designed to supply oil under pressure to the rubbing surfaces of moving parts to reduce friction between them. In the proposed ICE, it is combined with a rotor cooling system.

 The proposed engine operates as follows.

 The procedure for changing four cycles in the engine cylinders for 4 revolutions of the shaft is shown in the table.

 When starting the engine by turning its shaft, centrifugal forces press the pistons against the inner surface of the working cavity of the housing and thereby create four isolated volumes, four cylinders. When the shaft rotates from left to right (Fig. 1), the right valves 22 and 23 are inlet and the left valves 24 and 25 are exhaust.

In the first half-turn of the shaft, the first intake valve 22 is open from 0 to 180 ^o , and the second 23 is open from 90 to 180 ^{o of} rotation of the shaft.

 In the first cylinder, a full inlet occurs, and in the second only half.

In the second half-turn of the shaft, the valve 22 continues to be open up to 360 ^o , the valve 23 remains open also up to 360 ^o . At this time, in the first cylinder begins and ends the compression of the working mixture (180-360 ^o ). In the second cylinder, the inlet ends and compression begins. In the third cylinder, the inlet begins and ends. In the fourth cylinder, the inlet begins.

 In the third half-turn of the shaft, all valves are closed. In the first cylinder, the working mixture in which was ignited at the end of the compression stroke, a full working stroke occurs. In the second cylinder, half the stroke occurs. In the third cylinder, compression ended and ignition of the working mixture occurred. In the fourth cylinder, compression of the working mixture began.

In the fourth half-turn of the shaft, the exhaust valves open: the first 24 from an angle of 540 ^o to 720 ^o , and the second 25 from an angle of 630 ^o to 720 ^o . In the first cylinder, production begins and ends. The second begins the release. In the third, the working stroke begins and ends. In the fourth, the working move begins.

In the fifth half-turn of the shaft, the inlet valves open: 22 from 720 to 900 ^o , and the valve 23 from 810 to 900 ^o . Inlet valves remain open: 24 from 720 to 900 ^o , and valve 25 from 720 to 900 ^o . In the first cylinder, the inlet begins and ends. The second ends the release and the inlet begins. In the third cylinder, release begins and ends. In the fourth, the working stroke ends and the release begins.

With the sixth half-turn of the shaft, the inlet valves 22 and 23 (900-1080 ^o ) remain open. The second exhaust valve 25 remains open from 900 to 990 ^o . The first graduation is closed. In the first cylinder, compression and ignition of the working mixture begin and end. In the second, the inlet ends and compression begins. In the third cylinder, the inlet begins and ends. In the fourth, the release ends and the inlet begins (table).

The table shows that for 1.25 turns of the shaft, four working strokes are made (beginning 360 ^o , and the end 810 ^o ). Each cylinder operates independently in a four-stroke cycle.

 The cooling system and lubrication of the rotor operates as follows. When the rotor rotates, centrifugal forces press the pistons against the surface of the working cavity of the housing, while the plates continuously move in the slots of the rotor, changing the volume of its channel 14. The maximum volume of this channel when the compression stroke ends in one of the cylinders (Fig. 1, first cylinder). In other positions of the rotor, the volume of this channel becomes smaller. With an increase in the volume of the channel, one of the valves 17 working to inlet liquid from the pipeline is triggered; when this volume is reduced, a second valve 17 that works to release liquid from the channel is activated. Thus, cooling and lubricating fluids are driven through the rotor, cooling and lubricating it and the plates.

Claims (2)

1. A rotary piston internal combustion engine comprising a housing with a cylindrical working cavity, a cylindrical rotor with two pistons mounted rotatably in the housing cavity, end caps of the housing with rotor shaft bearings, intake and exhaust valves, and a rotor cooling system with pistons, except moreover, the inlet and outlet windows and the through hole for the spark plug or nozzle through the combustion chamber are made in the housing, characterized in that the engine is additionally equipped with additional inlet and outlet nym valves and a pair of pistons, in addition, the housing further adapted inlet and outlet ports, the rotor is formed as a monolithic, straight cylinder with a channel on its axis at its radially parallel to the axis formed through to channel four slots at angles of 90 ^o to each adjacent slots, the pistons are made in the form of free ends of rectangular plates, which are positioned with minimal gaps in the slots of the rotor with the possibility of movement, and the axes of the working cavity and rotor are parallel and spaced, the pistons, the ends of the rotor and plates with a minimum E gaps adjacent to the inner surface of the working chamber, inside the shaft and bearing has channels for a cooling and lubricating liquids which form a channel from the rotor through the channel input and output of which is connected to the exit and entry of the cooling system and rotor lubrication and pistons.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with two valves for cooling and lubricating fluid, and the output of the cooling system of the rotor and pistons is connected to the input of one valve, the input of the through channel is connected to its output, and the input is connected to the output of the channel another valve.

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