RU2084293C1 - Process of dispersion of metal on to plasma and liquid particles and gear for its realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of powder, deposition of coats, creation of new materials, formation of parts, etc. SUBSTANCE: process includes accumulation of specified quantity of electromagnetic energy on capacitive collector of power supply source connected to electrodes with provision of preset value of difference of potentials between electrodes, formation of current conductive zone between unclosed electrodes with the aid of means for formation of current conductive zone. During existence of current conductive zone gap between electrodes is exposed to action of magnetic field to move plasma and liquid particles with vector of intensity of magnetic field non-collinear to vector of current between electrodes. Magnetic field is formed by current from capacitive collector of power supply source. Gear for dispersion of metal on to plasma and liquid particles has power supply source with capacitive collector connected to electrodes, means for formation of current conductive zone between unclosed electrodes. Gear is provided with source of magnetic field capable of action on gap between electrodes. Source of magnetic field is connected to capacitive collector . EFFECT: expanded application field, increased productivity of process. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to methods for dispersing metal on plasma and liquid particles and to methods for their directed movement.

 There is a method of producing metal powders, in which the ends of the electrodes are melted by alternating current, their melting point and particles are formed, and at the same time, the “magnetic blast” created by the secondary current of the transformer produces directional movement of particles [1] In a device that implements the method contains electrodes, the source of their melting and the source of "magnetic blast".

 In the description of the invention there is no detailed description of its operation, but it can be assumed that the method is as follows. The electrodes are brought together and their contact initiates an electric current flow. This leads to heating and melting of the ends of the electrodes (the appearance of a melting center). At the same time, the secondary winding of the transformer creates a magnetic field that interacts with the current in the melting zone and creates a directed electromagnetic force ("magnetic blast"), which provides directional movement of metal particles.

 A known method and device for dispersing a liquid metal and for moving it in the form of a directed stream of particles [2] The method comprises supplying a liquid metal, passing an electric current through a liquid metal and simultaneously applying a magnetic field in a plane perpendicular to the electric current so as to accelerate the current-carrying volume metal. These actions produce the destruction of liquid metal into particles and plasma and the directed movement of these elements.

 In the description of the invention [2] presents an embodiment of a method using an electric arc. Liquid metal is supplied by supplying metal wire (electrodes) to the arc zone during the existence of the arc between the electrodes, turning the solid wire into a liquid state. Arc initiation conditions are not described in [2] and this suggests that the initiation is carried out by connecting the circuit to an electric energy source with contacting electrodes or by contacting the electrodes with the potential difference existing on them.

The methods [1, 2] have disadvantages due to the fact that to initiate the arc using the closure of the electrodes by contacting and then moving the electrodes and / or their partial melting form the necessary length of the arc:
the use of pulsed energy sources is ineffective, for example, with a discharge time of a power source of 100 μs, the arc length will be determined only by the potential difference between the electrodes (it is almost impossible to vary the electrodes to increase the arc length for the specified time);
it is difficult to form coatings or materials by discrete streams (this is necessary to create functionally gradient materials, to form multilayer coatings from various materials and to provide the necessary phase compositions).

 According to the technical nature and the achieved effect, the closest to the proposed invention is a method for producing powders [3] by which a capacitor is charged that is connected to the electrodes. By introducing a wire between the electrodes, a conductive zone is formed and a capacitor discharge is produced through it. There is a resistive heating of the wire, its melting, destruction and transformation into a powder.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the limited range of its technological capabilities:
metal is dispersed onto powder only due to resistive heating (the possibility of creating and applying electromagnetic forces for metal dispersing is not feasible);
as a result of the flow of a strong current pulse, the wire is destroyed, accompanied by the ejection of particles, but the movement of the particles are not one-sided.

 The main objective of the invention is the expansion of technological capabilities of the method.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the method of dispersing metal on plasma and liquid particles, including the accumulation of a power source connected to the electrodes on a capacitive storage device, a predetermined amount of electromagnetic energy to provide a predetermined potential difference between the electrodes, the formation of a conductive zone between open electrodes using means for the formation of a conductive zone, characterized in that during the period of existence of the conductive zone they are affected by a magnetic field on ezhutok between the electrodes to move the plasma and liquid particles with the vector of the magnetic field is not collinear with the vector of the current between the electrodes, the magnetic field formed by current from the capacitive power source drive.

 This goal is also achieved by the fact that the device for dispersing metal on plasma and liquid particles, containing a power source with a capacitive storage connected to the electrodes, means for forming a conductive zone between open electrodes, characterized in that it is equipped with a magnetic field source made with the possibility of the field acting on the gap between the electrodes with the magnetic field vector not collinear to the current vector between the electrodes, and the source of the magnetic field is connected ene with DHW cylinder.

,
где

вектор силы;

вектор магнитной индукции;

вектор тока.The necessary direction of the particle flow is achieved by the corresponding directions of the dispersing-moving current in the arc and the magnetic field flux through the arc. It is necessary to be guided by the well-known rule of the left hand (if you position the left hand so that the magnetic lines of force fit into the palm of your hand, and the straightened four fingers coincide with the direction of the current, then the bent thumb will indicate the direction of the force [4] or the condition

,
Where

force vector;

magnetic induction vector;

current vector.

 A diagram of one embodiment of a device for implementing the method is presented in the drawing. The elements of the device are: the main source of electrical energy 1, means 2 for creating a conductive zone between the electrodes 3, a conductive bus 4, a conductor 5, which forms a magnetic field crossing the gap between the electrodes.

обеспечивается определенным пространственным положением проводника, генерирующего магнитное поле, и электродов. На фиг. 1 стрелками показаны вектора диспергирующе-перемещающего тока

, поток магнитного поля

и направление потока частиц

. При противоположных направлениях

направление потока частиц остается неизменным.In the practical implementation of the method, the main energy source can be a capacitive storage with an energy of 0.5 kJ and a voltage of 10 kV, the electrodes can be made of copper wire having a diameter of 2 mm Necessary particle flow direction

provided by a certain spatial position of the conductor generating a magnetic field, and electrodes. In FIG. 1 arrows indicate the dispersion-moving current vector

magnetic flux

and particle flow direction

. In opposite directions

particle flow direction remains unchanged.

 When implementing the method, energy is accumulated in the main source, it is estimated and, if necessary, the distance between the electrodes is adjusted. Then the voltage source 2 is a breakdown of the gap between the electrodes. This forms the ionized space between the electrodes, which initiates the flow of current from the capacitive storage (the formation and existence of a powerful arc discharge). The ends of the electrodes are heated and converted into a plasma and a liquid phase. At the same time, the current that flows through this zone interacts with the magnetic flux created by the current flowing through conductor 5. This leads to the creation of electromagnetic forces that disperse and move the metal in the form of a directed flow.

 The presented invention allows to expand the range of technological capabilities of the method, including providing the necessary directivity of the flow of ejected particles, and when initiating an arc by breakdown of the interelectrode gap, to provide a wide frequency range of dispersion pulses, without difficulty and to effectively use pulsed energy sources.

 The invention has a wide field of application: the production of powders, coating, the creation of new materials, the shaping of parts, etc.

Sources of information
1. Device for producing metal powders. A.S. USSR 98050 A.S. Davydov B 22 F 9/14. Announced on 11/22/1950
2. Method and apparatus for atomization and spraying of molten metals. Unated States patent 4,919,335. Date of patent Apr. 24, 1990 Int. Cl. B 05 B 5/06; B 05 B 7/18 US Cl. 239/3; 239/690; 239/83; 239/545.

 3. USSR author's certificate N 103068 B 22 F 9/14, 1949.

 4. K. Kuhling. Handbook of Physics. M. World, 1985.

Claims (2)

 1. The method of dispersing metal on plasma and liquid particles, including the accumulation of a power source connected to the electrodes on a capacitive storage device, a specified amount of electromagnetic energy with a given potential difference between the electrodes, the formation of a conductive zone between open electrodes using means for forming a conductive zone, characterized in that during the period of existence of the conductive zone they are affected by a magnetic field on the gap between the electrodes for alternating the distribution of plasma and liquid particles with a magnetic field vector that is not collinear to the current vector between the electrodes, and the magnetic field is generated by the current from the capacitive storage of the power source.  2. A device for dispersing metal on plasma and liquid particles, containing a power source with a capacitive storage connected to the electrodes, means for forming a conductive zone between open electrodes, characterized in that it is equipped with a magnetic field source configured to influence the field between electrodes with a magnetic field vector that is not collinear to the current vector between the electrodes, and the magnetic field source is connected to a capacitive storage.