RU207685U1 - LIGHT TRANSPARENT GUARDING STRUCTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the construction materials industry, namely to translucent structures of increased strength, and can be used in industrial and civil construction as facade or window structures, as well as to fill openings of ceilings or raised floors with translucent elements in the structures of individual sections such as walls, and skylights of buildings in the required spatial position. in the form of a fiberglass pultruded profile. A sufficiently strong and therefore reliable, durable and cheap translucent enclosing structure has been created, intended for use in industrial and civil buildings. th destination.

Description

The utility model relates to the construction materials industry, namely to translucent structures of increased strength, and can be used in industrial and civil construction as facade or window structures, as well as for filling openings of ceilings or raised floors with translucent elements, in the structures of individual sections as walls and skylights of buildings in the required spatial position.

Known translucent panel containing at least two layers of transparent material, located parallel at a distance from each other and the distance frame, forming an internal closed space, and the side surfaces of the frame are attached to the corresponding inner surfaces of the layers, in which each layer of transparent material is made made of glass, or polycarbonate, or polymer film, and the spacer is made of a rigid material with low thermal conductivity and is glued between the layers [UA No. 138533 U, E04 D 3/30, publ. 11/25/2019].

The disadvantage of the above object is that the glass unit requires additional frame structures for installation in openings, which can be made of various structural materials, for example, wood, aluminum, steel or composite materials.

Known translucent construction for construction purposes from two or more glasses, hermetically connected to each other, containing a rigid reinforcing profile, rigidly glued between the glasses along their edges, and an optional perforated spacer frame, rigidly connected with a rigid reinforcing profile, which are rigidly connected to the glasses. In a double-glazed unit, the profile is attached to the glass with a special multi-component highly adhesive adhesive [UA No. 114888 U, C04 B 23/00, C04 B 23/24, E06 B 3/66, publ .. 03/27/2017].

The disadvantages of this useful model include the impossibility of using it without additional frame systems for fastening to the supporting structures, and, as a rule, these structures are aluminum profile systems that reduce the thermal characteristics of the enclosing structures due to the high thermal conductivity of aluminum and require significant technological gaps due to significant difference in the coefficients of linear expansion of glass and aluminum.

The closest to the claimed utility model is a translucent enclosing structure, including a glass unit, in which the glass sheets are hermetically interconnected and fixed relative to each other by a rigid reinforcing profile and a spacer frame, while the rigid reinforcing profile is a spacer frame amplifier in the form of a fiberglass pultruded profile, fixing translucent structures in the required spatial position by mechanically attaching fixing components made of structural materials to it, while the spacer frame amplifier in the form of a fiberglass pultruded profile is connected to the glass unit with an adhesive adhesive [FR 2708030 A1, publ. 01/27/1995].

The disadvantages of this translucent enclosing structure are as follows.

Narrow focus in the field of glass envelope structures, since the use of this patent is only suitable for filling rectangular openings in the walls of the structure described in this patent, consisting of a frame and glass panels. This design does not allow the implementation in practice of the so-called. "Strip" facade glazing, when the double-glazed windows in the facade glazing are installed in one row with fixing only on the horizontal sides of the double-glazed windows. Likewise, this design does not allow it to be used in continuous facade glazing of buildings as a whole - visible bindings appear from the amplifier, which must be attached to some supporting substructure.

Low-tech manufacturing of the described design of a double-glazed window due to the small recommended gap (1 mm) between the glass panels and the reinforcing frame, as well as in connection with the recommended method of integrating the reinforcing profile into the glass unit: it is recommended to first install the frame from the reinforcing profile into the glass unit, and then put into the resulting gaps ( inject) adhesive. At the same time, it is not clear how the complete filling of all gaps between the pultruded reinforcing profile and the glass panels is guaranteed, and, therefore, the glass unit may leak due to the presence of infiltration defects.

Problems in calculating the static strength of such a structure due to the fact that the elastic moduli of the pultruded frame and the adhesive adhesive are described separately. Since the calculation of the bearing capacity of such a structure, consisting of interconnected parts made of various materials, is possible only by the finite element method, implemented in the form of a software package, then for a thin (1 mm) part (adhesive adhesive composition) of a large length (up to 6 m) finite elements with side lengths of the same order of (1-3) m 930,000 finite elements containing about 1,153,000 nodes (3,459,000 unknowns in the system of linear algebraic equations) taking into account the finite elements of the frame and glass. Such a huge number of finite elements in the computational model will lead not only to a long computation time (of the order of a day), but also to great needs, both of operational and disk memory, and at the same time, the accumulation of round-off errors when solving the problem of calculating the static strength will most likely lead to to unreliable results.

In addition, there are only two glass panels in a glass unit, and the recommended inter-glass space is too large and is equal to 25 mm. And, as you know, a further increase in the inter-glass space over 24 mm reduces the thermal characteristics of the glass unit, because when the inter-glass distance is more than 24 mm, convective flows appear inside the glass unit, which increase the heat exchange between the glass panels, and therefore worsen its thermal properties.

The utility model is based on the task of increasing the bearing capacity of a translucent enclosing structure using modified SPP, which allows it to be used as a single structure that takes on wind and / or snow load, and also meets the thermal, technological and waterproofing requirements in industrial and civil construction.

The problem is solved by the fact that in a translucent enclosing structure, including double-glazed windows, in which glass sheets are hermetically interconnected and fixed relative to each other by a rigid internal reinforcing profile and a spacer frame, according to the utility model, the double-glazed windows are additionally equipped with an external reinforcing profile of a U-shaped cross-section in in the form of a fiberglass pultruded profile.

Fixing elements in the form of plates made of metallic or non-metallic structural materials can be mechanically fixed to the ends of the glass units to fix the glass units relative to each other.

Fixing elements in the form of corners made of metallic or non-metallic structural materials can be mechanically fixed to the ends of the glass units to fix the glass units relative to each other.

To the outer and / or inner reinforcing profile, fixing elements in the form of corners made of metallic or non-metallic structural materials can be attached to fix the glass units.

The internal reinforcing profile of the glass unit can have a rectangular shape.

The internal reinforcing profile of the glass unit can be in the form of a profile pipe,

The internal reinforcing profile of the insulating glass unit can have an oval shape.

The internal reinforcing profile of the glass unit can have a U-shape.

A double-glazed window can have both an internal and an external reinforcing profile.

The glass unit can have an internal reinforcing profile, to which a reinforcing pultruded strip is mechanically attached.

A double-glazed window can be made as a single-chamber unit with an integrated internal reinforcing profile with a reinforcing strip.

A double-glazed window can be made as a two-chamber unit with an integrated internal reinforcing profile with a reinforcing strip.

The translucent enclosing structure, in contrast to the prototype, describes design solutions based on modifications of the increased strength insulating glass unit (HPS).

The production of SPP becomes technologically advanced due to modifications of the sections of the inner reinforcing profile, which makes it possible not to inject glue into the gaps, but to press the profile into the inter-glass space, or to press the glass unit into the U / W-shaped external reinforcing profile.

The area of application of SPP is expanding without the use of additional frame structures for installation in openings: skylights, external or built-in facade glazing, "strip" glazing, glass transitions, etc. due to the use of mechanical fastening of double-glazed windows both among themselves and to the edges of openings by means of corners and / or plates made of metallic or non-metallic structural materials. At the same time, there are no restrictions: by the value of the angle between the connected SPP, by the number of sides of the SPP and by the geometric surface of the SPP.

The availability of calculations for the static strength of both an individual glass unit and the structure as a whole remains, due to the introduction of the concept of the reduced modulus of elasticity of the edge joint (spacer frame, adhesive adhesive composition and reinforcing profiles), the cross-sectional area of which is more than an order of magnitude larger than the area section of the adhesive adhesive layer, which makes it possible to increase by an order of magnitude the minimum size (15-30 mm) of the sides of finite elements describing the edge connection, and this, in turn, leads to a significant decrease in the number of finite elements. So, for example, to solve the problem on the static strength of a glass unit measuring 4.2 × 1.6 m, approximately 152,000 finite elements containing about 289,000 nodes (867,000 unknowns in the system of linear algebraic equations) will be required. In other words, the required volumes of operative and disk memory are reduced, practically by an order of magnitude, and, accordingly, the accuracy of the calculation increases, which leads to a guaranteed reliability of the calculation results.

The translucent enclosing structure, which includes the SPP, in contrast to structures with ordinary glass units, in which only the outer glass is subject to static strength calculation, acquires the properties of a mechanical system of a profile tubular section, with a corresponding change in the calculation model for determining the bearing capacity of the SPP. The main criterion for ensuring an increase in the bearing capacity of a utility model is the reduced stiffness of the edge joint of the SPP in translucent structures, calculated on the basis of the physical and mechanical properties of the highly adhesive adhesive composition, the shape and physical and mechanical properties of the internal and / or external reinforcing profile, and have the following range of given physical -mechanical characteristics:

a) the reduced modulus of elasticity of the edge joint SPP: more than 4 × 10 ⁷ N / m ^2;

b) Poisson's ratio of edge joint SPP: 0.2-0.4;

c) tensile strength of edge joint SPP: more than 1.5 × 10 ⁶ N / m ²

The internal reinforcing profile in the SPP can have a rectangular, oval, round, tubular, or other shape that will give the entire structure increased strength properties without compromising the manufacturability of the SPP.

The outer reinforcing profile in the translucent enclosing structure can have a U-shape, which will give the structure increased strength properties without impairing the manufacturability of the SPP.

The connection of a glass unit with an internal and / or external reinforcing profile is carried out with a highly adhesive adhesive composition, which provides a high joint strength and the necessary climatic resistance.

The translucent enclosing structure using SPP is sufficiently strong, reliable, durable and relatively cheap, which makes it suitable for use in industrial and civil buildings.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated using schematic drawings, where

Figure 1 shows a typical cross-section of a single-chamber SPP blank;

figure 2 is a typical cross-section of a billet of a two-chamber SPP;

Fig. 3 is a typical cross-section of a single-chamber SPP blank with a pre-filled adhesive adhesive composition;

Fig. 4 is a typical cross-section of a billet of a two-chamber SPP with a pre-filled adhesive adhesive composition;

figure 5 is a typical cross-section of a single-chamber SPP blank with an internal reinforcing profile in the inter-glass space;

Fig. 6 is a typical cross-section of a billet of a two-chamber SPP with an internal reinforcing profile in the inter-glass space;

Fig. 7 is a typical cross-section of a blank of a single-chamber SPP with an internal reinforcing profile in the inter-glass space after removing the excess of the squeezed-out adhesive adhesive composition;

Fig. 8 is a typical cross-section of a billet of a two-chamber SPP with an internal reinforcing profile in the inter-glass space after removing the excess squeezed out adhesive adhesive composition;

in Fig.9. depicts a typical design solution for connecting two-chamber double-glazed windows of increased strength, lying in the same plane, to each other in a translucent enclosing structure of a "tape" type (horizontal section) or in a translucent enclosing structure of an anti-aircraft lantern (vertical section) without the need for additional frame structures;

Fig. 10 is a typical design solution for connecting double-chamber double-glazed windows of increased strength, located at an angle of 90 ⁰ relative to each other, between themselves in a translucent enclosing structure of a "tape" type (horizontal section), or in a translucent enclosing structure of an anti-aircraft lantern (vertical section) without the need to use additional frame structures, while the glass units are connected outside the room;

Fig. 11 is a typical design solution for installing a double-glazed window unit of increased strength into a prepared opening using mounting plates made of structural materials in a translucent window-type enclosing structure (horizontal and vertical section), while the glass units are fixed in the opening from inside the room;

Fig. 12 is a typical design solution for installing a two-chamber double-glazed window of increased strength into a prepared opening using mounting corners made of structural materials in a translucent window-type enclosing structure (horizontal and vertical section), while the glass units are fixed in the opening from inside the room;

Fig. 13 is a typical design solution for installing double-glazed windows with increased strength using plates of structural materials on a load-bearing metal structure made of steel strips;

Fig. 14 is a typical design solution for installing an inclined double-glazed window of increased strength using plates of structural materials on the supporting structure of an anti-aircraft lantern using pultruded brackets.

Fig. 15 is a typical constructive solution for joining double-glazed windows of increased strength to each other in "strip" facade glazing or in skylights using stiffeners made of structural materials;

in Fig. 16. - a typical design solution for installing vertically arranged double-glazed windows of increased strength one above the other on the supporting structure;

Fig. 17 is a typical design solution for installing vertically arranged double-glazed windows of increased strength without visible abutment elements on the supporting structure;

Fig. 18 is a typical design solution of planar and angular (90 ^° ) connection of single-chamber double-glazed windows of increased strength to each other in a "strip" facade glazing (installation from the street);

Fig. 19 is a typical constructive solution of an angular (90 ^° ) connection of two-chamber double-glazed windows of increased strength to each other in a "strip" facade glazing. (inner corner, installation from the side of the room);

Fig. 20 is a typical constructive solution of the angular (90 ^° ) connection of double-chamber double-glazed windows of increased strength among themselves in the "strip" facade glazing. (outer corner, installation from the side of the room);

Fig. 21 is a typical constructive solution of an angular (> 90 ^° ) connection of two-chamber double-glazed windows of increased strength to each other in a "strip" facade glazing. (obtuse outer corner, installation from the side of the room);

Fig. 22 is a typical constructive solution of an angular (90 ^° ) connection of double-chamber double-glazed windows of increased strength to each other in a "strip" facade glazing. (outer corner, installation from the side of the room);

Fig. 23 is a typical constructive solution of an angular (<90 ^° ) connection of double-chamber double-glazed windows of increased strength to each other in a "strip" facade glazing. (sharp outer corner, installation from the side of the room);

Fig. 24 shows a schematic diagram of the integration of an internal reinforcing profile having a rectangular shape into a preform of a single-chamber double-glazed unit of increased strength;

Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of the integration of an internal reinforcing profile in the form of a profiled tube into a preform of a single-chamber double-glazed unit of increased strength;

Fig. 26 is a schematic diagram of the integration of an internal reinforcing profile, having an oval shape, into the blank of a single-chamber double-glazed window of increased strength;

Fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of the integration of an internal reinforcing profile having a U-shape into a preform of a single-chamber double-glazed unit of increased strength;

Fig. 28 is a schematic diagram of the integration of an external reinforcing profile without an internal reinforcing profile into the blank of a single-chamber double-glazed unit of increased strength;

Fig. 29 is a schematic diagram of the integration of an internal reinforcing profile having a rectangular shape with an external reinforcing profile into the blank of a single-chamber double-glazed unit of increased strength;

Fig. 30 is a schematic diagram of the integration of the combined reinforcing profile into the blank of a single-chamber double-glazed unit of increased strength;

Fig. 31 is a schematic diagram of the integration of the combined reinforcing profile into the billet of a double-glazed unit of increased strength;

Fig. 32 is a schematic diagram of the integration of an internal reinforcing profile having a rectangular shape with a reinforcing pultruded strip into a billet of a double-chamber double-glazed unit of increased strength.

The translucent enclosing structure, according to the claimed utility model, is illustrated by drawings, where

1 - facade sealant

2 - double-glazed window of increased strength

3 - a sealant made of foamed polyethylene or isolon

4 - insulation made of extruded polystyrene foam

5 - corner made of structural material, metallic or non-metallic

6 - highly adhesive sealant

7 - corner-retainer made of structural material

8 - supporting structures (walls, floors, columns, etc.)

9 - anchor plate made of structural material

10 - pultruded channel (external reinforcing profile)

11 - sheet glass with a thickness of 4-15 mm

12 - internal reinforcing profile

13 - spacer metal or non-metallic

14 - primary sealing

15 - self-drilling steel screw

16 - steel expansion anchor or dowel

17 - bearing steel plate (strip).

18 - steel cap nut

19 - threaded steel rod

20 - pressure steel plate (strip)

21 - bearing profile putrusion pipe

22 - polyurethane foam insulation

23 - holding pultruded bracket

24 - fixing angle made of structural materials

25 - stiffener made of structural materials

26 - supporting steel bracket

27 - retaining steel clamp

28 - pultruded strip

29 - combined reinforcing profile

30 - secondary sealing.

In a double-glazed unit of increased strength of a translucent enclosing structure, glass sheets 11 are hermetically interconnected and fixed relative to each other by an internal reinforcing profile 12 and a spacer frame 13, an external reinforcing profile 10 in the form of a fiberglass pultruded profile allows mounting the SPP data of a translucent structure in the required spatial position using a mechanical fixing fixing elements to it in the form of plates 9 or corners 5 of structural materials.

The outer reinforcing profile 10 is located outside the SPP, covering the outer surfaces of the glass of the glass unit, and in special cases it can be combined with the internal reinforcing profile 12, and such an integrated profile is located simultaneously both inside and outside the glass of the glass unit with its certain configuration.

The outer reinforcing profile 10 in the SPP, used in the translucent enclosing structure, can be made of a composite material based on fiberglass pultruded materials.

The manufacturability of the SPP manufacturing consists in its manufacturing method, which consists of 3 main stages:

1. The blank of an N-chamber M-coal SPP (there is only primary sealing in a glass unit) is produced at a glass processing plant using a standard automated line for the production of glass units. Figure 1, 2 shows a typical cross-section of a billet of one- and two-chamber SPP.

2. The integration of the internal reinforcing profile into the glass unit blank is carried out in a special area at the same glass processing plant by pressing the internal reinforcing profile into the inter-glass space (Fig. 5.6), pre-filled with an adhesive adhesive composition (Fig. 3.4), into the SPP blank, located almost vertically. The excess squeezed out adhesive adhesive is removed and disposed of (Fig. 7.8). In this case, the gaps between the inner reinforcing profile and the inner surfaces of the glass of the SPP blank should be within 1.5-3mm.

3. Integration of the external reinforcing profile into the SPP is carried out similarly to the integration of the internal reinforcing profile into the glass unit blank, namely, by pressing the glass unit into the U / W-shaped external reinforcing profile, pre-filled with adhesive adhesive, in the workshop. The excess squeezed out adhesive adhesive is removed and disposed of. In this case, the gaps between the inner surfaces of the outer reinforcing profile and the outer surfaces of the SPP glasses should lie within 1.5-3 mm.

The utility model is illustrated by examples.

Example 1 (Figure 10)

A double-glazed unit 2 with a smaller protrusion of the outer glass and 15 corners 5 (25 × 25 × 4 mm), up to 70 mm long, depending on the size of the glass unit, are installed in the prepared opening for the translucent enclosing structure. and the level of wind load.

After installing and fixing the glass unit 2, install the second glass unit 2 so that the protrusion of the outer glass of the second glass unit 2 coincides with the outer plane of the first glass unit 2. Through the technological gap from the street side of the first glass unit 2, the second glass unit 2 is fixed relative to the first by mechanically fixing 15 corners 5 (25 × 25 × 4 mm) to the second glass unit 2, previously fixed to the first glass unit 2.

After mechanical fixation of double-glazed windows 2 through the technological gap, thermal insulation of the joint is carried out by filling it with a sealant 3, followed by sealing the external and internal gaps with facade sealant 1.

Example 2 (Fig. 9).

The first double-glazed unit 2 is installed in the prepared opening under the translucent enclosing structure. After installation and fixing of the glass unit 2, the second glass unit 2 is installed so that the outer planes of the glasses of the first and second glass units 2 coincide.

Thermal insulation of the glass unit joint is introduced into the technological gap between double-glazed windows 8-10 mm wide by filling with a sealant 3, followed by sealing the external and internal gap with facade sealant 1.

Example 3 (Fig. 15).

In the prepared opening under the translucent enclosing structure, double-glazed windows 2 are installed with pre-fixed ribs 25 of stainless steel with a thickness of 1.5-5 mm, depending on the size of the glass unit and the level of wind or snow load, along the entire length of the sides of the SPP.

After installation and fastening in the opening of the glass units, the ribs 25 are tied together with a threaded rod and nuts 18.

In the technological gap between the glass units 2, with a width of 16-24 mm, thermal insulation of the joint of the glass units 2 is introduced by filling with a sealant 3, followed by sealing the external and internal gap with facade sealant 1.

Example 4 (Fig. 12).

In the prepared opening for the translucent enclosing structure, 2 double-glazed windows are installed with pre-fixed on them in special grooves on 2 sides from above and below the L-shaped retaining brackets 7 from stainless steel 2-3 mm thick with a pitch of 350-500 mm, depending on the size of the glass unit and the level of wind load.

Thermal insulation is introduced into the technological gap between the glass unit 2 and the supporting structure 8 by filling it with insulation 4 made of extruded polystyrene foam.

Example 5 (Fig. 11).

Double-glazed windows 2 are installed into the hole, pre-glued into the outer reinforcing profile 10 (pultruded U-shaped profile), using highly adhesive sealant glue 6 with anchor plates 9 pre-fixed on it on 4 sides with a pitch of 350-500 mm, depending on the size glass unit and the level of wind load.

Thermal insulation is introduced into the technological gap between the pultruded profile 10 and the supporting structure 8 by filling with insulation 4 made of extruded polystyrene foam.

Claims (11)

1. The glass unit includes sheets of glass, hermetically connected to each other and fixed relative to each other by a rigid internal reinforcing profile and a spacer frame, characterized in that the glass unit is configured to form a translucent enclosing structure, is additionally equipped with an external reinforcing fiberglass pultruded profile of a U-shaped cross section, and fixing elements are fixed to the ends of the glass unit for fixing the glass units relative to each other. 2. A glass unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing elements for fixing the glass units relative to each other are made in the form of plates made of metallic or non-metallic structural materials. 3. A glass unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing elements for fixing the glass units relative to each other are made in the form of corners made of metallic or non-metallic structural materials. 4. A glass unit according to claim 1, characterized in that fixing elements in the form of corners made of metallic or non-metallic structural materials are fixed to the outer and / or inner reinforcing profile to fix the glass units relative to each other. 5. A glass unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner reinforcing profile has a rectangular shape. 6. A glass unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner reinforcing profile has the shape of a shaped tube. 7. A glass unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner reinforcing profile has an oval shape. 8. A glass unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner reinforcing profile has a U-shape. 9. A glass unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an internal reinforcing profile to which a reinforcing pultruded strip is attached. 10. The glass unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made single-chamber with an integrated internal reinforcing profile with a reinforcing strip. 11. The glass unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of two-chamber with an integrated internal reinforcing profile with a reinforcing strip.

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