RU2079160C1 - Device measuring time - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: watch making industry. SUBSTANCE: device measuring time includes source of motion with constant mean speed proportional to passing of time and digital panel (counter) realizing formula of time. At least one position of digital panel is calibrated in units of length ensuring reading of time in units of length by realization of formula

, where L₁ is distance passed with nondimensional unit (standard) speed of passing of time; C_st=1=l, equal to circumferential velocity of end of second hand. Device may have linear scale with length 2π (cm) or 10ⁿ, cm, where n=0, 1, 2 ..., calibrated in length units with indicator having standard linear speed C_st. EFFECT: improved functional precision. 10 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of instruments for measuring time, speed and their derivatives.

 There are known watches in the form of a digital display (counter) of the time of day, as well as counter mechanisms for digital indication of time with the numbers of hours and minutes plotted on coaxially located drums (wheels), where only one minor digit decimal counts the time in minutes from 0 up to 9.

Таковы, например, часы наручные механические марки "Ракета" 2609 НА ТУ 25-07 1206-78, выпускаемые ЛПО "Петродворцовый часовой завод".Also known are watches with a round dial, graded in hours and minutes, and a second hand, which has a constant angular speed:

Such, for example, are mechanical watches "Rocket" 2609 ON TU 25-07 1206-78, produced by LPO "Petrodvorets watch factory".

Ограниченно приемлемые для практического использования варианты выражения линейной скорости в безразмерных единицах (мерах) хорошо известны. Например, в сверхзвуковой авиации использовалась мера линейной скорости, приписывающая единичное значение "числа Маха" скорости звука: С 1 320 м/с, а в теоретической физике предлагалось считать численно равной безразмерной единице скорость света: С 1 3•10⁵ км/с.The disadvantages of the known time measuring devices come from the lack in science of clear answers to seemingly simple questions: "what is time?" And "what is the speed of the passage of time?" The unresolved nature of this “problem of time” explains a long-standing ideological misconception that recognized “time” (and not “speed”) as the primary explanation of natural science. That is why, having various "standards of time" (atomic, space, and others), metrology still does not have a "standard of speed", contradicting the basic idea of all measurements, which is compared with the standard. It can be shown, however, that all the so-called time standards actually use the property of approximate constancy of the average speed of the corresponding physical processes, that is, that all of them are actually “generators” of movements with a constant average speed C, which now models with a scale factor i> 0 absent, but objectively necessary dimensionless standard of linear speed:

The variants of expressing linear velocity in dimensionless units (measures) that are limited for practical use are well known. For example, in supersonic aviation, a linear velocity measure was used, attributing a unit value of the Mach number of the speed of sound: C 1,320 m / s, and in theoretical physics it was proposed to consider the speed of light numerically equal to a dimensionless unit: C 1 3 • 10 ⁵ km / s.

In astronomy, a unit of length of the light year is used (the distance traveled with the speed of light C 1 in one year), which would be convenient to consider as an astronomical measure of duration (time), defined in units of length: t = L ₁ / C = L ₁ .

The optimal variant of the transition to the measurement of speed in dimensionless units, providing the possibility of counting time in units of length, was substantiated by the author's axiomatic theory (1), which discovered that the formulas of all reliable laws of nature can (and should) be transformed into a form that clarifies their objective meaning when turn out to be functions of the degrees of the parameters of length / L / and speed / C /, having in the objectively true Absolute Metric / AM / system of measures a dimension equal to the degree of the difference in length (for example, a centimeter): Z = f (L; C) (cm ^{+ - X} ) AM.

Having determined the objective content of a number of basic concepts of natural science (mass, time, force, etc.), this theory showed, in particular, that of the three elements of the well-known formula for uniform motion: t = L / C, path L and speed C are primary and directly measured movement characteristics, and time t is their function equal to the distance L ₁ traveled with the dimensionless unit reference velocity of the “flow of time”: C _et 1. From this definition of time follows the definition of hours: the clock is a counter of the distance traveled with the reference velocity of the “flow” time. "

A consequence of the new theory was also the application N 4953913 from 06/27/91 for the invention of "A method of measuring time.", Which consists in setting the standard and counting the time using a measuring device that implements the time formula, characterized in that as a standard choose the speed of the end of the second hand of the reference radius R _et equal to the speed of the "flow of time", and the time is measured by measuring the length of the distance traveled with such a reference speed.

 The aim of the invention is to create watches that are adequate to their new definition, that is, capable of directly measuring time in its linear (objectively true) units, for example, centimeters or millimeters (and not “seconds” of a known system of measures).

 The technical result of the invention is also the simplification and universalization of the design of time measuring devices, the main elements of which will become interchangeable with elements of devices for other purposes.

Таково, например, устройство измерения времени, первый (младший) разряд табло которых оцифрован в сантиметрах числами от 0,2π до 6, а старшие разряды оцифрованы в традиционных минутах и часах.This goal will be achieved by a time measuring device, including a digital display summarizing time in accordance with the time formula, and a motion source with a constant average speed proportional to the "speed of time", characterized in that at least one digit of the display is digitized in units of length, allowing the reference time in units of length in accordance with the adjusted time by the formula: t = L ₁ / C _fl = L ₁ wherein L _1, the distance traveled with a reference speed "flow time" equal to the peripheral speed of the end ce undnoy arrow R _fl reference radius. Recognizing the reference speed as numerical equal to a dimensionless unit: C _et 1, and the radius R _et 1 cm, we obtain the following linear and known measures of time: t 1 cm 1 / 2π min, and the dimensionless and known linear velocity measures: C 1 2π cm / min showing that the equivalent of one minute is the path of the end of the second hand of the reference radius in one revolution:

Such, for example, is a time measuring device, the first (least) digit of the scoreboard of which is digitized in centimeters by numbers from 0.2π to 6, and the highest digits are digitized in traditional minutes and hours.

Таково, например, устройство измерения времени, использующее механический десятичный счетчик, колесо первого разряда жестко связано с валом двигателя, имеющим возможность вращения с постоянной угловой скоростью: ω.In mechanical design, the carrier of the first category of the time board has the ability to rotate with an average speed equal to the reference angular velocity of the second hand, which determines the ratio of the proposed and known measures of angular velocity:
w _et = C _et / R _et = 1 (1 / cm) = 2π (1 / min).
To a fuller extent, the idea of the invention is expressed by a time measuring device, where all digits of the scoreboard are decimal, numbers from 0 to 9 digitized in length units. In the mechanical design of such watches, the carrier of the first digit of the scoreboard can rotate at a constant average angular speed:

Such, for example, is a time measuring device using a mechanical decimal counter, the wheel of the first category is rigidly connected to the motor shaft, which can rotate at a constant angular speed: ω.

единичный период следования импульсов, суммируемых счетчиком, равный единице младшего разряда табло.In electronic design, the device has a binary counter associated with a single-frequency pulse generator: f = 1 / Δt, where:

the unit period of the pulses summed by the counter, equal to the unit of the least significant digit of the scoreboard.

 In FIG. 1 shows the appearance of a time measuring device in which time in centimeters counts the first digit of the scoreboard, as well as a scale indicator; in FIG. 2 is the appearance of a time measuring device, all digits of the scoreboard of which count time in units of length; in FIG. 3, a design variant of the time measuring device shown in FIG. 2; in FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a device for measuring time in units of length with a pulse generator of constant unit frequency.

The clock shown in FIG. 1, have a digital time clock 1, the first digit 2 of which is digitized in centimeters by numbers from 0 / 2π / to 6 and the highest digits are digitized in hours and minutes. In addition, this watch has a linear scale 3 with a length of 2π cm calibrated and digitized in centimeters with numbers from 0 to 2 cm, and pointer 4, which can move along the scale with the speed of time (reference speed): C _et = 1 = 2π (cm / min).

 In working condition, the pointer, moving on a scale, directly counts the time (within each minute) in units of length with an accuracy of greater accuracy of time counting by the first digit of the scoreboard working in parallel. At the moment when the pointer reaches the right end of the scale, the value of the second digit of the scoreboard (digitized in minutes) increases by one. At the same moment, on the left side of the scale, the pointer begins a new cycle of movement, etc.

Такое же время, но уже непосредственно в единицах длины: t 8134,6 (см) зафиксировали часы, изображенные на фиг. 2 и 3, имеющие 7-разрядный десятичный счетчик, где 1-й разряд 2 оцифрован в сантиметрах, 2-й дециметрах, 3, 4, 5-й метрах, 6,7-й километрах. Эти часы дополнительно снабжены шкалой 3 длиной 10 см, проградуированной в сантиметрах и миллиметрах, с тремя указателями 4, размещенными с интервалом, равным длине шкалы, на бесконечном носителе (например, гибкой ленте) 5, натянутой между ведомым 6 и ведущим 7 роликами, связанными конической зубчатой передачей 8 с валом 9 двигателя, где закреплено зубчатое колесо 10 радиуса R_эт, связанное с зубчатым колесом 11 радиуса R, передаточное отношение которых:

где

угловая скорость колеса 10;

угловая скорость колеса 11, имеющего радиус

.The time recorded by such a watch, for conversion to its linear measure, requires the following calculations, taking into account the fact that time:

The same time, but already directly in units of length: t 8134.6 (cm), the clock depicted in FIG. 2 and 3, having a 7-digit decimal counter, where the 1st digit 2 is digitized in centimeters, 2nd decimeters, 3, 4, 5th meters, 6.7th kilometers. This watch is additionally equipped with a scale of 3 lengths of 10 cm, graduated in centimeters and millimeters, with three pointers 4 placed at intervals equal to the length of the scale, on an endless carrier (for example, a flexible tape) 5, stretched between the follower 6 and the leading 7 rollers connected a bevel gear 8 with a motor shaft 9, where a gear wheel 10 of radius R _{et is} fixed, connected to a gear wheel 11 of radius R, the gear ratio of which:

Where

wheel angular speed 10;

the angular velocity of the wheel 11 having a radius

.

сообщает первому разряду счетчика времени вращение с угловой скоростью:

а указателю -эталонную линейную скорость: C_эт=2π(см/мин)=1 так что, когда указатель проходит от начала до конца шкалы длиной 10 см, колесо первого разряда счетчика, отсчитывающее время от 0 до 10 см, делает один полный оборот. При этом значение второго разряда счетчика, формирующего время в дециметрах, увеличивается на единицу и т.д.In working condition, the motor shaft, having a reference angular velocity:

tells the first digit of the time counter rotation with an angular velocity:

and the pointer has a reference linear speed: C _et = 2π (cm / min) = 1 so that when the pointer passes from the beginning to the end of the scale 10 cm long, the wheel of the first digit of the counter, counting the time from 0 to 10 cm, makes one full revolution . In this case, the value of the second digit of the counter, forming the time in decimeters, increases by one, etc.

 The longest time recorded in units of length by such a watch exceeds three years: t 9 999 999 cm ≈ 100 km> 3 years ≈ 99.1 km.

где

единичный период следования импульсов.Such watches will find application primarily for measuring time periods exceeding 1 day, for example, when determining the time of multi-day experiments, on spaceships, on long-distance trains, etc. The clock depicted in FIG. 4, have a 7-bit digital display 1, associated with a generator of 2 pulses of a single frequency:

Where

unit period of impulses.

,
где n число импульсов, суммируемых табло времени.In working condition, the GI pulses are summed up by a digital display that implements the time formula

,
where n is the number of pulses summed up by the time board.

. При этом на табло суммируются импульсы единичной частоты:

с периодом следования: Δt = 1(см).
Для повышения точности измерения времени число сигнальных меток колеса может быть увеличено до m 100, когда частота импульсов:

а период их следования: Δt = 1(мм)..The source of impulses of a single frequency can be (instead of a GI) a sensor mounted near the wheel (with m = 10 signal marks plotted at equal intervals), which can rotate at a constant angular velocity, for example

. In this case, the pulses of unit frequency are summed up on the scoreboard:

with a follow-up period: Δt = 1 (cm).
To improve the accuracy of time measurement, the number of signal marks of the wheel can be increased to m 100 when the pulse frequency:

and the period of their succession: Δt = 1 (mm) ..

 This invention, reforming the foundations of metrology, will find a particularly widespread introduction after the recognition of the Absolutely Metric system of measures, justified by the work (1), and other inventions of the author. This invention extends the progressive principles of the Metric system to the field of measurement of time (and speed).

Used Books:
1. Adelman M.S. Axiomatics of nature. The journal "Axiomatics of Nature", N 1, S.-P.1991 (1SSN 0131 9876).

 2. Time devices technical and clock mechanisms. Nomenclature reference. M: 1979.

 3. Electronic time devices. Semiconductor devices. Ser. 2, no. 7/211 /, 1977.

Claims (6)

1. A time measuring device, including a digital display (counter) and a pointer that moves relative to the scale divisions with a constant average speed, implements a time formula, characterized in that the least or all digits of the display, as well as the linear scale, are calibrated and digitized in units of length so allowing the realization that an improved expression formula time t L ₁ / C _et L ₁ scoreboard records (cumulative) in time units of length equal to the distance L ₁ traversed along the scale with the pointer unit (reference) speed C 1 _fl called "flow velocity time" equal to the peripheral speed of the end of the second clock unit (reference) of radius R _fl. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the reference radius R _et 1 cm, which determines the ratio of the dimensionless and known measures of linear velocity C = 1 = 2π cm / min and linear and known measures of time

where p = 3,14 ....
3. The device according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the lowest digit of the scoreboard is calibrated and digitized in centimeters by numbers from 0 to 6, where the start digit (zero "0") of the reference coincides with the digit of its end 2π corresponding to the longest time recorded by this digit t = 2π = 6.28 cm.
4. The device according to paragraphs. 1 to 3, characterized in that the carrier of the least discharge has the ability to rotate with a reference angular velocity

5. The device according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that all digits of the scoreboard are decimal digitized in units of length by numbers from 0 to 9. 6. The device according to paragraphs. 1, 2 and 5, characterized in that the carrier of the least discharge has the ability to rotate with angular velocity

7. The device according to paragraphs. 1, 2, 5 and 6, characterized in that it has a mechanical decimal counter, which is the carrier of the numbers on the scoreboard. 8. The device according to paragraphs. 1, 2 and 5, characterized in that it has a pulse generator of a single frequency

Where

or 1 mm, etc. unit period of pulses, equal to the unit of the least significant digit of the scoreboard.  9. The device according to paragraphs. 1 8, characterized in that it is equipped with a linear time scale, calibrated in centimeters, with a pointer that can move at a reference speed. 10. The device according to paragraphs. 1 to 9, characterized in that the scale has a length of 2π cm or 10 ⁿ cm, and at least three pointers are placed on an “infinite” medium with an interval equal to the length of the scale, where n 0, 1, 2, 3,

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