RU2080633C1 - Galilee telescopic system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: optical instrumentation, telescopes, binoculars, geodetic devices and other visual optical devices designed for measurement or aiming at objects. SUBSTANCE: Galilee telescopic system incorporates objective lens 1 of positive focal power and negative eye-piece 3 of negative focal power, optical component 2 with grid inserted between objective lens 1 and eye-piece 3. Grid is made on first surface in path of ray. Value of air gap interval between objective lens 1 and optical component 2 with grid is determined from relationship: $$$, where $$$ is value of air gap between objective lens and grid, mm; $$$ is value of rear focal length of objective lens, mm; $$$ is value of air gap between optical component with grid and eye- piece, mm; $$$ is thickness of optical component with grid along optical axis of telescopic system, mm; $$$ is value of front focal length of eye-piece, mm. Last surface of objective lens in path of ray is made concave with ray splitting coat and faces grid with concavity. Radius of its curvature is found from following relationship: $$$, where R is curvature radius of concave surface with ray splitting coat, mm. EFFECT: expanded application field, improved functional reliability. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to optical instrumentation, and more specifically to telescopes, binoculars, geodetic instruments and other visual optical instruments for measuring or pointing to an object.

 A known construction of the Kepler telescope (Begunov B.N. et al. Theory of optical systems, M. Mashinostroenie, 1981, pp. 212-213, 227, Fig. 168 (a)), containing a lens and an eyepiece of positive force, and in the front the focal plane of the eyepiece can be additionally installed a reticle for measurements or guidance. This design allows you to measure the object or aim at it, however, it creates an inverted image of the object and does not provide a still image of the grid relative to the observed object when the observer's eye is shifted relative to the exit pupil of the telescopic system.

 A known construction of the Kepler telescope (Begunov B.N. et al. Theory of optical systems, M. Mechanical Engineering, 1981, pp. 229-236, Fig. 180, 182, 183), containing a lens and an eyepiece of positive force, as well as a prism or lens wrapping system and team, and in the front focal plane of the eyepiece can be additionally installed a sighting grid for measurements go guidance. This design creates a direct image of the object and allows you to measure the object or aim at it, however, it does not provide a still image of the grid relative to the observed object when the observer’s eye is shifted relative to the exit pupil of the telescopic system, and also has large dimensions and mass.

 The design of the Galilean telescope (Galilean telescopic system) (Begunov B.N. Theory of Optical Systems, M. Mechanical Engineering, 1981, pp. 212-213, 228-229, Fig. 168 (b)) containing a positive lens was chosen as a prototype optical power and eyepiece of negative optical power. This design creates a direct image of the object and has small dimensions and mass, however, it does not allow to make measurements of the object or aim at it. This factor reduces the scope of Galileo's telescope.

 An object of the invention is to provide the ability to measure or aim at an object observed through a telescopic system, to provide a still image of the grid relative to the observed object when the observer’s eye is shifted relative to the exit pupil of the telescopic system, to reduce the size and mass of the telescopic system, while providing a direct image of the observed object.

где d₁ величина воздушного промежутка между объективом и сеткой, мм;

величина заднего фокального отрезка объектива, мм;
d₂ величина воздушного промежутка между оптическим компонентом с сеткой и окуляром, мм;
d_n толщина оптического компонента с сеткой по оптической оси телескопической системы, мм;

величина переднего фокального отрезка окуляра, мм,
а последняя по ходу луча поверхность объектива выполнена вогнутой, со светоделительным покрытием и обращена вогнутостью к сетке, а радиус ее кривизны определен из следующего соотношения:

где R радиус кривизны вогнутой поверхности со светоделительным покрытием, мм.The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known design of the Galileo telescope containing a lens of positive optical power and an eyepiece of negative optical power, an optical component is introduced into the beam path between the lens and the eyepiece with a grid deposited on the first surface along the beam, and the air gap between the lens and the optical component with the grid is determined from the relation

where d _{1 the} value of the air gap between the lens and the grid, mm;

magnitude of the rear focal segment of the lens, mm;
d _{2 the} size of the air gap between the optical component with the grid and the eyepiece, mm;
d _{n the} thickness of the optical component with a grid along the optical axis of the telescopic system, mm;

the magnitude of the anterior focal segment of the eyepiece, mm,
and the lens surface last along the beam is concave, with a beam-splitting coating and facing concave to the grid, and the radius of its curvature is determined from the following relation:

where R is the radius of curvature of the concave surface with a beam splitting coating, mm

где f фокусное расстояние зеркала,
причем передний и задний фокус зеркала совпадают и f=R/2. Подставляя в формулу Ньютона (zz'=ff') z и z', получаем соотношение (2). Это соотношение позволяет совместить изображение сетки с передней фокальной плоскостью окуляра. Далее необходимо совместить в передней фокальной плоскости изображение объекта, создаваемое объективом, с изображением сетки. Для этого необходимо выполнить следующее требование:

, где S' удаление изображения сетки от зеркала.Using the Galileo telescope scheme as a base system allows reducing the size and weight of the telescopic system while providing a direct image of the observed object, the implementation of the air gap between the lens and the grid in accordance with relation (1) allows you to combine the rear focal plane of the lens with the front focal plane of the eyepiece and obtain after the eyepiece an infinitely distant image of the object, introducing the rays between the lens and the optical eyepiece component with a grid on the surface facing the lens, and simultaneous execution of the last along the beam surface of the lens translucent, concave and facing concavity to the grid, with a radius of curvature determined from relation (2), allows you to reflect optical radiation from the grid, illuminated by radiation from the object , and form a grid image superimposed on the image of the observed object in the rear focal plane of the lens. In the Galileo telescope and the magnifier (the last, translucent, concave, concave facing the grid surface of the lens and the eyepiece of the telescopic system form a magnifying glass), the position of the exit pupil is determined by the position of the pupil of the observer’s eye (Begunov B.N. et al. Theory of optical systems, M. Mashinostroenie, 1981, pp. 196, 228), in which the exit pupils of both channels are combined, which ensures the immobility of the image of the grid relative to the observed object when the observer's eye is shifted relative to the exit pupil telescopically th system. Relations (1), (2) were obtained on the basis of the following considerations: a beam-splitting surface should transmit radiation from the object and at the same time reflect optical radiation from the grid in the direction of the eyepiece and form its image in its front focal plane, combined with the image of the object formed by the telescopic lens system. Thus, the translucent surface for the grid will be a mirror and the position of the grid relative to the focus of this surface will be determined by a segment
zd ₁ -f,
and the position of the image relative to the focus is a segment

where f is the focal length of the mirror,
moreover, the front and rear focus of the mirror coincide and f = R / 2. Substituting z and z 'into Newton’s formula (zz' = ff ') z, we obtain relation (2). This ratio allows you to combine the image of the grid with the front focal plane of the eyepiece. Next, you need to combine in the front focal plane the image of the object created by the lens with the image of the grid. To do this, the following requirement must be met:

where s' is the removal of the grid image from the mirror.

 The drawing shows a schematic optical diagram of the implementation of the Galilean telescopic system, including a positive optical power lens 1, the last surface of which is concave, with a beam splitting coating and facing concavity to the optical component 2, with a grid deposited on the first surface of the beam located between the lens 1 and eyepiece of negative optical power 3.

 Using the drawing, the relation (1) is obtained, which allows superimposing the image of the grid on the image of the object.

 The work of the Galilean telescopic system with a collimator network is carried out as follows: the optical radiation from the object falling into the lens 1 of positive optical power is partially reflected from the last surface of the lens, made concave, with a beam-splitting coating, facing concavity to the optical component 2, and forms spurious radiation, and the rest of the radiation is focused in the front focal plane of the eyepiece 3 of negative optical power and at the same time illuminates the grid, the surface of the optical component 2 located on the first along the beam, the last surface of the lens partially transmitting radiation from the grid in the direction of the object and forming spurious radiation, and partially reflecting in the direction of the eyepiece and creating a grid image superimposed on the image of the object in the front focal plane of the eyepiece, created by the lens and examined using an eyepiece, and the exit pupils of the telescopic system that forms the image of the object and the system that forms the image of the grid are combined in the entrance pupil of the observer’s eye, which ensures the immobility of the grid image relative to the image of the object when the observer’s eye is displaced relative to the exit pupil of the telescopic system.

; d₂=1,86 мм; d_n= 2,0 мм;

. Оптическая система галилеевской телескопической системы, предлагаемая в качестве примера конкретной реализации, обладает следующими оптическими характеристиками: видимое увеличение Г_т=3,23х, угловое поле зрения 2w= 4,6 ^o. диаметр входного зрачка D_$=20,8 мм, расчетное удаление выходного зрачка

.As an example of a specific implementation of the Galilean telescopic system, an optical system is proposed that includes a positive optical power lens consisting of two lens components, the first of which is made in the form of a single biconvex lens 1 (1), and the second is glued from two lenses 1 (2) , 1 (3), the last surface of the second lens of which is made concave, with a beam-splitting coating and facing the optical component 2, made in the form of a plane-parallel plate with a grid deposited on the first along the path cheniya from the surface of the object located between the negative lens and the eyepiece optical power of 3, formed as a biconcave lens. The size of the air gap between the lens and the plane-parallel plate with the grid is made in accordance with relation (1), and the radius of curvature of the last surface of the lens is determined from relation (2), based on the following data:

; d ₂ = 1.86 mm; d _n = 2.0 mm;

. Optical system Galilean telescopic system, proposed as a concrete realization example has the following optical characteristics: visible increase in T _m = 3,23h, angular field of view 2w = 4,6 ^o. entrance pupil diameter D _$ = 20.8 mm; calculated exit pupil removal

.

 The totality of all the introduced features allows us to state that the problem of providing measurements or pointing at an object observed through a telescopic system was solved in the Galilean telescopic system; while providing a direct image of the observed object.

Claims (1)

Galilean telescopic system containing a lens of positive optical power and an eyepiece of negative power, characterized in that an optical component is introduced into the beam path between the lens and the eyepiece with a grid deposited on the first surface along the beam, the air gap between the lens and the optical component with a grid determined from the relation

where d _{1 the} value of the air gap between the lens and the grid, mm;

magnitude of the rear focal segment of the lens, mm;
d _{2 the} size of the air gap between the optical component with the grid and the eyepiece, mm;
d _{n the} thickness of the optical component with a grid along the optical axis of the telescopic system, mm;

the magnitude of the anterior focal segment of the eyepiece, mm,
and the lens surface last along the beam is concave, with a beam-splitting coating, and facing concavity to the grid, and its radius of curvature is determined from the following relation:

where R is the radius of curvature of the concave surface with a beam splitting coating, mm