RU208536U1 - Metal-plastic parabolic antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to radio engineering and can be used in the manufacture of parabolic antennas from polymer composite materials. The technical result is an increase in the gain of the parabolic radio antenna with a decrease in the specific weight of the product. The technical result is achieved in that the antenna, which includes a reflective layer and a base made of a polymer composite, is characterized in that the reflective layer is made solid, of metal, 0.05-0.1 mm thick, the base is made multilayer with alternating layers of multiaxial glass/ carbon fabric 1-2 mm thick, impregnated with an epoxy binder, with layers of foamed rigid closed-cell filler 10-50 mm thick, with slots 1 mm wide in the form of hexagonal honeycombs, made over the entire thickness of the material, with the exception of connecting jumpers, filled with epoxy binder to form curing of a rigid power honeycomb structure associated with layers of multiaxial fabric. 2 w.p. f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to radio engineering and can be used in the manufacture of parabolic antennas from polymer composite materials.

A parabolic antenna is a radio engineering device used as a receiver or emitter of electromagnetic waves. In every radio engineering system that emits or transmits radio waves, the antenna plays a major role and is an important element. These are, first of all, such systems as television, radio communications, radio control, radio broadcasting, radar, radio relay communications, radio navigation, radio astronomy.

The antenna consists of a metal mirror in the form of a paraboloid of revolution and a feed placed in focus.

Optical parabolic mirrors are used to transform the spherical front of the source wave into a flat front.

The action of a parabolic mirror is that the diverging rays coming from a source located in the focus of the mirror become parallel after reflection.

As reflective surfaces, metal mirrors are used, which give an almost complete reflection of the rays falling on them without noticeable losses.

It is known that the larger the diameter of the paraboloid surface in relation to the operating wavelength, the narrower the radiation pattern becomes. Thus, the parabolic mirror transforms the wave energy emitted by the feed in a wide pattern into wave energy emitted in a narrow pattern.

In industrial conditions, a paraboloid is drawn from a duralumin or steel sheet using powerful hydraulic presses. Another variety includes paraboloids made from plastics by casting with subsequent metallization of the surface by spraying.

Antenna mirror is made of electrically conductive material (steel, aluminum alloys) with anti-corrosion coating. For technological and economic reasons, mirrors can be made of non-metallic materials - composites (carbon fiber, fiberglass) or plastics. If the antenna mirror is made of a non-conductive material, a reflective surface made of metal foil, mesh, and electrically conductive paint is additionally introduced into its structure.

A known method of manufacturing a multilayer antenna reflector, including the manufacture of reflective sheathing using the impregnation of materials with a binder, the formation of a package and its evacuation, and the manufacture of a rear sheathing connected to the reflective sheathing through a layer of honeycomb filler (patent RU 2168820, IPC: H01Q 15/16, publ. 10.06.2001).

The disadvantage is that the multi-layer fibrous structure of the prepregs traps excess binder and air bubbles between the fibers. The high content of air bubbles in the finished product negatively affects its radio-reflective characteristics.

The known design of a multilayer antenna reflector made of polymer composite materials (RF patent 2168820 H01Q 15/16, 2001), in which the antenna reflector consists of a rear and reflective skins made of polymer composite material, interconnected through a honeycomb filler.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the insufficient level of dimensional stability caused by the difference in the materials used.

Also known is the design of a reflector made of a polymer composite material (RF patent 2556424 H01Q 15/16, 2013). The frame of the antenna reflector structure made of polymer composite material consists of a thin shell and stiffeners glued to its back shell with a mesh structure. The stiffeners are glued together from three sets of parallel ribs located at angles of approximately 60 ° relative to each other, thus forming triangular and hexagonal cells. The triangular cells are filled with an adhesive compound followed by curing.

The disadvantage of the above-described technical solution is the relative complexity of the structure and high specific gravity, due to the presence of ribs over the entire surface of the thin shell, the presence of an adhesive composition between the stiffeners and the thin shell, in triangular cells, which worsens dimensional stability through an increase in differences in the thermal conductivity of the structure.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is an antenna reflector made of polymer composite material (RU, 161906, H01Q15 / 16, publ. 10.05.2016). Antenna reflector consists of a thin shell of a complex geometric shape and reinforcing ribs from the rear side, made of the same material - carbon fiber.

The disadvantage of the above-described technical solution is the low reflection coefficient of radio waves due to the fact that a fiber-reinforced plastic is used as a radio-reflecting layer. This leads to an increase in the proportion of diffuse reflection compared to specular reflection. In addition, CFRP has a much lower coefficient of electrical conductivity (about 100,000 cm / m) compared to, for example, aluminum (35,000,000 cm / m), which also reduces the ability of CFRP to radio reflection.

The technical result is to increase the gain of the parabolic radio antenna while reducing the specific weight of the product.

The problem to be solved by the claimed technical solution is to create a parabolic antenna structure made of metal-plastic, which provides a low specific gravity, high gain and dimensional stability.

The problem is solved by the fact that a parabolic antenna for receiving and transmitting radio waves consists of a thin - 0.1 mm - solid metal (for example, aluminum or copper) reflective layer and a thick - 10 mm or more - base made of a polymer multilayer composite. Each layer of polymer composite can be made of fiberglass or carbon fiber with a size of 1-2 mm. A lightweight filler with a layer of 10-50 mm is placed between the layers. As a filler, a rigid, closed-cell foam filler is used with slots 1 mm wide in the form of hexagonal honeycombs, made for the entire thickness of the material, with the exception of connecting bridges. The material can be: polyurethane foam (PPU) with a density of 80-100 kg / m ³ , polyvinyl chloride foam (PVC) with a density of 60-80 kg / m ³ or poly (meth) acrylimide foam ("ACRIMID") with a density of 60-80 kg / m ³ ... Layer thickness 10-50 mm.

The slots in the filler are filled with an epoxy binder, which, after curing, forms a rigid, strong honeycomb structure associated with layers of multiaxial glass or carbon fiber.

It is known that the gain of a parabolic antenna directly depends on the efficiency or the surface utilization factor (COP) of the antenna: G = 10 log (K (πD / λ) ² ), (dB), where:

G is the gain;

K is the efficiency or utilization factor of the antenna surface;

D - antenna diameter;

λ is the length of the radio wave;

π - number "Pi".

In turn, the efficiency (EQ) K of the antenna depends on the accuracy of the reflecting surface and the electrical conductivity of the reflecting material.

Metalloplastikovaja parabolic antenna can be manufactured with high accuracy (standard deviation of the reflecting surface of the theoretical surface is 0.05 mm / m ² and better), comparable with the accuracy of manufacturing a parabolic antenna of CFRP.

Radio waves are reflected from conductive media. The electrical conductivity of, for example, aluminum is 35,000,000 cm / m, and the electrical conductivity of CFRP is a maximum of 100,000 cm / m.

Thus, the claimed parabolic antenna has the following advantages:

1. Low weight.

2. High bending and torsional rigidity of the structure allows it to withstand high wind loads.

3. Dimensional stability.

4. The use of a thin continuous smooth metal (aluminum, copper) layer with high electrical conductivity as a radio-reflecting material, which makes it possible to obtain a higher amplification factor of radio waves.

5. Manufacturability of manufacture. All layers are filled with epoxy binder under vacuum, at the same time, in a closed form, which creates a homogeneous structure after curing of the binder without additional gluing.

6. Absence of internal voids that can affect thermal deformation.

7. Formation of a radio-reflecting layer using a high-precision tooling with a root-mean-square deviation from the theoretical surface of 50 microns, which makes it possible to obtain a higher coefficient of radio wave amplification (according to the formula) in comparison with the known designs of parabolic antennas.

The utility model is illustrated with illustrations.

Figure 1 is a diagram of the design of a metal-plastic parabolic antenna;

figure 2 - layered internal structure of a metal-plastic parabolic antenna, where:

1. Metallic radio-reflecting layer - aluminum or copper foil 0.05-0.1 mm thick;

2. Multilayer base made of polymer composite (3-5);

3. A layer of multiaxial glass or carbon fiber impregnated with an epoxy binder, 1-2 mm thick;

4. Filler with slots 1 mm wide in the form of hexagonal honeycomb, made for the entire thickness of the material, excluding the connecting straps. Layer thickness 10-50 mm.

The slots in the filler are filled with an epoxy binder to form, after curing, a rigid power honeycomb structure, which is associated with the layers of fiberglass or carbon fiber 3;

5. Multiaxial fiberglass or carbon fiber impregnated with epoxy binder. Layer thickness 1-2 mm.

A metal-plastic parabolic antenna for receiving and transmitting radio waves consists of a thin (0.05 - 0.1 mm) solid metal (for example, aluminum, copper) reflective layer (1) and a thick (10 - 50 mm) base (2) made of polymer multilayer composite.

Since the base (2) is multilayer, then layers of polymer composite (3) of multiaxial fiberglass or carbon fabric, 1-2 mm thick, impregnated with an epoxy binder, and light filler (4) (10-50 mm) alternate in it. As a filler, a rigid, closed-cell foam filler is used with slots 1 mm wide in the form of hexagonal honeycombs, made over the entire thickness of the material, with the exception of the connecting bridges. The material can be: polyurethane foam (PPU) with a density of 80-100 kg / m ³ , polyvinyl chloride foam (PVC) with a density of 60-80 kg / m ³ or poly (meth) acrylimide foam ("ACRIMID") with a density of 60-80 kg / m ³ ... Layer thickness 10-50 mm.

The slots in the filler are filled with an epoxy binder, which, after curing, forms a rigid, strong honeycomb structure associated with layers of multiaxial glass or carbon fiber.

Next, a layer of glass or carbon fiber impregnated with an epoxy binder is repeated again (5).

Thus, the implementation of the utility model solves the problems posed by the authors, namely, such advantages as a high gain with a lower mass of the product in comparison with an aluminum parabolic antenna, as well as a higher gain with a comparable mass in comparison with a carbon fiber parabolic antenna have been achieved.

Claims (3)

1. A metal-plastic parabolic antenna, including a reflective layer and a base made of polymer composite, characterized in that the reflective layer is made of solid metal, 0.05-0.1 mm thick, the base is made of multilayer with alternating layers of multiaxial glass / carbon fiber with a thickness 1-2 mm impregnated epoxy binder, with layers of foamed rigid closed-cell filler with a thickness of 10-50 mm, with slots 1 mm wide in the form of hexagonal honeycombs, made over the entire thickness of the material, with the exception of connecting jumpers filled with epoxy binder with the formation of a rigid power honeycomb structure associated with layers of multiaxial fabric. 2. A metal-plastic parabolic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that polyurethane foam with a density of 80-100 kg / m ³ , polyvinyl chloride foam with a density of 60-80 kg / m ³ or poly (meth) acrylimide foam with a density of 60-80 kg / m ³ . 3. A metal-plastic parabolic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that aluminum and copper are used as the metal of the reflecting layer.

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