RU209029U1 - Installation for the production of activated carbon from carbonaceous raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

Installation for the production of activated carbon from carbon-containing raw materials containing 1. Fan, 2. Feed hopper, 6. Furnace, 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing, 18. Water-cooled cooling chamber of the activated carbon unloading unit with a water-cooling system, characterized by 16. Drum loading unit of crushed carbon-containing raw materials, 14. Top loading device drive, enclosed in 15. Top loading device for feeding raw materials for loading initial carbon-containing raw materials into 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing, into which steam is supplied from 7. Steam generator. In the 6. Furnace 12. The pyrolysis gas blower supplies part of the gases for combustion and the heat from combustion is used to heat the raw materials in the 5. Heating chamber mounted inside with a rotating 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas processing with a casing. Rotation 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for gas-vapor processing with a casing is carried out by electromechanical 17. Drive of the pyrolysis column. Combustion products are removed from the 5. Heating chamber with a housing 1. Fan into the 9. Exhaust pipe, while passing through the 7. Steam generator and transferring part of their heat to steam generation. Frame 5. The heating chamber with the body is made of sheet steel and profiled rolled products in the form of angles and channels. The frame in the upper part has removable cross elements from the corners for the possibility of mounting 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for gas-vapor treatment with a casing or dismantling during repairs. Refractory and heat-insulating lining layers 5. Heating chambers with casing are made of modern materials, including fibrous ones. The base unit for assembling and installing 15. Top loading device for supplying raw materials, 5. Heating chambers with a body and other structural elements, as well as for tilting 5. Heating chambers with a body, is a supporting welded 4. Frame. During the operation of the plant, carbon-containing raw materials sequentially pass through all the working cavities of the units mentioned above, turning from wood chips into activated carbon, which is unloaded through the 3. Activated carbon unloading unit. The water cooling system provides water supply to the 18. Water-cooled cooling chamber of the activated carbon unloading unit with a water cooling system for cooling products - activated carbon and pyrolysis gases. When the pyrolysis gases are cooled, high-boiling substances condense into the so-called liquid, which, after 10. The valve for extracting the liquid into a separate container, is removed at 19. A separate container for the liquid, and the gaseous components of the pyrolysis gases are removed through 11. The valve for the selection of pyrolysis gases, into 13. Gas holder. In this case, the cavity 5. The heating chamber with the housing is connected to the cavity of the casing 7. The steam generator, and 3. The activated carbon unloading unit and 18. The water-cooled cooling chamber of the activated carbon unloading unit with a water cooling system, which serve to cool the pyrolysis gases and separate them into volatile and heavy fractions are placed in a casing, covering 8. A cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing from the side of the outlet end, and the cavity of the casing 3. The activated carbon unloading unit is connected with the cavity of the body 6. Furnaces, and 4. The frame is made with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination 5 .Heating chambers with a housing along the longitudinal axes to change the speed of movement of carbonaceous raw materials. 5. The heating chamber with the housing is installed in the direction of the 3. Activated carbon unloading unit at an angle of 4° to 7° below the horizon. In 6. The furnace is sucked in air with an excess coefficient of 1.03-1.06. The temperature in the 5. heating chamber with the housing is maintained in the range of 920-1000ºС. 6. The furnace (combustion chamber) is designed for initial heating, launching the Plant for producing activated carbon from carbon-containing raw materials and further maintaining the temperature regime necessary for steam generation, the pyrolysis process and activation of carbon-containing raw materials. 1 ill.

Description

The intended utility model - Installation for the production of activated carbon from carbon-containing raw materials - relates to the field of production of activated carbon from carbon-containing raw materials.

Known large-scale pyrolysis plant Vyrodov V.A., Kislitsyn A.N., Glukhareva M.I. etc. "Technology of wood-chemical productions". Textbook for universities. M., Timber industry, 1987 as the most efficient at wood chemical plants. The retort is a steel cylinder with an internal diameter of 2.7 m, a useful height of 15:18 m. The retort has an upper loading device for loading wood blocks after preliminary drying, and a conical device for unloading coal at the bottom. The retort has four fittings: for the outlet of the vapor-gas mixture, for introducing the coolant into the retort, for the outlet of gases cooling the coal, and for introducing cold gases into the retort, cooling the coal, and for introducing cold gases into the retort to cool the coal. An inverted cone is installed in the middle of the retort to improve the distribution of the heat carrier in the retort and ensure more uniform calcination of the coal. At a distance of 1.2 m from it, a second cone is installed, from under which the gases that cool the coal and heat up at the same time are discharged by a blower into the furnace. The steel cone, facing downwards, delays and regulates the descent of the central part of the wood column, reduces the pressure on the discharge gate.

However, this unit is designed for industrial processing of specially prepared chocks of the same size (as a rule, their length is 200…300 mm) into charcoal. To work with other, very different sizes of the solid fraction, this installation is not suitable. When working with sawdust and small chips in this installation, there is a frequent "hanging" of raw materials, sticking together into clods, and uneven heating. The reason for such phenomena is the tendency of this raw material to lumpiness, to the formation of "vaults", etc. As a result, poorly controlled technological process and low quality of activated carbon.

Known installation (RU No. 2104926, S01V 31/08, publ. 20.02.1998) for the production of activated carbon from sawdust and small chips, taken as a prototype, including a feed hopper, a pyrolysis column having a vertical rotating shaft, a furnace, a fan and cooling chamber, in the pyrolysis column on a vertical rotating shaft, perforated and non-perforated disks with a sector hole are fixed, dividing the column into technological chambers, including a supply hopper, drying, pyrolysis and cooling chambers of coal and collector gas chambers, between part of the disks and in the supply hopper to the body radial partitions are attached to the column, dividing the space of the process chambers into an equal number of sectors located one below the other, the inlet and outlet gaseous heat agent nozzles are located on the column body between other disks forming the collector chambers, in the supply hopper and in the drying chamber, rippers are attached to the shaft, made in the form of stripes placed at an angle of attack of 0-45° to the horizon, and two sluice gates made in the form of disk sectors, in the drying chamber between the upper limiting disk and the radial partitions on the column body there is a technological hatch, while in the collector chambers the sector openings are framed by shells forming wells that are offset relative to each other around the vertical axis of the column at an angle exceeding the angular size of the sector hole.

The disadvantages of this installation are the complexity of manufacturing, the high capital intensity and the inability to control the processes of pyrolysis and activation, which results in the production of coal of heterogeneous quality.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is a controlled continuous process of pyrolysis and activation of carbon-containing raw materials, including sawdust and small chips, dosed supply of raw materials, maintenance of temperature processes by burning pyrolysis gases, own steam generation, implementation of the process in a continuously mixed horizontal layer and for due to this, obtaining activated carbon of consistently high quality.

An installation for producing activated carbon from carbon-containing raw materials is shown in Fig. 1 where indicated

1. Fan

2. Feed hopper

3. Activated carbon unloading unit

4. Frame

5. Heating chamber with housing

6. Firebox

7. Steam generator

8. Cylindrical steam-gas pyrolysis tower with casing

9. Exhaust pipe

10. Tap for extracting e-liquid into a separate container

11. Valve for the selection of pyrolysis gases

12. Supercharger of pyrolysis gases in the furnace

13. Gas holder

14. Top Loader Drive

15. Top loading device for feeding raw materials

16. Drum unit for loading crushed carbonaceous raw materials

17. Pyrolysis column drive

18. Water-cooled cooling chamber of the activated carbon unloading unit with a water-cooling system

19. Separate container for liquid.

The essence of the Installation for the production of activated carbon from carbonaceous raw materials is illustrated as follows.

Installation for the production of activated carbon from carbon-containing raw materials, containing 1. Fan, 2. Feed hopper, 6. Furnace, 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing, 18. Water-cooled cooling chamber of the activated carbon unloading unit with a water-cooling system, characterized by 16. Drum loading unit for crushed carbon-containing raw materials, 14. Top loading device drive, enclosed in 15. Top loading device for feeding raw materials for loading initial carbon-containing raw materials into 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing, into which steam is supplied from 7. Steam generator.

In the 6. Furnace 12. The pyrolysis gas blower supplies part of the gases for combustion to the furnace and the heat from combustion is used to heat the raw materials in the 5. Heating chamber mounted inside with a rotating 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas processing with a casing.

Rotation 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for gas-vapor processing with a casing is carried out by electromechanical 17. Drive of the pyrolysis column.

Combustion products are removed from the 5. Heating chamber with a housing 1. Fan into the 9. Exhaust pipe, while passing through the 7. Steam generator and giving part of their heat to steam generation.

Frame 5. The heating chamber with the body is made of sheet steel and profiled rolled products in the form of angles and channels. The frame in the upper part has removable cross elements from the corners for the possibility of mounting 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for gas-vapor treatment with a casing or dismantling during repairs.

Refractory and heat-insulating lining layers 5. Heating chambers with casing are made of modern materials, including fibrous ones.

The base unit for assembling and installing 15. Top loading device for supplying raw materials, 5. Heating chambers with a body and other structural elements, as well as for tilting 5. Heating chambers with a body, is a welded support 4. Frame.

During the operation of the plant, carbon-containing raw materials sequentially pass through all the working cavities of the units mentioned above, turning from wood chips into activated carbon, which is unloaded through the 3. Activated carbon unloading unit.

The water cooling system provides water supply to the 18. Water-cooled cooling chamber of the activated carbon unloading unit with a water cooling system for cooling products - activated carbon and pyrolysis gases. When the pyrolysis gases are cooled, high-boiling substances condense into the so-called liquid, which after 10. The valve for extracting the liquid into a separate container is removed at 19. A separate container for the liquid, and the gaseous components of the pyrolysis gases are removed through 11. The valve for the selection of pyrolysis gases in 13. Gas tank.

In this case, the cavity 5. The heating chamber with the housing is connected to the cavity of the casing 7. The steam generator, and 3. The activated carbon unloading unit and 18. The water-cooled cooling chamber of the activated carbon unloading unit with a water cooling system, which serve to cool the pyrolysis gases and separate them into volatile and heavy fractions are placed in a casing, covering 8. A cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing from the side of the outlet end, and the cavity of the casing 3. The activated carbon unloading unit is connected with the cavity of the body 6. Furnaces, and 4. The frame is made with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination 5 .Heating chambers with a housing along the longitudinal axes to change the speed of movement of carbonaceous raw materials.

Additional explanations.

1. Fan - designed to remove combustion products.

2. Feeding hopper - designed for controlled supply of carbonaceous raw materials, which is carried out by rotation of the 16. Drum unit for loading crushed carbonaceous raw materials, 14. The drive of the upper loading device.

3. Activated carbon unloading unit - designed for unloading and cooling of finished activated carbon, as well as for cooling pyrolysis gases, separating them into a volatile fraction (for subsequent combustion) and heavy (so-called liquid), liquid removal through 10. a separate container and removal of the volatile fraction of pyrolysis gases through 11. Pyrolysis gases selection valve in 13. Gas holder.

4. Frame - designed for installation of all components and assemblies, as well as for adjusting the angle of inclination 5. Heating chambers with housing.

5. Heating chamber with casing (with lining) - designed to accommodate 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with casing and its heating.

6. Furnace (combustion chamber) - designed for initial heating, launching the Plant for the production of activated carbon from carbon-containing raw materials and further maintaining the temperature regime necessary for steam generation, the pyrolysis process and activation of carbon-containing raw materials.

7. Steam generator - designed for the production and overheating of steam required for the process of activation of carbonaceous raw materials.

8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for gas-vapor treatment with a casing - designed for direct pyrolysis and activation of carbon-containing raw materials. 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for gas-vapor treatment with casing is driven by 17. Pyrolysis column drive.

9. Exhaust pipe - designed to remove flue gases.

Installation for the production of activated carbon from carbonaceous raw materials operates as follows.

A controlled continuous process of pyrolysis and activation of carbonaceous raw materials, including sawdust and small chips, is carried out by feeding from 2. Feed hopper, 16. Drum loading unit for crushed carbonaceous raw materials, driven by rotation 14. Top loading device drive, enclosed in 15. The top feeder for feeding raw materials, into an 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing, into which steam is supplied from a 7. Steam generator. In the 6. Furnace of the installation 12. The pyrolysis gas blower supplies part of the pyrolysis gases for combustion to the furnace and the heat from combustion is used to heat the raw materials in the 5. Heating chamber mounted inside with a rotating casing 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing. Rotation 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for gas-vapor processing with a casing is carried out by electromechanical 17. Drive of the pyrolysis column. Combustion products are removed from 6. Furnace 1. By a fan into 9. Exhaust pipe, passing through 5. Heating chamber with casing and 7. Steam generator.

Frame 5. The heating chamber with a body in the upper part has removable cross elements from the corners for the possibility of mounting 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing or its dismantling during repairs.

Refractory and heat-insulating lining layers 5. Heating chambers with casing are made of modern materials, including fibrous ones.

The base unit for assembling and installing 16. Drum unit for loading crushed carbon-containing raw materials, 5. Heating chambers with a body and other structural elements, as well as for tilting 5. Heating chambers with a body, is a welded support 4. Frame.

During the operation of the plant, the carbon-containing raw material sequentially passes through all the working cavities of the units mentioned above, turning from wood chips into activated carbon, which is unloaded through the 3. Activated carbon unloading unit.

The water cooling system provides water supply to the 18. Water-cooled cooling chamber of the activated carbon unloading unit with a water cooling system for cooling products - activated carbon and pyrolysis gases. When the pyrolysis gases are cooled, high-boiling substances condense into the so-called liquid, which, after 10. The valve for extracting the liquid into a separate container, is removed at 19. A separate container for the liquid, and the gaseous components of the pyrolysis gases are removed through 11. The valve for the selection of pyrolysis gases, into 13. Gas holder.

The plant for producing activated carbon from carbon-containing raw materials is a continuous operation, since the feedstock loaded into the 2. Feed hopper is rotated 16. By the drum loading unit, crushed carbon-containing raw materials are continuously fed into the rotating 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing. Constantly spilling during the rotation of 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for gas-vapor treatment with pyrolysis casing, carbonaceous raw materials at the same time receive translational movement along its axis. For this purpose, 5. The heating chamber with the housing is installed in the direction 3. of the activated carbon discharge unit at an angle of 4° to 7° below the horizon. Almost the entire 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for gas-vapor treatment with a casing is located in a 5. Heating chamber with a casing. The feedstock, moving in the 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing, from the 16. Drum unit for loading crushed carbon-containing raw materials to the 3. Unit for discharging activated carbon, as it moves, heats up, passing through the stages of pyrolysis, activation under the action of high temperature and overheated water vapor, and, further, it is cooled, passing through 3. The activated carbon unloading unit and 18. The water-cooled cooling chamber of the activated carbon unloading unit with a water cooling system. The resulting pyrolysis gases and reaction products of carbon-containing raw materials with superheated water vapor are removed from 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing through 18. Water-cooled cooling chamber of the activated carbon unloading unit with a water cooling system, through 11. Pyrolysis gas sampling valve in 13. Gas tank.

Part of the pyrolysis gases necessary to ensure the temperature regime is supplied for combustion in the 6. Furnace 12. The pyrolysis gases supercharger in the furnace.

To ensure the completeness of combustion in 6. The furnace is sucked in air with an excess coefficient of 1.03-1.06. The temperature in the 5. heating chamber with the housing is maintained in the range of 920-1000°C. The quality of activated carbon is ensured by the temperature regime, supply of superheated water vapor to the pyrolysis and activation zone, controlled residence time of carbon-containing raw materials in 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for gas-vapor treatment with a casing, determined by the rotation speed 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for gas-vapor treatment with a casing and an angle of inclination 8. Cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a shell from 4° to 7° below the horizon towards 3. Activated carbon unloading unit and the process is carried out in a continuously mixed horizontal layer.

Due to the design of the utility model (Fig. 1), the steam-gas method of activation of carbon-containing raw materials and the implementation of the process in a continuously mixed horizontal layer, activated carbon of a consistently high quality is obtained.

Claims (1)

Installation for the production of activated carbon from carbon-containing raw materials, containing a fan, a feed hopper, a furnace, a cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing, a water-cooled cooling chamber for an activated carbon unloading unit with a water cooling system, characterized by a drum loading unit for crushed carbon-containing raw materials, an upper loading device drive, enclosed in the upper loading device for supplying raw materials for loading the initial carbon-containing raw materials into a cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing, into which superheated water vapor is supplied to the pyrolysis and activation zone from the steam generator, and a part of the gases for combustion is supplied to the furnace by the pyrolysis gases blower, for to ensure the completeness of combustion, air is sucked in with an excess coefficient of 1.03-1.06 and the heat from combustion is used to heat the raw material in a heating chamber mounted inside with a body of a rotating cylindrical column of pyro lyse for steam-gas treatment with a casing, maintaining the temperature regime in the range of 920-1000 ° C, necessary for steam generation, the pyrolysis process and activation of carbon-containing raw materials, and the rotation of the cylindrical pyrolysis column for gas-vapor treatment with a casing is carried out by an electromechanical drive of the pyrolysis column, and the combustion products are removed from heating chamber with a fan housing into the exhaust pipe, while passing through the steam generator and giving off part of its heat for steam generation, the frame of the heating chamber with the housing is made of sheet steel and profiled rolled products in the form of angles and channels, the frame in the upper part has removable transverse elements from the angles for the possibility of mounting a cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing or dismantling during repairs, the refractory and heat-insulating layers of the lining of the heating chamber with the casing are made of modern materials, including fibrous, the base unit, which serves to assemble and install the top load The main device for supplying raw materials, a heating chamber with a housing and other structural elements, as well as for tilting the heating chamber with a housing, is a supporting welded frame, during the operation of the plant, carbon-containing raw materials sequentially pass through all the working cavities of the above-mentioned units, turning from wood chips into activated carbon , unloaded through the activated carbon unloading unit, and the water cooling system provides water supply to the water-cooled cooling chamber of the activated carbon unloading unit with a water cooling system, to cool the products - activated carbon and pyrolysis gases, when pyrolysis gases are cooled, high-boiling substances condense into the so-called liquid, which through the valve for extracting the liquid into a separate container, it is removed into a separate container for the liquid, and the gaseous components of the pyrolysis gases are removed through the valve for the selection of pyrolysis gases into the gas tank, while the cavity of the heating chamber with the housing is connected to the cavity of the casing of the steam generator, and the unloading unit and activated carbon and a water-cooled cooling chamber of the activated carbon unloading unit with a water-cooling system, which are used to cool the pyrolysis gases and separate them into volatile and heavy fractions, are located in a casing that encloses a cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing from the side of the outlet end, and the cavity of the casing the activated carbon unloading unit communicates with the cavity of the furnace body, and the frame is configured to change the angle of inclination of the heating chamber with the housing along the longitudinal axes towards the activated carbon unloading unit at an angle of four to seven degrees below the horizon to change the speed of movement and control the residence time of carbonaceous raw materials , which, constantly pouring in a continuously mixing horizontal layer during the rotation of the cylindrical pyrolysis column for steam-gas treatment with a casing, at the same time receives translational movement along its axis to ensure a consistently high quality a activated charcoal.

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