RU2085569C1 - Charcoal kiln - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: charcoal production. SUBSTANCE: kiln contains two external hearths, over which removable coal-burning retorts are disposed, each of them being placed in housing and connected with kiln roof. Each retort accommodates central tube with openings connecting hearth hollow through flue with chimney. There are also means for feeding superheated steam into retort hollow in each retort. In roofs of retorts, means to supply water for cooling outer surfaces of retorts are installed. EFFECT: increased economical efficiency due to utilizing heat of effluent gas and intensified process. 4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to designs of charcoal burning furnaces and can be used in industry for the processing of lump wood logging and wood for the purpose of obtaining charcoal.

A carbon-burning chamber furnace is known containing a rectangular-shaped chamber blocked by a vault, at the bottom of which there is a firebox. Doors for loading firewood and unloading coal are located in the chamber machines. Chimneys are installed in the corners of the chamber. The design of the furnace is stationary, excluding the possibility of transportation [1]
A significant disadvantage of the known furnace is its low profitability due to the non-use of the heat of the flue gases leaving the chamber, as well as the gases released during the carbonization process.

 The operation of this furnace is associated with large labor costs associated with loading raw materials and unloading coal, cleaning surfaces, sealing the furnace at the end of the re-melting process (furnace fittings are coated with a clay solution).

Known carbohydrate furnace containing a vault, a platform with a furnace installed on it, over which a working cavity, a chimney is placed [2]
The known design also belongs to the type of batch-burning furnaces with internal heating of the charred wood by directly washing it with flue gases leaving the furnace.

 Among the significant disadvantages of this design should include low profitability and low quality of the obtained charcoal.

 This is caused by a number of negative factors caused by the following design features of this furnace.

 The known design provides for the pyrolysis of wood due to direct contact in the process of carbonization of wood with combustion products (flue gases) emerging from the furnace. Moreover, studies have shown that the oxygen contained in the flue gas reacts with coal, burning it. This leads to a decrease in the yield of coal, a deterioration in its quality.

 The lack of pre-drying of raw materials leads to the fact that the process of carbonization in relation to the yield and quality of coal proceeds unfavorably. This is explained by the fact that raw materials (wood) immediately enter the atmosphere with a high temperature, drying and carbonization proceed rapidly, which entails a decrease in the quality of coal (its mechanical strength decreases).

 In addition to the above drawbacks, it should be noted that the known design also does not solve the problem of rational use of heat from the exhaust flue gases and environmentally harmful gases released during the pyrolysis of wood and discharged into the atmosphere.

The closest analogue of the invention is a charcoal furnace containing a furnace and a working cavity, consisting of two retorts with devices for introducing steam [3]
The invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating a highly economical design of a charcoal furnace, providing high-quality charcoal.

 This is achieved by the fact that in the well-known charcoal furnace containing a furnace and a working cavity made in the form of two retorts with devices for introducing steam, each retort is digged with a vault and made with an individual remote furnace and a pipe placed along its axis connecting the cavity of the furnace with the chimney, this in the arches installed device for supplying water for cooling the outer surface of the retort. In the lower part of the retort tubes, holes are made for the output of the pyrolysis products of wood and steam. Retorts are removable. Retorts are connected to the arch.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The original constructive solution used in the invention, according to which the furnaces of both coal retort through axial pipes and a chimney, are combined into a single system, allows to solve the problem of rational use of exhaust gas heat after heating one of the retorts for preliminary drying of wood raw materials in the other retort (the furnace of which this mode does not work). This significantly increases the efficiency of the charcoal kiln, improves the quality of charcoal.

 The implementation of the working cavity of the furnace in the form of two charcoal retorts with axial tubes located in them, connecting the furnace cavity with the chimney, allows the pyrolysis process to be carried out without direct contact of the carbonized material with the combustion products, which helps to improve the quality of coal and increase efficiency.

 The installation of steam supply devices inside each charcoal retort allows the intensification of the process of wood carbonization by supplying superheated steam, which, as shown by experiments, accelerates the process, provides increased furnace performance, increases efficiency, improves the quality of charcoal.

 Thanks to the installation of water supply devices in the arches of the furnace for cooling the outer surfaces of the carbon retort, the cooling of the retort is significantly accelerated after the completion of the carbon process, the productivity of the furnace is increased, and its efficiency is increased.

 The holes in the lower part of the axial pipes can successfully solve the problem of the resulting wood pyrolysis products (resins, acids, gas phase), as well as water vapor.

 The output of gaseous products of wood pyrolysis into an axial tube, where, after contact with flue gases, they provide afterburning, allows, firstly, to use their heat in the process and, secondly, to ensure the release of environmentally friendly products into the atmosphere.

 Carrying out removable coal retorts allows to significantly intensify the process of loading raw materials and unloading charcoal, to increase the efficiency and productivity of the furnace.

 The combination of charcoal retort with the arch further simplifies the process of raw material and charcoal unloading.

 In FIG. Figures 1 and 2 show an incinerator, section.

 The coal burning furnace contains two remote furnaces 2 installed on the platform 1, above which removable charcoal retorts 3 are located, each of which is located in the casing 4 and connected to the arch 5.

 Removability of the retort 3 is provided by any known lifting mechanisms, for example, a jib crane. The alignment of the retorts when they are installed on the bottom of the casing 4 is provided using any fixing devices (not shown in Fig. 1). The connection of the charcoal retort 3 with the vault 5 is provided by any known means, for example, welding. In each charcoal chamber 3 there is an axial pipe 6 with openings 7, connecting the cavity of the furnace 2 through the chimney 8 with the chimney 9. Inside each retort 3 there are devices 10 for supplying superheated steam to the cavity of the retort. In arches 5, devices 11 for supplying water for cooling the outer surfaces of the retort are installed.

 Carbon furnace operates as follows.

 Wood raw materials are loaded into retorts 3, after which they are installed in the casing 4. Fuel is placed in the furnaces 2 (for example, interros, wood chips, coal litter), then one of them is fired.

 Combustion products (flue gases) come from the furnace 2 through the central pipe 6 into the chimney 8, while losing their heat to the carbonized wood in the retort 3.

 The decomposition products of wood released during the pyrolysis process are discharged from the retort 3 into the central pipe 6 through openings 7, where the gaseous decomposition products are burned by flue gases.

 To intensify the pyrolysis process through the device 10, the installation inside the retort 3, serves superheated steam, which penetrates the charred wood and is discharged through holes 7 into the axial tube 6.

 Having given part of its heat to the charcoal wood, the combustion products, together with the gaseous products of wood decomposition through the chimney 8, enter the central pipe 6 of the second retort 3, drying the wood raw materials in the retort 3, intended for carbonization, and then are removed through the chimney 9 to the atmosphere .

 After the end of the process of pyrolysis of wood in the first retort 3, the furnace 2 is extinguished, after which the process of cooling the finished charcoal begins in retort 3. To accelerate the cooling process through the device 11 installed in the vault 6, water is supplied to cool the outer surface of the retort 3.

 Flue gases and gaseous decomposition products during the cooling of charcoal in the first retort are sent immediately through the chimney 9 to the atmosphere. At the end of the cooling process, the first retort 3 is removed from the casing 4, the charcoal is unloaded, the wood raw material is loaded into the retort, after which it is installed again in the casing 4.

 Flue gases and gaseous decomposition products of wood after the second retort 3 are sent through a chimney 8 into the axial pipe 6 of the first retort 3 to dry the wood raw materials in the retort, and then released into the atmosphere through the chimney 9.

 The process of pyrolysis of wood in the second retort and the cooling of charcoal is carried out similarly to the operations described above, after which the entire technological cycle of the charcoal kiln is repeated.

 The proposed design of a charcoal kiln can increase the efficiency of the installation by ensuring the rational use of heat from the exhaust gases, the intensification of the process, significantly improves the quality of charcoal, solves the problem of environmental safety and operation of the proposed furnace.

Claims (4)

 1. Coal burning furnace containing a furnace and a working cavity, made in the form of two retorts with devices for introducing steam, characterized in that each retort is covered by a vault and made with an individual remote furnace and a pipe placed along its axis connecting the cavity of the furnace with a chimney, this in the arches installed device for supplying water for cooling the outer surface of the retort.  2. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the retorts are removable.  3. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the retorts are connected to the arches.  4. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that in the lower part of the retort tubes holes are made for outputting the pyrolysis products of wood and steam.

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