RU2084663C1 - Free-piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine engineering. SUBSTANCE: engine has working cylinders 1 and 2 and steam-gas turbine 3. Pistons 4 of cylinder 1 are rigidly interconnected through rod 5. Outlet passageways 18 of cylinder 1 are in communication with covers 21 of cylinder 2 through branch pipes 19 and valves 29 mounted inside them and water shock absorbers-nozzles 24. Outlet branch pipe 27 of cylinder 2 is connected to hollow axle 28 of steam-gas turbine 3 provided with take-off shaft 34. Cylinders 1 and 2 are provided with windings 36. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to free-piston engines, and can be used in transport.

 Known engine ICE type / cm book B.N. Biryukova “From a water wheel to a quantum accelerator”, from “Mechanical Engineering”, Moscow, 1990, p. 62 /.

 The engine consists of a cylinder with two pistons freely placed in it, made of ferromagnetic material and shock absorbers on the end caps of the cylinder. Windings are wound on both ends of the cylinder. By applying a direct current to which when the pistons move, an alternating electric current will be generated. The disadvantage of this engine is that the working fluid is used once.

 Also known is a free piston internal combustion engine / cm. the application of Germany N 2355728 /, selected as a prototype, which contains a working cylinder with coaxially placed pistons and inlet and outlet valves. Windings are placed on the engine cylinder.

 Pistons mounted on a rigid steel rod and made of ferromagnetic material. The disadvantage of the engine is a single use of the working fluid, resulting in low efficiency.

 The claimed invention provides for the creation of economical with high efficiency low noise, environmentally friendly free piston ICE by reusing gases with the introduction of heated water under pressure.

 The indicated result is achieved in that the free piston ICE contains a main working cylinder with pistons and inlet and outlet channels coaxially placed in it, with windings placed on the cylinder and with pistons made of ferromagnetic material and rigidly interconnected by a steel rod, equipped with an additional working cylinder and radial-axial gas-free steam-gas turbine, the gas cavities of which are connected in series with each other and through non-return valves with exhaust channels about the working cylinder, while the steel rod of the main working cylinder is installed with the ability to move through the central hole of the solenoid, and the additional working cylinder is equipped with windings and a single piston, also made of ferromagnetic material, and on its end caps there are adjustable water shock absorbers-nozzles that interact with the piston.

 In this case, the steam-free gas turbine is equipped with a power take-off shaft with a dynostarter rotor and is made in the form of a hollow cylindrical rotor with jet nozzles placed along the perimeter, the axes of which are directed obliquely in the direction opposite to the rotation of the rotor installed in the housing with the possibility of rotation around the central hollow axis, and fixed a gas supply disk located inside the rotor and provided with jet nozzles, the axes of which are directed obliquely to the inner surface of the rotor.

 The drawing shows a free piston engine.

 The free piston engine consists of a main working cylinder 1, an additional working cylinder 2, a combined cycle gas turbine 3, in series.

 Pistons 4 are made coaxially in the working cylinder 1, made of ferromagnetic material and rigidly interconnected by a steel rod 5 passing through the central hole 6 of the starting solenoid 7, located in the central compartment 8 with the inlet pipe 9 and bulkheads 10 with intake valves 11 for air intake into the piston spaces 12. The pistons 4 are hollow and equipped with bypass valves 13. In the end caps 13 of the cylinder 1, a bore is made to freely accommodate the bypass valves 15, the combustion chamber and the opening Ia to accommodate fuel injectors or spark plugs. At the ends of both bulkheads 10, annular emergency shock absorbers 17 are fixed to prevent piston impacts on their ends. The gas cavities of the cylinder 1 through the outlet channels 18, with the help of nozzles 19, are communicated through non-return valves 20 with an additional cylinder 2 through its end caps 21, equipped with decompressors 22. In the central part of the internal permeable bulkheads 23, adjustable water shock absorbers-nozzles 24 are installed, interacting with a piston 25 made of a ferromagnetic material placed in the cylinder 2 with the possibility of translational motion. In the middle part of the auxiliary cylinder 2, channels 26 are made, communicating with the nozzle 27 by the central hollow axis 28 with a stationary gas supply disk 29 located inside the hollow cylindrical rotor 30 of the turbine 3, with jet nozzles 31 installed around the perimeter 31 installed in the housing 32 of the turbine 3.

 The stationary gas-conducting disk 29 is equipped with jet nozzles 33, the axes of which are directed obliquely to the inner surface of the rotor 30 in the direction of its possible rotation. The rotor 30 is equipped with a power take-off shaft 34 with the rotor of the dynostarter 35. Windings 36 are placed on the cylinders 1 and 2.

 When voltage is applied to the solenoid 7, it draws the steel rod 5 into itself, causing the pistons 4 to move at the same time. When the piston 4 moves from the bulkhead 10 through the inlet opening valve 11, air is sucked into the sub-piston space. At this time, the air is compressed in the space above the piston and, when the piston reaches the top dead center (TDC), fuel is injected into the combustion chamber by the nozzle, hot gases expanding, causing the piston 4 to move to the bulkhead 10. At this time, the air is compressed in the space under the piston, inlet valve 11 is closed. When the piston opens the exhaust channel 18, the exhaust gases at high speed through the pipe 19 and the opened non-return valve 20 enter the cylinder 2, the bypass valve 15 opens in the piston 4 and a purge occurs, the exhaust gases force the piston 25 to move to the bulkhead 23.

 Having entered into interaction with an adjustable water shock absorber-nozzle 24, the piston 25 compresses it, while water is injected into the cylinder under pressure and high temperature through openings made around the perimeter at the end of the movable part of the shock absorber, which, when mixed with hot gases, turns into steam . At this time, through the opening exhaust channels 26, the spent steam-gas mixture through the pipe 27, the hollow axis 28, the stationary gas-conducting disk 29, and the jet nozzles 33 rush to the inner surface of the rotor 30 in the direction of its rotation. At this time, reverse processes occur at the opposite end of the working cylinder 1. Next, the work cycle is repeated. A flat water stream is formed from the jets of the vapor-gas mixture on the inner surface of the rotor, the shear force of which is converted by the rotation of the rotor. Jet nozzles 31 convert the flow into high-speed jets, the direction of motion of which is opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor. The spent steam-gas mixture is sent to the purifier, and from the purifier, passing the muffler, to the atmosphere. If a constant voltage is applied to the windings 36, then when the pistons move, the inductance of the windings will change and an electric current will be generated in them. To spin the rotor 30 of the turbine 3, a current is supplied to the dynostarter 35, when the rotor 30 is rotated from the gas-vapor mixture or by inertia, the dynastarter generates current.

The engine can operate in three modes:
1. When fuel is supplied, both cylinders and the turbine operate simultaneously to charge the batteries (AB) and the vehicle.

 2. With idle cylinders and a rotating rotor of the turbine (flywheel), due to the supply of electricity from the batteries to the dynastarter.

 3. Movement due to the untwisted rotor of the turbine (flywheel).

 In all operating modes, the engine is environmentally friendly, low-noise and economical. In the engine, the mechanical energy of the movement of the pistons and the rotation of the flywheel (bezoplatochny combined cycle gas turbine) is immediately converted into electrical energy.

 The metal consumption of this engine, compared with existing diesel generators of the same power, is almost halved.

 The manufacturability, simplicity of design and maintenance are obvious.

Claims (2)

 1. A free-piston internal combustion engine comprising a main working cylinder with pistons and inlet and outlet channels coaxially placed in it, the windings being placed on the cylinder, and the pistons made of ferromagnetic material and rigidly interconnected by a steel rod, characterized in that it is provided with an additional a working cylinder and a bezoplatochny combined-cycle radial-axial turbine, the gas cavities of which are sequentially communicated by means of nozzles between themselves and through non-return valves with exhaust channels of the main working cylinder, while the piston rod of the main working cylinder passes through the central hole of the solenoid, the additional working cylinder is equipped with windings and a single piston made of ferromagnetic material, and on its end caps there are adjustable water shock absorbers-nozzles interacting with the piston.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the combined-cycle turbine is equipped with a power take-off shaft with a dynastarter rotor and is made in the form of a hollow cylindrical rotor with jet nozzles placed around the perimeter, mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation around a central hollow axis and a stationary gas supply disk, placed inside the rotor and provided with jet nozzles, the axes of which are directed obliquely to the inner surface of the rotor.