RU2086841C1 - Sealing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion rotor engines, compressors, pumps, flow meters, dampers and other devices requiring reliable sealing of working chambers with rectangular, trapezium-shaped, semi-round, round and other profiles. SUBSTANCE: sealing has at least three sealing members 1, 2, 3 placed in blade of rotor machine and engaging through end face surfaces. One of sealing members can be made spring or split to press other members both to each other and to surfaces to be sealed. Use of spring member makes it possible to make all sealing members rigid which are easy to manufacture, and use of spring member together with spring sealing member makes it possible to increase thickness of the latter, thus increasing area of contact with surface to be sealed. EFFECT: reduced losses of working medium in working chamber of different machines with resulting increase in efficiency, reduced number of sealing arrangements required for use in some machines, reduced friction losses, simplified design, reduced vibrations, centrifugal and other forces which lead to development of clearances in operation. 11 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular, to seal designs for hydraulic, pneumatic engines, pumps, flow meters of internal combustion engines, etc. Sealing can be used in various devices with a profile of the working chamber of various shapes (square, rectangular, trapezoidal, semicircular, round, etc.).

 A seal of a rotary internal combustion engine is known, comprising a self-expanding sealing plate interacting along an oblique line with two other sealing parts.

 Known seal rotary ICE containing split sealing and wedge wedge-shaped plates that are spring-tightened to the first.

 Also known is the radial seal of a rotary ICE containing a sealing and support plate in the form of a wedge.

 It is known to seal a rotary machine containing a set of sealing elements interacting with each other as well as with sealing surfaces.

 A disadvantage of the known seals is that they do not completely or completely not provide compaction of all the friction surfaces of the blades, rotors, pistons, blades or other mating parts (elements) of rotor and other machines and devices where the use of these seals is possible.

 Also, in rotary piston engines, due to periodically occurring negative accelerations under the action of centrifugal forces on the seal, the sealing plates tend to move away from the radial surface of the stator at these moments, which leads to vibration of the seal and a decrease in its efficiency and reliability.

 A known design of the sealing of the internal combustion engine blades with oscillating rotors, comprising sealing plates that are placed in the groove of the blade and are in contact with each other by their side and end surfaces, are simultaneously pressed against the friction surfaces by spring elements.

 A disadvantage of the known design is the lack of efficiency and reliability of the seal. The lack of efficiency is due to the fact that when the internal combustion engine is working and the seals are worn, gaps begin to appear between the end surfaces of the sealing plates. Through the gap between the sealing plates of one row facing the combustion chamber, the gas first enters the groove of the blade under the sealing plates, and then leaves through the other gap on the opposite side of this row of sealing plates. This happens until the gas passes through all the rows of sealing plates located in the groove of the blade and gets into the adjacent combustion chamber.

 The lack of reliability is explained by the fact that the springs are inserted into the grooves cut in each sealing plate, which are stress concentrators.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of the seal.

 When designing a seal with three or more sealing elements (plates, rails, gates, etc.), the goal is achieved by the fact that the sealing elements are wedge-shaped and placed in the seat (installation location) of the mating object of the connection of a rotary machine, a rotary hydraulic motor, a damper or other device where it is possible to use this seal with the possibility of interaction between each other and the surfaces of the stator and (or) the rotor. The mating object (part, element) of the connection, for example, a rotor with a stator, a piston with a stator, a piston with a cylinder, etc. may be, for example, a blade, a piston, a blade, a rotor, a stator and another object where this seal can be placed.

 Sealing elements interact with each other by their surfaces (in particular, end surfaces) along oblique lines and when they wear on the friction surface, they do not form any gaps between them. The seal is made in such a way that provides the minimum possibility of movement of the sealing elements under the action of vibrations and other forces arising from the operation of the machine. Sealing elements with a large number of degrees of freedom have the opportunity to make various movements relative to neighboring ones, which will inevitably lead to short-term gaps between them, which in turn will affect the effectiveness of the sealing ability and the reliability of the seal. Mismatch of the direction of action of the spring element and the direction of action of one sealing plate on others with the directions of action of centrifugal and other forces arising from the operation of the machine on them will reduce the possibility of unwanted movements of the sealing elements under the influence of these forces.

 The compression of the plates to each other and to the friction surfaces can be carried out by at least one sealing element. This is ensured by the fact that the sealing element acts as a spring due to the elastic properties of the material from which it is made. The sealing element can be made split. This is necessary so that when these plates wear, parts of these plates or plates can deviate entirely from their initial state due to the elastic properties of the material from which they are made. The cutting plate, unbending, will act on the adjacent one with its sloping side, thereby pressing one to the mating surface. In all cases, sealing elements can be used to seal both radial and end surfaces.

 Figure 1 presents a section of the rotor of a rotor-blade machine; figure 2 is a seal for a rotary vane machine, a side section along the groove of the blade; figure 3 seal using a spring sealing element.

 The seal consists of at least three sealing 1,2,3 and one spring 4 elements and can be placed, for example, in the seat of the blade 5 (Fig.1,2) with the possibility of interaction between each other and the friction surfaces 6-9. The installation location can be in this case made in the form of a groove 10 of a rectangular shape. The spring element in this case rests on one side of the protrusion 11, which is part of the blade, and the other on the sealing element 1.

 In some cases, the role of the spring element can play a spring sealing element 12 (figure 3).

 When the design of the seal with three sealing and one spring elements (figure 2) plates 1-3, wearing out at the points of contact with the sealing surfaces 6-9, will constantly be tightened to them, perceiving the impact from the spring 4, and also to each other by movement each on the end surfaces of the adjacent one. Thus, when they are worn, no gaps will be formed between them. The sealing element 1 will, when compensating for wear, move towards the sealing surfaces 6 and 7 under the action of the spring 4, and in the absence of the spring under the action of the force developed by it (Fig. 3).

Claims (11)

 1. A seal containing at least three sealing elements located in the mating joint, which are wedge-shaped and / or have sections forming a wedge shape and are arranged to move relative to each other and the sealing surfaces, under the action of at least one force, characterized in that at least one sealing element has the ability to interact with at least two other sealing elements and at least two pack rob surfaces.  2. The seal according to claim 1, characterized in that each of at least three sealing elements can interact with two.  3. The seal according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the direction of movement of the at least one sealing element may not coincide with the line or direction of action of the centrifugal force that occurs when the mating object.  4. The seal according to claim 1, characterized in that the force or forces acting on the elements creates at least one spring element, placed with the possibility of influencing at least one sealing.  5. The seal according to claim 4, characterized in that the direction of action of the spring element may not coincide with the line or direction of action of the centrifugal force that occurs during operation of the mating object.  6. The seal according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one sealing element is made elastic.  7. The seal according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, or 6, characterized in that at least one sealing element is made split.  8. The seal according to claim 4, characterized in that the spring element is made in the form of a split spring ring.  9. The seal according to claim 4, characterized in that the spring element is made spiral.  10. The seal according to claim 4, characterized in that the spring element is made curved.  11. The seal of claim 10, characterized in that the spring element is made in the form of a plate.

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