RU2091355C1 - Method of amelioration of the dried iron-accumulated peat soils - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, forestry. SUBSTANCE: method involves addition of clay (400 t/ha), lime (1/2 of hydrolytic acidity) and complete mineral fertilizer at increased dose of potassium and phosphorus to the dried iron-accumulated peat soil. Potassium is added at amount exceeding phosphorus dose by 1.3-1.7-fold. Sulfur is added additionally at the dose 2.0-2.6 t/ha acting substance. Method ensures to increase the yield of agriculture crops by 56-124% as compared with the known method. EFFECT: increased yield, enhanced effectiveness of amelioration. 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to a method for the reclamation of dried ironized peat soils.

 Iron accumulation processes are characteristic of many soil differences, depending on the genesis and hydrological regime. Relative accumulation of iron, mainly in arable horizons, is observed after a relatively short use of peat soils in many regions of the Russian Federation and especially in the European North, both in lowland and transitional peatlands.

 The fermentation of drained peatlands leads to a rapid deterioration in a number of physicochemical parameters of the soil food regime, reduces the efficiency of mineral fertilizers and other cultivation methods, which ultimately leads to degradation of soil fertility and a sharp decrease in the productivity of cultivated crops. Upon reaching a certain stage of soil ironization, their agricultural use becomes economically inexpedient.

 There is a method of reclamation of ferruginous soils, including the application of mineral additives (sand or clay) using high doses of full mineral fertilizer (Sinkevich E.I. The use of mineral soil additives is a complex method to increase the fertility of peat soils. In the book. The effect of land reclamation on the composition and properties of peat soils Petrozavodsk, 1985, p. 38-47).

 However, this method does not provide a sufficient level of increasing yields and growing conditions of crops.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed is a method that includes the simultaneous application of mineral soil in doses of 400-500 m ³ / ha, lime at the rate of 1/2 hydrolytic acidity, as well as the use of high doses of phosphate fertilizers (150-360 kg / ha) ( Emelyanova I. M. Klimenko I. I. Cultivation of peat soils with a high iron content. In the book. Improving the use of reclaimed land in the RSFSR. Scientific works of VNIIMZ, issue IV. Kalinin, 1982, pp. 22-27).

 This method also does not contribute to optimizing the growing conditions of agricultural plants and does not provide maximum growth of their productivity.

 The basis of the invention is the task of creating a more effective method of reclamation of dried ironized soils, which can significantly increase the yield of crops and improve the conditions for their growth.

 In accordance with the invention, this is achieved due to the fact that in the method of reclamation of dried ironized peat soils, including applying clay, lime against the background of a full mineral fertilizer with an increased dose of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer is applied in an amount exceeding the phosphorus dose of 1.3-1, 7 times and additionally contribute sulfur in a dose of 2.0-2.6 t / ha of active substance.

 The essence of the method lies in the fact that clay, lime, and full mineral fertilizer with an increased dose of potassium and phosphorus are added to the dried, ironized peat soil, while potassium is added in an amount exceeding the dose of phosphorus by 1.3-1.7 times, and additionally introduced sulfur in a dose of 2.0-2.6 t / ha of the active substance.

 In ferruginous peaty soil in conditions of abundant water supply, a frequent change of oxidative and reduction processes is observed, as a result of which the content of not only gross, but also mobile iron is increased, which is very toxic for crops. The introduction of sulfur into the soil in the claimed amount allows, on the one hand, to activate the vital activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria that bind toxic ferrous iron to the insoluble compound FeS, which improves plant growth conditions, and on the other hand, sulfur, being an important biogen and an indispensable element of the plant’s mineral nutrition , activates all physiological processes (a component of plant proteins and phytohormones), provides increased yield of agricultural crops tour. At the same time, the soil must have a certain level of sulfur content, since both its excess and its deficiency negatively affect the growth and development of plants. The introduction of sulfur in the soil according to the proposed method in an amount of 2.0 2.6 t / ha will allow to activate microbiological processes, optimize the nutritional regime of soils, which creates favorable conditions for plant growth and development and provides an increase in crop productivity by 56 124% compared with in a known manner.

 The reserves of potassium, one of the main elements of plant nutrition, in peat soils are insufficient, because the content of potassium-containing mineral impurities in them is insignificant, and the organic mass of peat cannot fix the potassium of introduced mineral fertilizers in difficultly hydrolyzed forms. With an increase in agricultural use, fertility degradation occurs due to depletion of the soil potassium reserve. With a decrease in the content of exchange potassium to a certain minimum level, a decrease in yield increases from the application of potash fertilizers is observed in comparison with the initial years of development of peat soils, which creates a false idea of a decrease in the plant's need for potassium. Therefore, often recommended doses of potash fertilizers for crops do not exceed 90 120 kg / ha (prototype).

 The studies revealed that in order to significantly increase the yield of plants on ironized peat soils, along with an increased dose of phosphorus, it is necessary to increase the amount of potassium introduced by 1.3 1.7 times in comparison with an increased dose of phosphorus.

 To test the method, a humus-peaty lowland highly ironic soil typical of Karelia was used, which is characterized by the following agrochemical parameters: water pH 4.90; salt pH 4.22; hydrolytic acidity of 65.6 mg / equiv per 100 g of soil; exchange acidity 4.67. In the gross chemical composition, the predominant ash components are silicon and iron. The content of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur biogens most important for agricultural plants is very low (see Table 1).

 Example 1

Investigated the effective dose of potassium fertilizer. To do this, selected soil samples were passed through a sieve (3 mm), stones, roots and crop residues were removed and moisture, bulk density were determined for the subsequent calculation of the doses of introduced components and water. Then ameliorants were introduced into the soil: clay at the rate of 400 t / ha, lime 1/2 of hydrolytic acidity, mineral fertilizers and sulfur in the form of sulfate salt. In this case, N, K, S were added sequentially in the form dissolved in water, and the total amount of water was taken from the calculation of bringing the soil to an optimum moisture content of 75% of the total moisture capacity. After each application of ameliorant and fertilizer, the soil was thoroughly mixed and used for the growing experiment with varietal barley. Cultivation was carried out in polyethylene vessels with a diameter of 30 cm and a height of 45 cm. Pre-sifted, washed and dried quartz coarse sand with a layer of 10 cm was placed as drainage on the bottom of the vessels. The drainage was separated from the soil with a gauze layer. Sowing was carried out by “bogged down” seeds according to a special pattern. Plant care in the future consisted in maintaining optimal moisture, weeding weeds. The yield was taken into account in the phase of milk ripeness, the entire green mass was cut off for each vessel and weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. The experiment was carried out in 10 variants (the components are added according to the variants in Table 2). As a control, the following was carried out:
growing barley on the soil without the introduction of ameliorants and fertilizers (Control 1);
growing barley on the soil with the introduction of maliorants and fertilizers with different doses of K;
growing barley on soil reclaimed by the prototype method.

 Each option and control were performed in 4-fold repetition. The results are shown in table. 2.

 Analysis of the data given in table. 2 shows that the highest productivity of the action has a dose of potassium, which exceeds the amount of phosphorus introduced by 1.7 times (option N 2), the yield increase in comparison with the control was 41% and 66% compared with the prototype and 1.3 times ( option N 4), where the yield increase compared with the control was 37% and 54% compared with the prototype. A potassium dose is also effective, exceeding the amount of phosphorus added by 1.5 times, even with a decrease in the dose of phosphorus from 180 kg / ha to 120 kg / ha, in this case the increase was 31% compared with the control and 45% compared with the prototype . Therefore, the optimal dose of potassium is the dose exceeding the amount of phosphorus added 1.7 to 1.3 times.

 Example 2

 An effective dose of sulfur in the form of sulfate was studied on a highly ironized, drained peat soil. The preparation, soil cultivation with ameliorants and the subsequent cultivation of barley was carried out analogously to example No. 1. The experiment was carried out in 7 variants (the additives of the components according to the variants are presented in Table 3).

As a control, the following was carried out:
growing barley on the soil without the introduction of ameliorants and fertilizers (Control 1);
growing barley on the soil with the introduction of ameliorants and fertilizers without sulfur;
growing barley on soil reclaimed by the prototype method.

 Analysis of experimental data given in table. 3 showed that sulfur at a dose of 2.0 t / ha and 2.6 t / ha of active substance (option N 4 and N 5) shows the greatest efficiency of action, which is confirmed by the largest increase in yield by 83% and 103%, respectively Control 2 and 107% and 124% compared with the prototype. A dose of sulfur in an amount of 1.4 t / ha of active substance is less effective, as well as a dose of 3.8 t / ha of active substance, reduces the yield increase compared with a dose of 2.0 t / ha and 2.6 t / ha .

 Thus, the above examples 1 and 2 indicate that the inventive method of reclamation of dried ironized peat soils is more effective than the known, as evidenced by the increase in crop productivity by 56 124% compared with the prototype.

Claims (1)

 A method for the reclamation of dried ferruginous peat soils, including the application of clay, lime against the background of a complete mineral fertilizer with an increased dose of phosphorus, characterized in that potassium is added in an amount exceeding the phosphorus dose by 1.3 1.7 times and additionally introduced sulfur in a dose of 2, 0 2.6 t / ha of active ingredient.

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