RU2079786C1 - Method to intensify burning of flame torch in furnace of boiler installation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering; boiler installations. SUBSTANCE: flame is treated by strong electric field, for instance from that of adjustable voltage and adjustable frequency high voltage converter; high voltage potentials of electric field are supplied to nozzle insulated from furnace and ground and to hot-water boiler, also electrically insulated from furnace. Owing to catalytic action of electric field onto flame torch, additional ionization is provided, fuel radicals are broken finely and are mixed with ionized air in zone of burning, additional "fresh" electrons from needles 5 located on boiler surface are introduced into flame torch and as a result, number of burning centers of radical chain fission reactions, is increased. EFFECT: improved flame burning process. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to fire technologies, and more particularly, to a power system, in particular, to methods for controlling the process of burning fuel in heat power plants, for example, in boiler plants.

 Known methods and devices for converting the chemical energy of a fuel, for example, gas, fuel oil into the heat energy of water, boiler steam by burning this fuel in a furnace, followed by thermal heating from a heat carrier flame, for example, water in a boiler, and the discharge of exhaust gases into the environment (analogues Polytechnical Dictionary, M. 1976, p.196).

 The disadvantages of analogues are the low intensity of fuel combustion in the flame, in the toxicity of the exhaust gases, their large volume, reduced heat transfer from the torch to the boiler, especially in conditions of increased soot formation on the walls of the boiler, because carbon black is a good heat insulator.

 To increase the intensity of combustion, they use air blasting, which significantly increases the volume of toxic toxic gases.

 Known methods and devices for intensifying the combustion of a torch in a furnace by cyclone swirling of fuel, or air, or the entire fuel-air mixture (ibid., P. 544 prototype).

 Due to better mixing, the degree of fuel combustion in the flare improves, the flame temperature and the productivity of the furnace increase, however, the volume of toxic waste gases increases and the energy consumption for aerodynamic swirling of the fuel mixture increases.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the intensity of combustion of the torch in the furnace while improving the energy and environmental performance of the process of burning fuel in the furnace.

 The proposed method of intensifying the combustion of a flame in a furnace, for example, a boiler installation, by interconnecting regulation and supply of fuel and oxidizer to the furnace, for example, through a nozzle of a burner, depending on the temperature of the water in the boiler and the environmental parameters of the exhaust gases, in which a new processing operation is introduced a torch with a longitudinal electric field with an intensity of at least 1 kV / cm, and the potentials of the aforementioned electric field are fed to a nozzle electrically insulated from the boiler furnace body and to an electrical insulation A water boiler, which is connected from the furnace body, and the electric field intensity is regulated depending on the current consumption of the high-voltage electric field source and on the flame burning parameters (composition and volume of toxic gases, flame temperature), for example, when the current source of the field source increases sharply, the electric field decreases, and at the same time, the fuel supply to the burner is reduced to a decrease in the source current; moreover, electrostatic atomization of the fuel is carried out in the said electric field, the number and length are regulated in boiler needles.

 The invention (see drawing) is illustrated by the example of a chamber furnace with an electric combustion catalyst.

 The upgraded chamber furnace of the boiler installation consists of a nozzle 1 of a burner 2 connected through an electric insulator 3, a combustion chamber 4 (a lining and a heat screen inside the furnace are not shown), a boiler 5 installed through electric insulators 6 on top of the furnace 4 and having water supply and discharge regulators 7 , chimney 8, ash bin, slag 9, supports 10.

 The power unit of a high-voltage voltage converter (electric field source) 11 with a control system 12 connected at the input through a logic-functional converter 13 to the outputs of the combustion mode sensors 14 and the current sensor 15 is also included in the device. The needles on the lower surface of the boiler 5 are designated 5a.

In the drawing, the flame torch is indicated by 16, and the exhaust gases by 17, fuel T, air B, water H ₂ O.

 Installation works as follows.

 After feeding the fuel-air mixture through the burner 2 and spraying it with a nozzle, the mixture is ignited, for example, by the electric spark method. Next, the torch 16 is treated with a strong electric field from a high-voltage source 11, after which the electric field is controlled by adjusting the duty cycle and (or) the frequency of the high-voltage pulses from the control system 12, and the control action for block 11 forms a logically functional converter 13 as a function of the signals from the current sensor 15 and from the sensors of the burning mode of the torch 16, moreover, the control algorithm consists in regulating the electric field strength, for example, reducing it with a sharp increase in current will convert Jelya 11 to eliminate the mode of electric arc through a torch from the nozzle 2 to the boiler 5 and fine-tuning the electric field as a function of the composition of the toxic toxic gases 17 with the aim of maximum cleaning.

 This second control loop is essentially subordinate to the main control loop, for example, stabilizing the load current of the converter 11. The current is also controlled by changing the number and length of needles (spikes) 5a from the bottom of the boiler 5 (the mechanism is not shown in the drawing).

 The development of the invention can also serve as the operation of additional afterburning of the exhaust gases by an electric field from the source 11, for which it is necessary to introduce a coaxial electrode (not shown) on the insulator and electrically connect it to the water boiler 5. In this case, additional electrostatic cleaning and afterburning of the toxic components of the exhaust gases is provided.

The intensification of the combustion process of the flame in the furnace is achieved due to the following:
a strong electric field from the high-voltage source 11 very ionizes the flame, introduces the "fresh" electrons and removes unburned fuel radicals from the flame, crushes the fuel particles in the electric field, carries out its electrostatic atomization to a molecular level, as a result of which the temperature of the flame 16 increases, decreases the required fuel and air consumption, the volume of toxic waste gases 17 is reduced due to the complete combustion of hydrocarbons, soot components and additional oxidation in ozonized electrification constant medium surrounding the plume 16 of carbon monoxide to harmless carbon dioxide.

 An additional positive effect of the method consists in increasing the heat transfer from the flame 16 to the boiler 5 in view of the afterburning of the soot component of the exhaust gases 17, which were previously intensively deposited on the surface of the boiler, as well as due to an increase in the heat transfer of hot electrified air molecules to the boiler 5, and not to the chimney 8 as it was before.

 Due to the reduction in the required oxidizer (air B) flow rate, the total volume of toxic toxic gases is reduced, and the flame of the flame is intensified by electron-ion blasting through the nozzle 1 and the needle surface of the boiler 5 (needles 5a are adjustable). Regulation of the electric field strength of the source 11 through the control system 12, depending on the current sensor 15, allows to eliminate the electric arc mode (discharge) of the high-voltage source through the flame 16 to the boiler 5. Fine control of the electric field by the source 11 as a function of the composition of the toxic waste gases 17 can significantly minimize their number.

Claims (1)

 A method of intensifying the burning of a flame in a furnace of a boiler plant by interconnecting regulation and supplying fuel and an oxidizing agent to a furnace through a nozzle of a burner, characterized in that the flame is treated with an electric field with a strength of at least 1 kV / cm, and the potentials of the said electric field are fed to the nozzle, electrically insulated relative to the furnace of the boiler, and to the water boiler isolated from the furnace, and the electric field is regulated depending on the current consumption of the source of the electric field and from the burning parameters of the torch, and with an increase in the consumed current, the electric field is reduced with a simultaneous decrease in the fuel supply to the burner, electrostatic atomization of the fuel is carried out in the electric field, the electron emission current is controlled by changing the number and length of needles (spikes) from the surface of the hot boiler towards the flame torch.