RU2088927C1 - Method and device for controlling sugar quantity in human blood in cases of diabetes mellitus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves measuring reactive resistance of oscillation circuit in secondary circuits of high frequency generator by means of direct human action applied to oscillation circuit members. Sugar quantity in human blood is controlled using secondary circuits current increment values. The device has transducer designed as frequency generator having two secondary windings L2 and L3 loaded by oscillation circuit galvanically connected to them. Each oscillation circuit has inductance coils L4 and L5, main capacitors C10 and C12, tuning capacitors C11 and C13 and sensory member of RR-DR for human action to be applied, and analyzer unit designed as measuring bridge formed by secondary windings, frequency generator and oscillation circuit having measuring member M included into its diagonal. The sensory member is designed as capacitor DR with inductance coil DI. The frequency generator excites oscillations in frequency band width of 7.4-10 MHz. A person presses DR (or DI) with finger and changes reactive resistance of oscillation circuit creating in this way measuring bridge arm impedance mismatch so that corresponding change in current flowing through it is recorded with member M which scale is graded in absolute or relative units of sugar contents. Measurements are made without taking blood samples (atraumatic) to eliminate the eventual blood infection of both patient and medical personnel (among others, AIDS infection). EFFECT: small size; usability by patient. 9 cl, 14 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to medicine, namely to equipment and technology for monitoring the amount of sugar in human blood and can be used both individually and in laboratory conditions. Particularly acute is the issue of controlling the amount of sugar in human blood when it is necessary to constantly monitor the blood sugar of people with diabetes mellitus, when the possibility of obtaining information about the sugar content in their blood at any time allows correct and urgent measures to exclude the possibility of rapid deterioration human health and the more likely the death.

 All control methods known to the authors are based on their implementation using blood samples taken from humans. When taking a blood sample, an injury is inflicted on a person in all cases (an injection for sampling), which can also cause infection for both the patient and medical personnel, including AIDS.

 The closest in content and efficiency to the proposed method is a method of controlling the amount of sugar in a person’s blood, according to which a blood sample is first taken, and then, using a special device, measurements and analysis of the amount of sugar in the blood are carried out by applying blood samples to the indicator strips and examining these strips in a special analyzer. This method and device for its implementation are described in the brochure of the Austrian Bayer form (Bayer Austria Gesels haft m.b. H. Business Group Diagnostiss) under the name Glucometer G.X.

 The advantages of the known method are its high accuracy and relatively high efficiency.

 The disadvantages are common with other methods known to the authors: mandatory trauma to the patient being examined with a needle and the possibility of infection of the patient and medical staff when taking a blood sample, the inability to self-control.

 The aim of the invention is to eliminate the need for personal injury (non-invasiveness) and the possibility of infection of control participants, as well as accelerate the receipt of reliable information about blood sugar and the implementation of self-control.

 The invention is based on the idea of the interaction of the capacitive component of human blood with the reactance of the secondary circuits of a high-frequency (HF) generator, into which oscillatory circuits are introduced that have natural frequencies that differ from the frequency of the generator.

 It was experimentally established that during this interaction a mismatch is introduced into the secondary circuits, causing a change in the reactance mentioned above, and the magnitude of this change is proportional to the change in the sugar content in human blood.

 Thus, it was found that a change in the sugar content in human blood causes a proportional change in the capacitive component of his blood, which leads to a change in the degree of mismatch, which manifests itself in a change in the currents flowing in the secondary circuits. By measuring these currents with an indicator calibrated, for example, in appropriate units of sugar content in human blood, it is possible to monitor this content. The interaction of the capacitive component of human blood with the reactance of the above secondary circuits in the general case can be carried out by direct contact (touch) of a part of the human body (for example, the pads of his finger) with one of the elements of the secondary circuits, made accordingly. With this contact, the natural frequencies of the oscillatory circuits (secondary circuits of the RF generator containing the oscillatory circuits) change, which leads to the imbalance of the measuring bridge, consisting of the above elements.

 In FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating the principle of the proposed method; in FIG. 2 is a general diagram of a device for implementing the proposed method using a capacitive sensor; in FIG. 3 is a diagram of a node II ′ introduced into the circuit of FIG. 2 instead of node II, when using an inductive sensor; in FIG. 4 is a diagram of a node I ′ introduced into the circuit of FIG. 2 instead of node I when using quartz stabilization of the frequency of the RF generator (the interchangeable nodes II 'and II-II' in Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are "limited" by dashed lines and arrows are placed on them ->, indicating the directions of their movement upon interchange); in FIG. 5 is a bridge diagram of a device for controlling the amount of sugar in human blood, stylized as a standard bridge to simplify the perception of the essence of the proposed method; in FIG. 6 graphs of the frequency characteristics of the oscillatory circuits powered by the RF generator and included in the bridge circuit (Fig. 2 and 5), in the absence of human interaction with the sensor; in FIG. 7 graphs of FIG. 6 at the time of human interaction with the sensor; in FIG. 8 design variant of a capacitive sensor (plan view of the working surface, i.e. the surface for contact with a finger); in FIG. 9, section AA in FIG. eight; in FIG. 10 section BB in FIG. 9; in FIG. 11 the proposed device at the time of interaction with the finger of a person; in FIG. 12 14 options for measuring the indicator scale.

 In the drawings, standardized designations of electronic circuit elements used in the domestic technical literature are used, for example, active resistances R, reactive L, capacitive C, VD zener diodes and diodes, VT transistor valve, etc. with the corresponding digital indexes of the application sequence in the schemes.

In addition, the drawings indicate (in the order of the numbering of the figures) I HDI - one high-frequency source (RF generator); 2 ИВЧ + Кс, source I ИВЧ with two oscillatory circuits capacitive Кс or with inductive Кх introduced into his circuit; capacitive sensors Ds or inductive Df, human finger IF, interacting with the I-IIH or through the "chain" D _c → 2-IHF + K _c → I-IHF or D ₄ → 2-IHF + K _h → I-IHF AND indicator unbalance bridge.

а U₁ и U₂-плечи моста, представляющие собой две вторичные обмотки ВЧ-генератора, нагруженные выпрямителями моста. Они же являются питающими элементами моста (измерительной части моста). При этом, по аналогии с z₁ и z₂

где η доля R₆ в U_z1 и (1-h) доля R₆ в U_z2.According to the diagrams of FIG. 2 and 5, the vector reactances Z ₁ and Z _{2 of the} oscillatory circuits on the measuring part of the bridge are formed by the sums of the resistances of the following elements:

and U ₁ and U _{2 are the} shoulders of the bridge, which are two secondary windings of the RF generator, loaded with bridge rectifiers. They are also the feeding elements of the bridge (measuring part of the bridge). Moreover, by analogy with z ₁ and z ₂

where η is the fraction of R ₆ in U _z1 and (1-h) is the fraction of R ₆ in U _z2 .

это f_r1 и f_r2 при воздействии человека на контуры.Other designations in the drawings:
U-voltage (Fig. 2,6 and 7). B is the intersection point of the graphs of functions U = Φ (f), on the line of the generator supply frequency f _r , f _r1 , f _r2 are the resonant frequencies of the first and second oscillatory circuits (when their natural frequencies coincide with the supply frequency);

it is f _r1 and f _r2 when a person acts on the contours.

то же при воздействии человека на контуры;
B' положение точки В при воздействии человека;
B" и B''' соответственно точки пересечения графиков с ординатой f_r, являющиеся искомыми для измерения разбаланса моста;
ΔU₀₁,ΔU₀₂ Ukr1 и Ukr2 на фиг. 6 и соответствующие им обозначения со штрихом (например

) показывают соответствующие напряжения для графиков до взаимодействия и при взаимодействии контуров с человеком;
Δf₁ и Δf₂ горизонтальные сдвиги ординат f_r1 и f_r2 при взаимодействии контуров с человеком (Δf₁ > Δf₂ вследствие "запаздывания" изменения частотной характеристики первого контура по отношению к изменению такой характеристики второго контура);
Ж, З и К на фиг.12 соответственно желтый, зеленый и красный участки варианта шкалы индикатора, т.е. гипоглюкемия-норма-гиперглюкемия.Δ _2-1 the voltage difference on the circuits before exposure to a person;

the same with human exposure to the contours;
B 'position of point B when exposed to humans;
B "and B ''', respectively, the points of intersection of the graphs with the ordinate f _r , which are the desired to measure the imbalance of the bridge;
ΔU ₀₁ , ΔU ₀₂ Ukr1 and Ukr2 in FIG. 6 and their corresponding notation with a prime (e.g.

) show the corresponding stresses for the graphs before the interaction and during the interaction of the contours with the person;
Δf ₁ and Δf _{2 the} horizontal shifts of the ordinates f _r1 and f _r2 during the interaction of the circuits with the person (Δf ₁ > Δf ₂ due to the "delay" of the change in the frequency response of the primary circuit with respect to the change of such a characteristic of the secondary circuit);
G, Z and K in Fig. 12, respectively, the yellow, green and red sections of the indicator scale variant, i.e. hypoglucemia-norm-hyperglucemia.

 On the scale of FIG. 14, the numbers indicate the blood sugar in mg / l, respectively, the interval 3-4 _ → 110-130, i.e. normal condition; interval 7-9 -L 240-270-hyperglucemia; 2 hypoglucemia.

 The notation in FIG. 13 are obvious from the drawing.

 The method of controlling the amount of sugar in human blood according to the present invention is as follows.

или индуктивности

которые выполняют роль емкостного (D_C) или индуктивного (D_L) датчиков, с которыми при измерении контактирует (взаимодействует) палец человека (фиг.1 и 11).By means of a high frequency generator (HF generator), electromagnetic waves are excited in the oscillatory circuits included in the secondary (output) circuits of the HF generator in the form of adjacent bridge arms (Fig. 5) with reactances Z ₁ and Z ₂ . In the General case, each oscillatory circuit consists of interconnected inductances L ₄ , L ₅ , the main C ₁₀ , C ₁₂ and tuning C ₁₁ , C ₁₃ capacities (figure 2 and 3). Remote tanks should also be included in the shoulders of the bridge.

or inductance

which play the role of capacitive (D _C ) or inductive (D _L ) sensors with which the finger of a person contacts (interacts) during measurement (Figs. 1 and 11).

 The preferred number of secondary circuits with oscillatory circuits is two, as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3.

this allows you to implement the method with simpler technical means with the required measurement accuracy. Each oscillating circuit is tuned to its own frequency, which differs from the frequency of the RF generator f _r by a certain value Δf _r .

 The adjustment is carried out by means of, for example, trimers (“mallets” in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4), thereby achieving the functional state of the tuned electronic system, which is reflected in FIG. 6. Point B in this figure corresponds to a “zero” indicator, ie to a minimum of its sensitivity. Actually, the measurement is carried out by touching the pads of a person’s finger to the sensor (light finger pressing).

.With the introduction of a human finger into the system of remote capacitors (or inductances), the natural frequency of the circuits decreases and the complex resistance of the bridge arms containing circuits changes, which manifests itself in a change in the current flowing in them. In the graphs of FIG. 7, this is reflected in the fact that the curves K ₁ and K ₂ are shifted to the left by Δf ₁ and Δf ₂ with respect to the positions of these graphs in FIG. 6 and, accordingly, down to

.

It is preferable to use a finger on the container (option with sensors D _c ), since it has been experimentally established that this provides more stable results.

 It has been experimentally determined that the best results are achieved when the HF generator excites frequencies in the range of 7.5-10 MHz. At a lower frequency, the sensitivity of the method (device) is insufficient, and at a higher frequency, an excessive increase in sensitivity is observed, which leads to interference in the measurements.

The desired value, in this case, fixed by the indicator, is the current value due to the voltage difference U ₂ -U ₁ , i.e. the voltage difference on the circuits, at the points B "and B '''of the intersection of the graph branches with the ordinate of the natural frequency of the RF generator. The method for controlling the amount of sugar in human blood described above is implemented in devices, the examples of which are illustrated in Fig. 2 and 3. By means of the device figure 4 provides increased stability of the measurement results due to the use of quartz stabilization.

 Below is described the most preferred embodiment of the device (device), based on the use of a capacitive type sensor (Fig. 2, 8, 9, and 10).

The device consists of an RF generator, including primary G ₁ and secondary G ₂ circuits (Fig. 2) with oscillating circuits introduced into the secondary circuits, a sensor Дс in the circuit Г ₃ and a current indicator I. The circuit diagram of the connection is shown in Fig. 2. Structural for the sensor of FIG. 8, 9 and 10.

As indicated in the description of the method, the node II of such a device when using an inductive sensor D _L (Fig.3) is replaced by a node II '. In order to improve the quality (due to stability) in the described device, the node I can be replaced by the node I '(figure 4).

The sensor consists of two upper capacitor plates 1, 2 (Fig. 8), one common lower capacitor plate 3, a dielectric 4 and conductors 5, 6, 7, galvanically connected to the plates 1, 2 and 3. The upper plates 1 and 2 are made in in the form of combs with end parts rounded by a common radius R _d (Fig. 8), between which there is an air (dielectric) gap 8. The lower plate 3 is separated from the plates 1, 2 by similar gaps 9 and 10, respectively. Conductors 5, 6, and 7 are used for galvanic communication with the conductors of the node G ₃ (figure 2). The wiring diagram is not given. A 9 volt cell, for example, of the Krona type, is used as a constant voltage source.

The device is a box 11 (11), in which a circuit 2 is mounted, equipped with a dial indicator And, the design options of which are described above. In the case of the execution of the sensitive element in the form of inductance D _L (figure 3), the overall design of the device does not change. The sensitive element in this case is made in the form of two coils interconnected (diagram in Fig. 3, design not shown).

 The device operates as follows.

 In the factory, with the help of trimmers, the device is configured so that the graphs of the frequency characteristics of the oscillatory circuits correspond to Fig.6, after which the device arrives at the consumer. During use, the device is powered from the source U by the switch (figure 2). When the device is turned on, a person who needs to determine the amount of sugar in his blood, finger tightly touches the sensor Дс (figures 1 and 11), as a result of which the capacitance of the capacitors changes, i.e. reactance of all the circuits at once and, therefore, the current flowing in them changes in all secondary circuits, which is detected by the indicator by deflecting its arrow by a certain angle. As noted above, the device can be scored for a specific person, which he can do himself by donating blood for analysis to the laboratory of a medical institution, while recording the readings of a dial indicator. According to the authors, the accuracy of such calibration differs by no more than 8% from laboratory data.

 When creating the present method and device for its implementation, the authors did not seek to achieve particularly high measurement accuracy; for people with diabetes, absolute numbers, for example 8 or 10 mmol / l (144-180 mg / l), do not play a special role, the main thing for him to be able at any time of the day promptly, without the help of others and without risking to be infected, to receive information about deviations of the sugar content in their own blood in one direction or another in order to make the right decision in critical situations. Of course, this procedure can be performed with the help of another person providing medical assistance to a patient with diabetes.

Claims (9)

 1. A method of controlling the amount of sugar in the blood of a person suffering from diabetes mellitus, including measuring and analyzing, characterized in that the measurement is carried out by changing the reactance of the oscillatory circuits included in the secondary circuits of a high-frequency generator (RF generator) by a person directly affecting the elements of the oscillatory circuits, while the amount of sugar in the blood is controlled by the change in current in the secondary circuits of the RF generator.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactance of the oscillatory circuits of the secondary circuits of the RF generator is changed by human exposure to the capacitive elements of these circuits.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactance of the circuits of the secondary circuits of the RF generator is changed by human exposure to the inductive elements of these circuits.  4. The method according to PP.1 to 3, characterized in that through the RF generator excite oscillations with a frequency of 7.5 to 10 MHz.  5. The method according to PP.1 to 4, characterized in that the reactance is changed in all oscillatory circuits simultaneously.  6. A device for monitoring blood sugar in humans, comprising a sensor and an analyzer, characterized in that the sensor is made in the form of an RF generator with at least two secondary windings loaded with oscillatory circuits galvanically connected to it, each oscillatory circuit having the circuit is a sensitive element of reactance for acting on this element of a person, and the analyzer is made in the form of a measuring bridge formed by the secondary windings of the RF generator and oscillatory circuits, in the onal of which the measuring element is included.  7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the sensing element in the circuit of each of the oscillatory circuits is made in the form of an inductance.  8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the sensing element in the circuit of each of the oscillatory circuits is made in the form of a capacitance.  9. The device according to PP.6 to 8, characterized in that the sensitive elements of reactance in the circuits of the oscillatory circuits are interconnected.

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