RU2077510C1 - Apparatus for producing drinking water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water treatment practice. SUBSTANCE: apparatus comprises body with pipe connections for water admission and water discharge, and, arranged in series inside body, pre-purification unit, fine purification unit in form of membrane reverse-osmotic element, and adsorption unit, all units being interconnected directly without intermediate cavities. Pre-purification unit comprises central perforated pipe, around which are arranged at least one filtering element and at least one separating net. Adsorption unit is made in form of cylinder accommodating central perforated pipe, to which is attached at least one spiral separator, between turns of which sorbent agent is placed. Water admission openings are formed around periphery of upper axial-end surface of cylinder, while lower axial-end surface of cylinder has at center water discharge opening communicated with central perforated pipe. Bag-shaped filtering element and separating net can be wound up spirally onto central perforated pipe. Alternatively, filtering element can be formed of filtering material laid around central pipe by concentrically arranged corrugations. EFFECT: reliable and cheap device for providing drinking water. 3 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of deep water purification used as a food product, as well as for medicinal purposes. Purification is carried out from virtually any impurities up to 10 ^-4 microns in size, which ensures the removal of impurities harmful to human health from drinking water, including organic components, microorganisms, heavy metal ions (chromium, cadmium, nickel, copper), radionuclides (strontium, cesium and others). The device can be used in the medical and electronic industries.

 A known method of water purification according to US patent N 4808287, CL. In 01 D 13/00, 1988, according to which the source water is passed through a pre-filter, and then sequentially through the first and second activated carbon filters and a protective 1-5 micron filter. The water stream flowing from the last filter is supplied by the first injection pump at a pressure of 2.1-28 atm to the first reverse osmosis chamber, where dissolved particles are removed. The stream flowing from the first reverse osmosis chamber is supplied by the second injection pump at a pressure of 28 atm to the second reverse osmosis chamber.

 Known (US patent N 4842724, class B 01 D 13/00, 1989) installation for the purification of drinking water, which contains a carrier compartment, which houses a pump with an electric drive unit and a membrane filter with an average pore size of about 0.5 microns and two fixed on the upper wall of the tank compartment, in one of which a portion of tap or similar water is poured, and in the other the purified product is collected as it is filtered. Untreated water and contaminated concentrate after cleaning are continuously circulated in the installation.

 Known (US patent N 4902427, CL 01 D 13/00, 1990) a filter for purifying drinking water from heavy metals, containing a filter cartridge for removing heavy metals from water, which includes a porous Central rod and helically wound on it in alternating order layers of fibrous and filtering materials, the latter impregnated with bone coal.

 These devices are notable for the complexity associated with the need to use hydraulic pumps and create high pressures up to 28 atm and insufficient efficiency, low reliability, and quick failure of the filter material.

 It is known (US patent N 4865726, class B 01 D 13/00, 1989) a device for producing drinking water, which contains a set of sequentially located means of water purification from chemical, biological and radioactive contaminants, from pathogenic bacteria, viruses and from ordinary solid inclusions. The first in the way of the incoming water is a coarse filter in the form of a perforated plate designed to remove large particles. Next are a fine filter that delays smaller inclusions, an ultrafilter that provides the release of water from the remains of undissolved impurities and a reverse osmosis separation unit. At the last stage, activated carbon is purified from residues of chemical compounds, including those with high toxicity. The ultrafilter and the reverse osmosis separation unit are interconnected directly without intermediate cavities. This device is the closest analogue of the invention.

 The disadvantage of the prototype is the low contamination of the pre-filter, i.e. its low reliability and quick failure. In addition, at the last stage of water purification, the known design does not provide uniform interaction of the entire mass of activated carbon with purified water.

 The present invention is aimed at simplifying the design, increasing the service life of the filter and the quality of the treated water, including its energy. The essence of the invention is as follows: the device comprises a housing with fittings for water inlet and outlet and a pre-treatment unit sequentially located inside it, a fine-purification unit in the form of a membrane reverse osmosis element and an adsorption unit. The pre-cleaning unit has a central perforated tube around which at least one filter element and at least one dividing grid are placed, and the adsorption unit is made in the form of a cylinder equipped with a central perforated tube in which at least one spiral separator, between the turns of which a sorbent is placed, while on the periphery of the upper end surface of the cylinder holes are made for water inlet, and in the center of the lower end surface of the cylinder water outlet opening communicated with a central perforated tube. At least one filter element and at least one separation grid can be attached to the central perforated tube and wound spirally thereon, while the filter element is made in the form of a sleeve of filter material with a drainage sheet embedded in it, the filter element can also be made in the form of filter material laid around a central perforated tube with concentric corrugations, while the separation grids are made in the form of concentric rings located between the cavities us and ledges corrugation.

The proposed design for producing water will allow:
provide deep water purification (table 1);
create a pre-filter with a large filtration area due to compact laying of the filter material;
reuse the pre-filter by periodically washing it;
ensure environmental safety of the population, as as a result of water treatment, toxic side impurities (“fragments”) are not generated and individual harmful impurities do not accumulate, but are carried away with the discharged water. It excludes the possibility of "slip", as well as spontaneous and volley "discharge" of harmful impurities in the filtered water;
provide a given level of purification by changing the pressure of the source of purified water;
to provide energy for drinking water and its biological value.

 The structural diagram of a device for water purification (Fig. 1) includes: 1 pre-treatment unit; 2 block of fine filtration; 3 roll reverse osmosis element; 4 tap-regulator of water pressure; 5 chamber of contaminated water (concentrate); 6 adsorption unit (activated carbon); 7 - output line of purified water; 8 line drain concentrate.

 The preliminary cleaning unit (first option) includes (Fig. 2): 1 - a sleeve of filter material; 2 dividing grid; 3 drainage; 4 handset; 5 block body.

The preliminary cleaning unit (second option) includes (Fig. 3): 1 - a sleeve of filter material; 2 dividing grid; 3 handset; 4 block body; 5 cuffs;
The adsorption block (Fig. 4) includes: 1 first wing of the spiral; 2 second wing of the spiral; 3 sorbent; 4 handset; 5 block body; 6 top end with a hole for water flow; 7 bottom end with a central hole for the tube and pins; 8 blank for the spiral; 9 spiral separator; 10 - holes in the upper disk; 11 holes in the tube.

 Description of the operation of the device.

 For the device to operate, it is necessary to supply water to the inlet of the pre-treatment unit under a pressure of 1 to 6 atm, for example, a water tap can be connected with a hose to the filter housing (Fig. 1).

 The source water entering the pre-treatment unit 1 (Fig. 2) is cleaned of impurities with a particle size of 5-10 microns. This occurs during the passage of the water flow through the filter material 1 of the pre-treatment unit (Fig. 2), and then through the drain 3 and the pipe 11. The accumulation of particles and dirt occurs at the beginning closer to the center of the filter, and then on the peripheral part. Water purified from large particles from the sleeve 1 enters the tube 4 and through it is sent to the molecular filtration unit 2 (Fig. 1), in which the water stream penetrates through the side surface of the roll reverse osmosis element 3, and then the stream moves along the membrane of the element 3 .

 As a result of this movement of the flow, part of the water under the influence of tangential pressure passes through the membranes and is sent to the absorption unit 6, the other part of the flow (contaminated part, untreated water), which did not pass through the membrane, passes between the layers of the roll of the membrane of the element 3 and is sent to the chamber 6 contaminated water, and then through the faucet 4 and hoses is sent to drain into the sewer.

 The purified part of the water enters the adsorption unit and then through the holes 10 in the upper end 6 (Fig. 4) is directed to the peripheral parts of the spiral 1, 2 and then, as it moves, the flow will sequentially pass through the entire volume of the sorbent through the holes 11 into the tube 4 to collect fully purified water, which is sent to the vessel 7.

 To regulate the cleaning mode, a tap-regulator of water pressure at the drain is used. To increase pressure and increase the degree of purification of drinking water, it is necessary to use a tap 4 to reduce the discharge of contaminated water.

 For the prevention and cleaning of the membrane of the reverse osmosis roll element, it is necessary to fully open the valve 4 for a while.

 With a decrease in the performance of the super-filter at a stable pressure of the initial stream, it is necessary to rinse the collapsible pre-treatment unit 1 (Fig. 1) by unrolling the sleeve 1 (Fig. 2) and washing it with detergents. After washing the sleeve 1, twist it into a spiral and install it in the housing 5 of the pre-treatment unit.

 Similarly, the second embodiment of the pre-treatment unit is used (Fig. 3). This device was developed at the stage of creating the prototype; in the fine-purification unit, the reverse osmosis roll element of the ERO-65-235 brand (TU 6-55-221-1341-93) was used. In the pre-cleaning unit, kapron, windproof, parachute fabric without dye is used as a filter material for the sleeve, a knitted fabric is used as drainage, a PTO-3 knitting base, dacron, and a polypropylene knotless mesh is used as a separator. In the adsorption unit, activated carbon of the AG-3 grade is used as an adsorbent. The table shows the technical characteristics of the prototype of the proposed device.

 In addition, the resulting drinking water is energized due to the rotation of the water flow provided by the design of the device as a whole and its individual blocks.

Claims (1)

1 1. A device for producing drinking water, comprising a housing with fittings for water inlet and outlet and sequentially arranged pre-treatment unit, a fine-purification unit in the form of a membrane reverse osmosis element and an adsorption unit, characterized in that the pre-treatment unit is equipped with a central perforated tube, around which contains at least one filter element and at least one dividing grid, and the adsorption unit is made in the form of a cylinder equipped with a central perforated a tubing to which at least one spiral separator is attached, between which the sorbent is placed, holes for water inlet are made along the periphery of the upper end surface of the cylinder, and a hole for water outlet made in the center of the lower end surface of the cylinder is connected to the central perforated 2 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one filter element and at least one dividing grid are attached to a central perforated tube and spiral about it wound, while the filter element is made in the form of a sleeve of filter material with a drainage sheet embedded in it. 2 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter element is made in the form of a filter material laid around concentric concentric tubes corrugations, while the separation grid is made in the form of concentric rings located between the troughs and protrusions of the corrugations.

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