RU2079446C1 - Bubbler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water cleaning. SUBSTANCE: bubbler has perforated tubular base and porous member. The bubbler has an additional tube of predetermined thickness of dielectric or non-magnetic material with built-in semi-ring control members. The porous member is replaceable and coaxial to the base. EFFECT: adjustable perforation, adjustable blowdown rate, effective water cleaning. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of water treatment and can be used in the development and design of treatment facilities, drinking water treatment systems, as well as in the disinfection systems of swimming pools, crops, seeds and animal feed.

 It is known that any public utilities contains a number of integrated systems for water treatment and purification of various effluents.

 In all these systems and installations, open tanks (pool) and hermetically closed tanks (tanks) are used, in which the processes of ozonation (oxidation) are carried out using bubblers (a device for liquid aeration).

In all such facilities for converting the flow of ozone-air, air or purely oxygen medium of a certain flow rate Q m ³ / h. bubblers are needed in gas bubbles of a given size d _о , which provide the necessary cleaning processes (oxidation and recovery) and disinfection (destruction of microbes, viruses and organic harmful elements) of the liquid being cleaned.

In most well-known bubbler designs, only the transfer of an unregulated amount of oxidizing agent to a strictly specified volume of an unknown (often variable) composition of the liquid being cleaned is used [1]
A bubbler is a pipe perforated over a certain length connected to a gas pipeline through which an oxidizing agent is supplied, and the pipe itself is placed in a liquid, as a rule, near the bottom of a sump acting as an aeration tank or reactor.

окислителя на перфорированную трубу, выполняющую роль основания барботера, плотно насаживаются регуляторы гидравлического сопротивления [2] Иными словами устройство, позволяющее как-то регулировать перфорацию.For regulation even in a small range of flow rates

oxidizing agent on the perforated pipe, which acts as the base of the bubbler, tightly adjust the hydraulic resistance regulators [2] In other words, a device that allows you to somehow control the perforation.

 However, the range of regulation of the characteristics of such a bubbler is very small. As practice shows, in the manufacture of the bubbler base in the form of a mesh machine-like element of any cell, when it overlaps any perforation, clear "flooded" jets of gas flow into the liquid are formed.

 Therefore, in such devices in general it is impossible even to talk about any uniformity of bubble formation without special additional devices.

 Another known type of bubbler is an injector ejector, which works on the principle of a cyclone [3], which allows a certain amount of oxidizer to be pumped into a passing fluid stream. According to this principle, all treatment plants are built complexes of the leading European company Vedeko.

 However, this type of bubbler does not allow to regulate either the rate of outflow of the oxidizing agent or the size of gas bubbles with ozone, which carry out oxidation, reduction, and transfer reactions.

 This is only why Vedeco introduces special reactors into the purification system, in which the required chemical transformations are carried out.

The closest technical solution are proposals in which a porous pipe or discs made of titanium nitride and having monodisperse bubble formations [4] are used to control the uniformity of ozone outflow [4] The porous element is mounted above the perforated base and mechanically fixed with hairpin couplers [4]
However, this technical solution does not allow:
in the necessary range, regulate the rate of ozone outflow depending on the degree of pollution;
vary the size of the resulting gas bubbles;
achieve uniform outflow of gas bubbles over the entire surface of the porous nozzle.

 Therefore, for this bubbler, only the range of ozone-air flow rate through the ozone generator remains adjustable parameters, which is unambiguously associated with a change in the performance of the ozonizer used. Variation in ozone concentration is associated with a change in energy consumption per unit of fluid being cleaned.

 If the regulation of the flow rate determines the efficiency of the bubbler or bubble oxidation process, then the change in the exposure of ozonation is directly related to the economics of the cleaning process.

 The aim of the present invention is the development of such a universal bubbler design, which would automatically regulate both the intensity of the ozonation of the environment of a given flow rate, and within a wide range to change the size of the resulting gas bubbles.

где Δ_пэ толщина стенки пористого элемента;
K_пэ коэффициент прозрачности пористого элемента, пропорциональный его гидросопротивлению;
h зазор ресиверного слоя расстояние между внешним диаметром основания D_по и внутренним диаметром пористого элемента D_пэ, h 1/2(D_пэ D_по);
S_о полное сечение перфорации основания.This goal is achieved in that the bubbler containing a perforated tubular base and a porous element, characterized in that the base is placed an additional perforated thin-walled pipe made of a dielectric or non-magnetic material with built-in semi-ring ferrite control elements, and the porous exchangeable element is reinforced coaxially relative to the base with nuts with a given taper so that equality holds

where Δ _pe the wall thickness of the porous element;
K _pe the transparency coefficient of the porous element, proportional to its hydroresistance;
h the gap of the receiver layer the distance between the outer diameter of the base D _on and the inner diameter of the porous element D _pe , h 1/2 (D _pe D _on );
S _{about the} full cross section of the perforation of the base.

 The essence of the proposal is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows a longitudinal discharge of the bubbler.

The device comprises a bubbler base 1, made in the form of a metal pipe with an arbitrary shape of perforation at one end; moreover, the total area of the holes in the perforation S _about should be at least an order of magnitude larger than the area of its partition; at the ends of the perforation zone there is an external thread for conical nuts 2 3, and on the ends of the base 1 there is an internal thread for plug 4 on one side, and on the other for placing a standard Quantum PO electric injector (Moscow), which regulates the oxidizer supply through bubbler base, with windows 5 and scraper damper 6; over the base 1, a perforated tube 7 is dressed (made of a STEF-4M dielectric or vinyl plastic or any non-magnetic material) with a sliding fit of a strictly defined length l _t with a wall thickness Δ _t ≪Δ _pe and the hydroresistance of the whole compound R _g proportional to the ratio of the hydroresistance coefficients of the base and nozzles, i.e. R _g ≡ λ _t / λ _pe on which (7) semicircular electrodes 8 are mounted, controlled by a magnetic pulse coupling 9, providing the desired (required) displacement 7 relative to 1, so that the perforation area changes according to the law S _p = S _o exp (-x / λ _t ) and nuts 2 3 restrict the course of the pipe 7, on the nuts 2 3 coaxially to the base 1, an external porous pipe 10 is fixed. When assembled, the bubbler is placed near the settler 11 at a distance (from the bottom) of at least three diameters of the porous pipe 10.

 The porous element is made in the form of a pipe segment of length l made of titanium nitride by powder metallurgy.

при заданном расходе Q, т.е. изменяется скорость наполнения озоновоздушной смеси дополнительным объемом ≡h выполняющего роль ресивера и выравнивающего перепад давления ΔP по всей внутренней поверхности пористого элемента.The operation of the device is as follows: the ozone-air mixture flow of a given concentration and productivity O _s from the line connected to the ozone generator is fed to the input of the electric injector in base 1 and is divided into a number of jets determined by the used perforation S _p and falls into an additional volume with the cross section h formed by the pipe 7 and the porous pipe element 10. By moving the pipe 7 relative to the base 1, the area S _p or the flow rate is regulated

at a given flow rate Q, i.e. the rate of filling the ozone-air mixture with an additional volume ≡h acting as a receiver and equalizing the pressure drop ΔP over the entire inner surface of the porous element changes.

Since the transparency of the taken porous element k _{pe is} preselected from the average contamination of the treated effluent, the weighted average diameter of the bubbling bubble will be determined only by the pressure gradient ΔP at the interface between the transition into the body of the porous nozzle.

(Q=Q_exp(-λ_пэ/x) из перфорированной зоны, можно в широких пределах изменять ΔP на границе перехода дополнительного газового объема ≡h что приведет к изменению процесса газообразования пузырей с озоном в требуемых пределах неоднородного псевдоожижения при их равномерном выходе из дополнительного объема в очищаемую жидкость.By changing the flow rate of the supplied air flow mixture Q by moving the injector flap at a constant flow rate

(Q = Q _exp (-λ _pe / x) from the perforated zone, ΔP can be widely varied at the transition boundary of the additional gas volume ≡h, which will lead to a change in the process of gas formation of bubbles with ozone within the required limits of inhomogeneous fluidization upon their uniform exit from the additional volume into the liquid being cleaned.

и l, можно обеспечить весь диапазон существования неоднородного псевдоожижения очищаемой жидкости с барботирующим процессом от ламинарного потока неоднородного псевдоожижения до поршникового эффекта. По закону Дарен-Вейсбаха, определяющему скачок давления ΔP на границе перехода к внутренней поверхности пористого элемента при заданном диаметре основания D_по:

где

-коэффициент, определяющий гидравлическое сопротивление на переходе;
S_п=S₀e^-a/x площадь перфорации основания с
Re коэффициент, определяющий число Рейнольдса (для ламинарных потоков определяемое по уравнению Пуазейля, а при наличии турбулентности по Блейку и Карману).Varying

and l, it is possible to ensure the entire range of existence of a non-uniform fluidization of the liquid being cleaned with a bubbling process from a laminar flow of a non-uniform fluidization to a piston effect. According to the Darren-Weisbach law, which determines the pressure jump ΔP at the transition to the inner surface of the porous element at a given base diameter D _{according to} :

Where

- coefficient determining the hydraulic resistance at the transition;
S _p = S ₀ e ^{-a / x the} area of perforation of the base with
Re is the coefficient that determines the Reynolds number (for laminar flows determined by the Poiseuille equation, and in the presence of turbulence according to Blake and Karman).

где ρ и μ плотность и вязкость очищаемой жидкости.On the other hand, to achieve an inhomogeneous fluidization with the presence of bubbling bubbles of a given dispersed composition, the ozone-air mixture outflow rate must correspond to the relation (Andrianov equation):

where ρ and μ are the density and viscosity of the liquid being cleaned.

где Q расход в единицу времени;

гидравлическое сопротивление всей системы;
ε_н коэффициент, характеризующий потерю напора на гране перехода смеси из реверсивного объема в пористый элемент.In the presence Receiver volume between D and D _{by Peh} its filling rate is

where Q is the flow rate per unit time;

hydraulic resistance of the entire system;
ε _{n is the} coefficient characterizing the pressure loss on the face of the transition of the mixture from the reverse volume to the porous element.

ε_o удельное трение озоновоздушной смеси о стенки каналов пористого элемента.In accordance with the theory of fluidization, the hydroresistance of the porous element as a homogeneous lattice is defined as

ε _o specific friction of the ozone-air mixture on the walls of the channels of the porous element.

При этом для ламинарного истечения (малые значения Re) O $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2-}}{\text{3}}$ это соотношение примет вид:

Для больших значений Re при наличии существенных турбулентностей

В практических комплексах очистки стоков и питьевой воды возможности используемых типовых генераторов озона существенно ограничивают связь между h, Δ_пэ, K_пэ и S_п через заданные (выбранных) S₀, l и Q. Для озонаторов с диэлектрическими покрытиями для поддержания требуемой концентрации [г/м³ O $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2-}}{\text{3}}$ ] необходим диапазон 1,2≅Q≅10 м³/ч. Для стандартных труб из нитрида титана или перфорированных труб возможная граница изменения поверхности перфорации определяется как 0,5S₀≅S_п≅S₀
При отмеченных ограничениях характерное соотношение принимают вид

При этом максимальный коэффициент 0,6 характеризует начало стадии неоднородного псевдоожижения с барботирующими пузырьками, выше которого они просто не образуются. Минимальный коэффициент 0,1 показывает, что при меньшем гидросопротивлении (меньшая величина толщины стенки пористого элемента или перфорации) возникает поршневой режим барботажа (коагуляции пузырей в единый до размера полного сечения отстойника), при котором уже невозможны химические реакции окисления и восстановления свободным озоном.Considering the porous element by Δ _pe and l, we determine the size of the required receiver volume as

Moreover, for laminar outflow (small values of Re) O $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2-}}{\text{3}}$ this ratio will take the form:

For large Re values in the presence of significant turbulence

In practical wastewater and drinking water treatment complexes, the capabilities of the typical ozone generators used significantly limit the connection between h, Δ _pe , K _pe and S _p through given (selected) S ₀ , l and Q. For ozonizers with dielectric coatings to maintain the required concentration [g / m ³ O $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2-}}{\text{3}}$ ] a range of 1.2≅Q≅10 m ³ / h is required. For standard titanium nitride pipes or perforated pipes, the possible boundary of the change in the perforation surface is defined as 0.5S ₀ ≅S _p ≅S ₀
Under the noted limitations, the characteristic ratio takes the form

Moreover, the maximum coefficient of 0.6 characterizes the beginning of the stage of heterogeneous fluidization with bubbling bubbles, above which they simply do not form. The minimum coefficient of 0.1 shows that with less hydroresistance (a smaller wall thickness of the porous element or perforation), a piston mode of bubbling occurs (coagulation of bubbles into a single tank equal to the size of the full cross section of the sump), in which chemical reactions of oxidation and reduction with free ozone are no longer possible.

 Thus, the invention solves the most important problems of the structural implementation of the bubbler to ensure an intensive and regulated ozonation process.

The use of adjustable perforation, flow rate and additional gas gap h, characteristics of the porous nozzle (Δ _pe K _pe , D _pe , l) ensures optimal functioning of the bubbler when cleaning and disinfecting any aqueous medium.

 The proposed technical solution has important advantages in its design, because It was aimed at solving the problems that the conversion posed. Most of the details in the proposed device are supposed to be borrowed from previously widely used components in rocket science in the manufacture of high-precision liquid fuel filters, as well as in aircraft fuel cleaning systems.

 These parts (perforated bases, porous nozzles, conical nuts, electrohydrodynamic injectors and pulsed magnetic couplings) are produced in large quantities by enterprises of the military-industrial complex of Russia.

It should be noted that, unlike ceramic porous elements, titanium nitride pipes in sewage treatment plants practically do not overgrow during the treatment of even agro-industrial effluents, and their porosity and transparency coefficient K _pe remains unchanged.

In the proposed design, the change of the porous element to another (with excellent Δ _pe K _pe and l) is provided by a taper nut 2 3 by screwing the plug and one nut, even when the aeration tank is running.

Claims (1)

A bubbler containing a perforated tubular base and a porous element, characterized in that it is provided with an additional pipe of a given thickness placed on the base of a dielectric or non-magnetic material with built-in semi-ring controls, and the porous element is removable and nuts are fixed coaxially relative to the base with a certain clearance with a given taper so that equality holds

where Δ _p.e the wall thickness of the porous element, m;
to _{p. e} transparency coefficient;
h the gap between the base and the porous element, m;
S _{about the} total area of perforation of the base, m ² ;
D _{p . about the} diameter of the base, m