RU2081843C1 - Method and apparatus for decontaminating liquid media - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: purification of liquids, such as potable water, for domestic and technical uses. SUBSTANCE: liquid leaving natural water source is purified and decontaminated using ozone-air mixture. Dissolved ozone is next removed from liquid, latter is passed through filter. Next chlorine is dissolved in liquid to decontaminate it. Proposed method is carried into effect with help of chlorine storage reservoir and system for transportation and delivery to user. Ozone dissolved in liquid is removed by exposing it to effect of light quantums emitted at wavelengths below 11400 angstrom, using, e.g. bactericidal UV-radiating electric lamp. Proposed apparatus comprises water intake system 1 for pumping water with pump 3 through filter 8 from water source 2. Apparatus further comprises water delivery system 5 to user 6 by pump 7 through filter 8, storage reservoir 9 and valve 10. At outlet from water intake system 1 there is provided additional reservoir 11 with ozone generator 12 connected to reservoir 11 via valve 13 and ozone flow header 14. Ozone generator 12 takes air from atmosphere via compressor 15. Partition 16 divides reservoir 11 into two compartments 17 and 18, interior spaces of which communicate in upper part of reservoir 11. Interior of each compartment is irradiated by UV-radiating lamp 19 protected by quartz glass sheathing 20. Additional reservoir 11 is mounted above storage reservoir 9 in such manner that water from intake system 1 would be caused to flow along water supply pipe 21 to lower part of compartment 17 by pump 4, whereas water from lower part of compartment 18 can flow by gravity along discharge pipe 22 through filter 8 to upper part of storage reservoir 9. EFFECT: effective water decontamination method and apparatus. 6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the processing of fluids, such as drinking water, on ships and at urban water-lifting stations (water supply) and can improve water quality, improve ecology and environmental safety.

Known methods of disinfecting drinking water based on the treatment of its chlorine [1]
A disadvantage of the known methods is their inability to purify water from metals (Fe, Mn, etc.). Known methods only disinfect water, i.e. microorganisms in it are killed. In addition, from the interaction of chlorine with organic compounds in water, dioxins harmful to humans are formed. It should also be noted that water disinfection by known methods requires a lot of chlorine (under pressure in cylinders), and this, in addition to high material costs, requires the construction and maintenance of special protected warehouses, which in turn violates the ecology and environmental safety.

 The large amount of chlorine required for disinfecting water by known methods also affects the taste of the water.

Known methods of disinfecting and treating water by treating it with ozone [2]
A disadvantage of the known methods is the impossibility of using them to disinfect the feed system, because it is destroyed by ozone. To avoid this, the water after treatment with ozone must be kept in a special container until the dissolved ozone is completely removed from it and only after that it can be delivered to the consumer. In this regard, the system of water supply to the consumer will be untreated (non-disinfected), which will lead to the appearance and multiplication of various microorganisms in it. Ozone-disinfected water passing through a non-disinfected supply system to the consumer is again populated with microorganisms, which is not allowed by sanitary standards.

 The aim of the invention is to provide high-quality purification and disinfection of water and its supply system to the consumer without violating the ecology and environmental safety, without destroying the supply system.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that water at the outlet of the source is disinfected with ozone, after which the supply system is disinfected with chlorine dissolved in water during transportation of water to the consumer.

, энергетически заряжают атомы кислорода и разлагают молекулы озона на возбужденный атомарный и молекулярный кислород.At the same time, storage and delivery systems for the consumer are disinfected with chlorine periodically, for example, once a week, and the medium is contacted with ozone and irradiated with light quanta with a wavelength of less than 11400

energetically charge oxygen atoms and decompose ozone molecules into excited atomic and molecular oxygen.

 According to the method, the disinfection of water and its supply system to the consumer is carried out as follows.

 Water taken from the source is cleaned and disinfected with ozone using known methods and devices (for example, injected into an ejector, sparged in a contact chamber, etc.). Then the water can withstand the required time until the complete removal of ozone from it into the atmosphere. To reduce this time, they act on ozone with UV radiation, which decomposes ozone into atmospheric and molecular oxygen. After that, purified and disinfected water enters the consumer supply system through a filter, for example, sand, which purifies water from sediment (metal particles and salts previously dissolved in water and now oxidized by ozone). At the entrance to the feed system, pure water is already chlorinated (chlorine is dissolved in it using known methods and devices, for example, it is injected into an ejector). Due to the fact that the water has already been completely cleaned and disinfected with ozone, chlorine is not wasted on disinfecting water and is used only for disinfecting the internal walls of the supply system (storage tanks, pipes, valves, etc.), therefore, it requires little and in water it is in low concentration. A small amount of chlorine dissolved in water almost does not reach the consumer, because along the line disinfects the entire supply system (to the last dispensing tap). After such a disinfection cycle of the feed system, chlorine may not be supplied to it for some time, i.e. chlorination of water can be done periodically, for example once or twice a month. The rest of the time the consumer is supplied with clear "blue" water. The amount of ozone and chlorine, their concentration in water, exposure time for disinfection and purification of water and the system, the frequency of chlorination of water, (for disinfection of the supply system) exposure time for removal of ozone from water into the atmosphere, time and intensity of exposure to ozone with UV radiation and etc. choose and appoint in each case in relation to the existing conditions (water quality, season, worn supply system and its characteristics, etc.).

 Known installations for disinfecting water, containing a system for supplying water from a source to a consumer and a source of oxidizing working fluid of chlorine connected to it.

 A disadvantage of the known devices is their inability to purify water from metals (Fe, Mn, etc.). Known installations only disinfect water, that is, they kill the microorganisms in it. In addition, from the interaction of chlorine with organic compounds in water, dioxins harmful to humans are formed. It should also be noted that water disinfection by known installations requires a lot of chlorine, and this, in addition to high material costs, requires the construction and maintenance of special protected warehouses, which in turn violates the ecology and environmental safety, spoils the taste of water.

 Known installations for disinfection and purification of water, containing a system for supplying water from a source to a consumer and a source of an ozone oxidizing working fluid connected to it.

 A disadvantage of the known installations is the impossibility of ozone disinfection of the water supply system to the consumer (storage tank, pipelines, valves, etc.), since the system will be destroyed and the water will be clogged with metal particles (due to the destruction of the metal of the supply system units by ozone) . Therefore, the presence of ozone in the water supply system to the consumer is not allowed. To fulfill this condition, the water after treatment with ozone must be kept in a special container until the ozone is completely removed from it and only then be supplied to the consumer. In this regard, the system of water supply to the consumer will be untreated, which will lead to the appearance and multiplication of various microorganisms in it. Ozone-disinfected water passing through such a system of supply to the consumer can again be populated by microorganisms, which is also not allowed by sanitary standards.

 The aim of the invention is to provide high-quality purification and disinfection of water and a system for supplying water to the consumer without violating the ecology and environmental safety.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the installation at the outlet of the intake system an additional tank is installed in front of the filter, the cavity of which is connected to the ozone generator and divided by partitions into sections equipped with UV lamps, and a chlorinator with a source is connected to the input of the supply system in front of the storage tank chlorine.

 The scheme of the proposed installation is shown in the drawing.

 The installation consists of a system of intake 1 of water from source 2 by pump 3 through valve 4, a system of supplying 5 water to consumer 6 by pump 7 through filter 8, storage tank 9, valve 10. At the outlet of the intake system 1 of water, an additional tank 11 with a generator is mounted ozone 12 connected to it through a valve 13 and an ozonation collector 14. The ozone generator 12 is supplied with air from the atmosphere through a compressor 15. The tank 11 is divided by a partition 16 into two sections 17 and 18, the cavities of which are communicated in the upper part of the tank 11 and in each of which mounted and the lamp 19, the UV radiation protective cover 20 made of quartz glass. An additional tank 11 is installed above the storage tank 9 in such a way that water from the intake system 1 through the supply pipe 21 is supplied to the lower part of the section 17 by the pump 4, and from the lower part of the section 18 through the exhaust pipe 22 it can by gravity through the filter 8 enter the upper part storage tank 9. At the entrance to the water supply system 5, a chlorinator 23 is mounted with a chlorine cylinder 24 connected to it through a valve 25. The chlorinator 23 can be connected in parallel to the additional tank 11 with a pipe 26 so that the inlet is connected to the outlet and h pump 4, and the output to the supply system 5 after the tank 11.

 Installation works as follows. The pump 3 from the source 2 through the valve 4 and the supply pipe 21 supplies water to the section 17 of the tank 11 and into it also passes through the collector 14 from the compressor 15 and the ozone generator 12 a mixture of ozone with air, which, rising (sparging) up through the water, contacts with it, and ozone upon contact (as a good oxidizing agent) reacts with organics, metals and other substances in water, i.e. cleans and disinfects water. At the same time as ozone, microorganisms in water located in section 17 are affected by UV radiation from lamps 19, which also kills them. In known installations, UV lamps are used only for this purpose.

, и диссоциирует на молекулу и атом кислорода тоже в основных состояниях

.In the proposed installation of the lamp 19 perform another, more effective function of the decomposition of ozone and the excitation of the obtained atoms and oxygen molecules. From UV rays, an ozone molecule in the ground state O ₃ ('A) receives energy h _ν , i.e. light wavelength quanta

, and dissociates into a molecule and an oxygen atom also in the ground states

.

,
под действием УФ-лучей с

,
где

обозначают молекулу O₂ в возбужденном состоянии, а О ('Д) атом O в возбужденном состоянии (электрон находится на более высокой орбите).In parallel with this reaction, a reaction occurs:
under the action of UV rays with

,
under the action of UV rays with

,
Where

denote the O ₂ molecule in the excited state, and O ('D) the O atom in the excited state (the electron is in a higher orbit).

 Molecules and oxygen atoms in an excited (active) state have an additional supply of energy and therefore, they enter the oxidation reaction much faster and easier, i.e. improve and speed up the disinfection and purification of water in contact with them, i.e. they are consumed very quickly (they "live" for a very short time, not more than a second), then turning into ordinary atoms and oxygen molecules, even if they did not enter the oxidation reaction, simply due to the radiation of thermal energy when the electron returns to its normal orbit. As a result, the purification and disinfection of water improves and accelerates, and there is no emission of ozone into the atmosphere. It should be especially noted that in known installations and methods, the purification and disinfection of water is carried out mainly not by ozone itself, but by the products of its self-decay, atomic and molecular oxygen. However, without UV rays, ozone self-decay occurs slowly (in water up to several hours) and most of it is therefore emitted unused into the atmosphere, which in known installations and methods, in addition to the cost of producing ozone in a necessary large (increased) amount, leads to additional costs and inconveniences by its capture (during release), control and destruction. Just throwing ozone into the atmosphere is dangerous, because it is heavier than air, can accumulate below (on the ground), and its increased concentration can lead to poisoning of people, animals, resolution of buildings, mechanisms, materials, etc.

 In the proposed installation of ozone, a reduced amount is required and it is not required to trap and destroy it, because almost all of it is used for cleaning and disinfecting water (due to decomposition by UV radiation), which in turn reduces the dimensions of the contact chamber (tank 11), energy consumption, facilitates operation, and simplifies production.

 After treatment in section 17, purified and disinfected water overflows through a partition 16 to section 18. Excess air and a small remaining portion of unused ozone (if any) is released from tank 11 into the atmosphere. In the event that dissolved ozone remains in the water, another UV lamp 19 is installed in section 18, completely destroying (decomposing) the ozone residues in the water. From the lower part of section 18, water flows by gravity pipe 22 to a filter 8 (for example, sand) by gravity, where sediment is retained, i.e. Metals and salts oxidized by ozone (oxygen) in water. Then, gravity water enters the feed system 5 and into the chlorinator 23 (for example, an ejector). At the same time, chlorine (for example, gaseous) is supplied to the chlorinator 23 from the cylinder 24 through the valve 25, which dissolves in the water and with it enters the storage tank 9 and then through the valve 10 with the pump 7 into the supply system 5. Due to the fact that water has already been purified by ozone (oxygen), a little chlorine is supplied to water (to chlorinator 23), and it is used only for disinfecting the walls of storage tank 9 and water supply system 5 to consumer 6, i.e. does not spoil the taste of water and does not form dioxins in it.

 It should be noted that chlorine can be supplied not constantly, but periodically (for example, once or twice a month), which will further improve the taste of water (the rest of the time pure blue water without chlorine, microorganisms, harmful impurities is supplied to the consumer).

 If it is necessary to supply water to the chlorinator 23 under high pressure (parallel to the reservoir 11 from the pump 4), the water supplied through this line is disinfected with chlorine and transports chlorine to disinfect the storage tank 9 and the water supply system 5 to the consumer 6.

Claims (6)

 1. A method of disinfecting a fluid medium, for example water, and its storage and delivery systems from source to consumer, based on their treatment with an oxidizing working fluid, characterized in that the medium and systems are disinfected with different oxidizing working fluids: the environment is ozone at the outlet of the source, systems chlorine supplied to the medium after the removal of ozone from it and transported to disinfected systems using a ready-to-use medium.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the storage and delivery systems of the medium to the consumer are disinfected with chlorine periodically, for example once a week. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that at the moment of contacting the fluid with ozone, the latter is irradiated with light quanta with a wavelength of less than 11400

they energetically charge oxygen atoms and decompose ozone molecules into excited atomic and molecular oxygen.  4. Installation for disinfecting a fluid medium, for example water, and its storage and delivery systems from a source to a consumer, comprising a system for collecting medium from a source, a storage and delivery system for a medium to a consumer, their disinfection systems, characterized in that it is at the outlet of the intake system an ozonizer with a source of ozone is installed, and at the entrance to the storage and delivery system, a chlorinator with a source of chlorine. 5. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the ozonizer is equipped with a device for energetically pumping oxygen atoms and decomposing ozone molecules into excited atomic and molecular oxygen as a source of light quanta with a wavelength of less than 11400

for example a bactericidal UV lamp.  6. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the chlorinator is connected to the storage and delivery systems of the fluid to the consumer bypass in parallel with its main flow through the ozonizer so that the input of the chlorinator is connected to the output of the medium intake system in front of the ozonizer, and the output to the input of the storage systems and delivery of the medium to the consumer after the ozonizer.