RU208964U1 - Vibrating separator for sorting municipal solid waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of municipal solid waste (MSW) processing. The vibration separator for sorting solid municipal waste has a box installed at an angle to the horizon with a vibration exciter 4 fixed on it. The box is equipped with a screening surface formed by grate bars 6, 7 cantilevered on transverse support beams 5. The beams are fixed in parallel rows between the side boards 1, 2 corps. The first section of the screening surface has grates in the form of plates 6 arranged in a checkerboard pattern, tapering towards the free end. the first section. The grates 6, 7 of both sections are installed at an angle to the plane of the transverse beams 5. The angle of inclination of the grates of both sections is selected from the condition of ensuring the braking of the processed material when moving along the screening surface. The best result is achieved when the transverse support beams of both sections lie in the same plane and the angle of inclination of the grate bars of both sections to the plane of the transverse beams is equal to the angle of inclination of this plane to the horizon. The separator ensures the separation of the waste stream into three fractions - wet biodegradable organic matter; dry clean secondary raw materials with a particle size of less than 250 mm; dry clean secondary raw materials with a particle size of more than 250 mm.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of municipal solid waste (MSW) processing and can be used at waste processing plants and municipal solid waste reloading enterprises (transfer stations) that pre-sort waste.

US Pat. No. 5,108,589 describes a vibratory separator device, the screening surface of which consists of stepped grates arranged in a single cage. Gaps are formed between the grates. The grate is made in the form of trapezoidal plates bent down towards the discharge end of the box. The plates of adjacent steps are arranged with a shift in the transverse direction, that is, they are arranged in a checkerboard pattern. This design prevents clogging of the screening surface. The separation of the material is carried out to a greater extent by fineness, to a lesser extent - by elastic properties.

The vibrating grate described in EP 0815956 is a modification of the solution according to US 5108589. The screening surface consists of rows of flat trapezoidal plates (fingers) separated by gaps and staggered. The difference is that metal plates are welded under each grate, forming a vertical wedge to prevent lateral movement of material under the fingers.

The advantage of the screening surface of the screen according to patent EP 0815956 is that the wedges prevent the large fraction from getting under the plates and getting stuck in the space between the grates. Thus, clogging of the screening surface is prevented, and the “pulling” of the coarse fraction into the underscreen product is prevented.

A feature of this design is the high rigidity and weight of the grate. The result of this is a drawback - the decisive feature in the separation of MSW is the size of the material, and not the elastic properties, which is not quite suitable for solving the problem of separating MSW into "business" (dry clean secondary raw materials) and "non-business" (wet biodegradable organic matter) fractions.

Patent EP 1905519 describes a vibrating screen, the screening surface of which is formed by stepped rows of trapezoidal flat grates installed in a checkerboard pattern. Under the rows of grate plates are installed, repeating the shape of the grate. In this case, the plates have the ability to move in the grooves perpendicular to the movement of the material relative to the upper rows of grates.

The advantage of this design of the screening surface is the ability to adjust the width of the discharge openings without resorting to disassembly. This saves time for changing the screening surface and allows you to adapt to different particle sizes of the material.

The disadvantages are:

- if one of the grate breaks in a row, it is necessary to replace the entire row;

- small relative size of the cross section of the through holes. It is difficult to separate the material by elasticity into the undersize product.

In the screens according to the patents described above (US 5108589, EP 0815956, EP 1905519) a common design feature is implemented: the cantilever plates (grate bars) forming the working surface are bent and oriented parallel to the material movement plane, that is, the material slides freely over them without encountering obstacles on its way. This decision is dictated by the desire to facilitate self-cleaning of the working surface, to prevent its clogging. The disadvantage of such designs is that the material slides too quickly on the inclined grate, the screening efficiency may be insufficient.

US Pat. No. 5,322,170 proposes a device for performing two functions - sorting and deconsolidation of compacted MSW. The design is based on a vibrating screen, in which several tiered rows of cantilevered metal rod grates oriented in a horizontal plane are used as a screening surface. When the device is in operation and MSW gets on the flexible and elastic grate, they vibrate in the vertical plane, which leads to loosening of the compacted material and separation of large pieces of MSW from the soil, organic residues, etc. Thus, large fragments are broken into pieces and moved along the rods to the upper product, and small components of MSW, soil and other bulk components enter the lower class.

Depending on the speed of rotation of the vibration exciter, the frequency and amplitude of oscillations of the free ends of the rods change. The grates can be arranged either parallel to the base or inclined towards the discharge side, depending on the required material transfer speed.

The advantages of the device are:

- the ability to break caked solid municipal waste;

- the possibility of replacing individual grates, in case of damage. This is especially true of the top row, which most perceives the load from the supply of material;

- thanks to the vibrational principle of operation and the smooth cylindrical shape of the rods, this device is practically not subject to clogging with material.

The disadvantages include the fact that on this device it is impossible to effectively separate MSW into “business” and “non-business” fractions. Such devices have significant restrictions on the size of the feedstock. The grate rods must have a sufficiently large cross section for mechanical reliability, and this, in turn, leads to a small amplitude of the grate oscillations and the absence of the effect of grate self-cleaning from adhering wet and film materials present in MSW.

The vibrating screen for sorting municipal solid waste described in patent RU 2484905 was chosen as a prototype. The screen (separator) has a vibration exciter for setting forced vibrations mounted on a box. Inside the box, a screening surface is installed, formed by grates, cantilevered on transverse support beams, fixed in parallel rows between the sides of the body. The screening surface has grates in the form of plates arranged in a checkerboard pattern tapering to the free end, fixed at an angle to the plane of the transverse beams in such a way that in working condition, when the box is set at an angle to the horizon, horizontal tiers are formed. In the context of this application, the angle of inclination of the separator means the angle of inclination of the plane of the transverse beams. The physical parameters of the plates are selected in such a way as to ensure the frequency of free oscillations of the elements, corresponding to the condition 1.05 fv ≤ fc ≤ 1.20 fv, where fc is the frequency of free vibrations of the cantilever element, fv is the frequency of forced vibrations of the cantilever element. When loading the initial solid domestic waste onto the separator, they move from the loading zone towards the unloading zone under the action of vibration and gravity, sequentially moving from one tier to another, on each of which the waste is subjected to the impact of vibrating grates, causing loosening of the material. As a result, the elastic components are separated from the wet plastic ones, bounce off the vibrating surfaces of the grates, reach the unloading zone and go into the top screening product. Wet plastic components pass through the gaps between the grates and fall into the under-grate space, leaving for the bottom screening product. Thus, the separation of the initial MSW into “business” and “non-business” fractions is ensured.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that it is able to separate the incoming material into only two products: a wet plastic fraction containing biodegradable waste, and dry recycled materials.

The utility model is based on the task of expanding the arsenal of tools and creating a vibrating MSW separator, which ensures the separation of the waste stream into three fractions, the processing of which separately will maximize the quality and productivity of all subsequent operations. These fractions are: wet biodegradable organics, dry clean secondary raw materials with a particle size of less than 250 mm, dry clean secondary raw materials with a particle size of more than 250 mm. Achievable technical result of the utility model - providing the possibility of obtaining a third product.

The problem is solved by changing the design of the separator.

The inventive vibration separator for sorting municipal solid waste has a box mounted at an angle to the horizon with a vibration exciter attached to it. The box is equipped with a screening surface formed by grates, cantilevered on the transverse support beams. The beams are fixed in parallel rows between the side walls of the hull. In this case, the first section of the screening surface has grates in the form of plates arranged in a checkerboard pattern tapering towards the free end, fixed at an angle to the plane of the transverse beams. It differs from the prototype in that the screening surface is provided with a second section located after said first section. The grates of the second section are also cantilevered on the transverse support beams and have the form of rods installed at an angle to the plane of the transverse beams of the second section with the formation of constant width gaps between the rods, exceeding the maximum width of the gap between the grates of the described first section.

The angle of inclination of the grates of both sections is selected from the condition of ensuring the reduction in the speed of the processed material when moving along the screening surface.

The angle of inclination to the horizon of the plane of the transverse beams of the first section may differ from the angle of inclination of the plane of the arrangement of the transverse beams of the second section.

The best result is achieved when the transverse support beams of both sections lie in the same plane and the angle of inclination of the grate of both sections to the plane of the transverse beams is equal to the angle of inclination of this plane to the horizon.

As a non-limiting example, a preferred embodiment of a separator with a screening surface having two different sections in design and function is described below. The example is illustrated by schematic drawings showing the cage (frame and vibration isolators not shown): FIG. 1 is a plan view of the separator, FIG. 2 - longitudinal section.

The design has a box with side boards 1 and 2, board 3 on the loading side and open on the unloading side. The box is equipped with a vibration exciter 4, which informs the box of orbital vibrations in the vertical plane. The box is equipped with transverse support beams 5, fixed in parallel rows on the side walls 1 and 2. The screening surface is formed by grates, cantilevered on the support beams 5 and has two functional sections, designated in the Figures as "section 1" and "section 2". The grates 6 of section 1 are made in the form of plates tapering towards the free end (the maximum width of the gap is between the free ends of the plates) and fixed on adjacent support beams in a checkerboard pattern. Grid-irons 7 of section 2 are made in the form of cylindrical or rectangular rods. The loose ends of the grates 6 and 7 are directed towards the discharge of the separator. The box is set at an angle of 30° to the horizon and this angle is equal to the angle of inclination to the horizon of the plane of the transverse beams 5 of both sections.

In a particular case, the angle of inclination of the grates 6 and 7 of both sections to the plane of the transverse beams may be equal to the angle of inclination of this plane to the horizon.

Thus, the grate, as in the prototype, form horizontal tiers that make up the working surface of the separator. Since the grates 7 are made in the form of parallel rods, the gaps between the grates of section 2 have a constant width, and this width exceeds the maximum width of the gap between the grates of section 1 to ensure the output of the third separation product, represented by large secondary raw materials.

Vibration exciter 4 is located in the area of the junction of the sections. As in the prototype, the physical parameters of the grate are selected in such a way as to ensure the frequency of free vibrations of the elements corresponding to the condition 1.05fv≤fc≤1.20fv, where fc is the frequency of free vibrations of the grate, fv is the frequency of forced vibrations of the grate. The angle of inclination of the grate may be a few degrees more or less than the angle of inclination of the plane of the transverse beams. In this case, tiers inclined to the horizon are formed. This condition is determined by the technological regimes, the predominant composition, the state (humidity) of municipal waste and other processing conditions.

The separator works as follows. When loading the initial solid municipal waste, under the action of vibration and gravity, they move along the first section with grates 6 from the loading zone towards the separator unloading zone, sequentially moving from one tier to another, on each of which the waste is subjected to the impact of vibrating grates. As a result of this, the elastic components are separated from the wet and plastic, bounce off the vibrating surfaces of the grate, reach the exit and go into the oversize screening product. And wet and plastic components pass through the gaps between the grate 6 and fall into the space under the grate, passing into the under grate screening product. In the process of moving along the surface of the separator, the material is loosened by grates located horizontally, that is, at an angle to the plane of MSW movement. Next, the elastic components enter section 2 with grates 7 with a gap of constant width, for example 250 mm, which is greater than the maximum width of the gap between the grates 6, and on the grates 7 the small elastic components are separated into the undersize product. Large components remain in the oversize product and exit from the separator discharge zone. The horizontal arrangement of the grates (a deviation of several degrees is possible), as in the prototype, somewhat slows down the movement of MSW along the screening surface, increasing the residence time of the material on it, which in turn increases the efficiency of screening at a given angle of inclination of the screen.

Thus, the proposed device, in fact, is a combination into a single design of two consecutive screens, which allows you to separate MSW into three fractions: wet biodegradable organic matter; dry clean secondary raw materials with a particle size of less than 250 mm; dry clean secondary raw materials with a particle size of more than 250 mm. This is an advantage in relation to the prototype having only one section, and in which the separation, respectively, occurs only in two fractions.

Claims (2)

1. A vibration separator for sorting solid municipal waste, having a box installed at an angle to the horizon with a vibration exciter fixed on it, the box is equipped with a screening surface formed by grates, cantilevered on transverse support beams fixed in parallel rows between the side walls of the housing, while the screening section surface has grates in the form of plates arranged in a checkerboard pattern tapering to the free end, fixed at an angle to the plane of the transverse beams, characterized in that the screening surface is equipped with a second section located after the first section, while the grates of the second section are cantilevered on the transverse support beams and have the form of rods installed at an angle to the plane of the transverse beams of the second section with the formation between the rods of gaps of constant width exceeding the maximum width of the gap between the grates of the described lane howling section. 2. Vibrating separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse support beams of both sections lie in the same plane and the angle of inclination of the grate of both sections to the plane of the transverse beams is equal to the angle of inclination of this plane to the horizon.

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