RU2072769C1 - Amelioration facilities of desert valleys - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: irrigation and drainage construction, agronomy and agricultural technology. SUBSTANCE: amelioration facilities of desert valleys include reservoir (of pond type or a part of natural valley) rectangular or of some other shape in plan banked up over its entire periphery up to a definite elevation. The facility consists of solid reinforced concrete bottom and side inclined walls-slopes with water proofing of their internal surface protected with layer of concrete or brickwork in half-brick. lain in reservoir on its bottom are water pipes for heating of salt water, or thermal electric heaters. Laid in layers over the entire area of reservoir are stone lumps, boulders and separate stones to form inverse filter. At a definite elevation, filling is made of gravel preliminarily treated with hot bitumen. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of irrigation and drainage construction, as well as to agronomy and agricultural technology.

 The invention will find very wide application in southern regions with a dry hot climate if they have the appropriate reserves of salt water (because this invention eliminates the need for irrigation, fresh water), as well as the presence of local stone materials that will be possible to use for stone drafting. At the same time, it is not necessary to equip the valleys at all, because the proposed method allows it to be used for equipping desert territories with any relatively calm terrain, in particular, equipping rocky plateaus.

 An analogue of the proposed invention can take dams from stone sketches (see the Guide to agricultural construction. Author - compiler N.V. Krylov. SI. M. 1980, p. 569, Fig. 9). Shown in fig. 9 (diagrams A. B, C, D) the device of dams from stone outline indicates the widespread use of this method in agricultural construction. The main advantage of such structures, the possibility of widespread use of local building materials and the simplicity of the construction and installation works on their construction.

 The claimed arrangement also uses a stone sketch, but for a different purpose; it is used as a coarse-grained structure that performs the function of storing some stock of salt water, and as a supporting structure that accepts loads from the dead weight of all the upper layers of the device.

 Another analogue of the proposed invention is the digging pond (see Handbook on agricultural construction. Compiled by N.V. Krylov. SI. M. 1960, p. 574, Fig. 18 a). Section of a digging pond; b) Digging plan. The specified analogue, as well as the claimed solution, is a pit rectangular (preferably) in terms of shape. In all other respects, their device is different, and their functional purpose is also different.

 The disadvantages of this analogue include the relative narrowness of its functional purpose, namely, the inability to use it as a fertile plantation.

 As a prototype, a well-known method of irrigation using sea water according to Swiss patent N 672227, class. A 01 G 2/06, 1989. The reclamation arrangement adopted in this method operates on the basis of a distillation single-stage desalination plant of sea water, in which salt water is heated by sunlight, and the resulting steam, more precisely, air saturated with water vapor, enters the perforated pipes laid in the plant layer of soil, where it condenses.

 The disadvantages of this reclamation arrangement include the need to provide a significant area for a solar desalination plant, which reduces the useful (sown) area by about half. Another disadvantage is the inconsistent possibility of using, due to dust storms, solar energy even in the tropics. To all, the inoperability of the adopted method of supplying air saturated with water vapor through pipes with holes laid in the plant soil layer is clearly obvious due to the rapid and complete siltation of their holes; due to the need for frequent and thorough care of the plastic film. To all this, there is a danger of secondary salinization of the soil.

The purpose of the invention is the creation of a highly reliable device that allows you to equip, in fertile plantations, valleys, plains, plateaus with a relatively calm terrain, etc. Moreover, the reliability of such equipped plantations should be long, at least a thousand years, of course, with periodic, if necessary, leaching of the soil from secondary salinization once every twenty to thirty years of continuous operation. At the same time, such equipped plantations should ensure the harvesting of 3-4 crops per year, or allow 10 cuts of alfalfa (for livestock feed), which ultimately aims to supply at least full-fledged food
The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the reclamation arrangement of desert valleys, including a device for heating salt water, means for supplying moisture to the roots of plants, an automatic system for supplying and monitoring the level of salt water in the tank while maintaining its level within specified limits, characterized in that the arrangement is executed in the form of an open semi-recessed reservoir formed by side walls-slopes and a bottom made of monolithic reinforced concrete, the inner surface of which is covered with waterproofing In addition, the lower part of the tank is filled with salt water and layered with boulders and stones, which are layered in layers to form a back filter, and, above the maximum permissible salt water level, a layer of one-dimensional fractional gravel pre-treated with hot bitumen is placed on top of the boulders and stones to give each bit surface gravel fractions of hydrophobic properties, coated on top with layers of a gravel-sand filter, laid in several layers of coarse-grained fiberglass and a layer of ordinary sand, in which pipes for condensation of steam with cold water circulating along them, and means for supplying moisture to the roots of plants made in the form of mats of hygroscopic material with upward wicks laid, and a device for heating salt water made in the form of water heating pipes located on the bottom of the tank or heaters protected by concrete blocks and concrete arches installed with gaps between their ends to ensure unhindered circulation of heated salt water.

 The proposed invention is schematically shown in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows, as a fragment of a vertical section, the general structure of the structure of the arrangement proposed by the applicant; in FIG. 2 shows a fragment of the plan.

 A specific implementation of the proposed reclamation arrangement of desert valleys includes plant growing crops 1 planted on a plant layer, planted in a plant layer 2, evenly sprinkled over a layer of ordinary sand 3, in which hygroscopic wicks 4 are placed, connected at the lower ends with hygroscopic mats 5. part of the usual sand layer 3 contains water cooling pipes 6 of adjacent sand zones 3. A cold zone (not indicated) circulates through the pipes 6 in order to intensively form I condensing water vapor in the air, coming out from the bottom upwards into the zone with lower partial pressure of water vapor.

 Under the usual sand layer 3 several layers of coarse-glass fiberglass 7 of fiberglass are laid. Layers of a reverse gravel-sand filter 8, 9, 10 are placed under the coarse-grained fiberglass fabric 7, of which layer 9 is made of one-dimensional gravel, previously waterproofed by bathing in hot bitumen, in order to give the surface of each fraction hydrophobic properties, which during the operation of the reclamation arrangement completely eliminates the capillary movement of salt water from fraction to fraction up. The lower part of the pit is filled with salt (for example, sea) water (not indicated). The bottom of the pit 15 and its side slope walls 16 are made of cast concrete or reinforced concrete and covered with waterproofing 14 from the inside. The pump room 17 is adjacent to one of the side slope walls 16, from which the water pipes 13 are protected by concrete arches 11 supported by on concrete blocks 12, hot water is injected to heat the salt water in the tank in order to more intensively transfer it to water vapor. To reduce the evaporation of moisture from the surface of the plant layer of soil 2, pieces of film 18 are laid on its surface, or a transparent film coating (not shown) is arranged on the left frame above growing crops.

 The operation of the proposed reclamation arrangement of desert valleys mainly comes down to performing agrotechnical work, usually carried out when growing crops (tillage 2, sowing agricultural crops 1, caring for sowing, harvesting, etc.), while water saturation is performed instead of watering plants with fresh water of the plant soil layer by a condenser of water vapor rising together with vapor-saturated air, from bottom to top, from the surface of heated, up to a certain temperature, salt water, periodically pumped in a cut Voir. This is how the "hydroaeroparocondensate" system operates, operating in a semi-automatic mode. Supplementing the plant layer with ordinary fresh water is only necessary when planting seedlings of crop crops in the soil. In all other cases, fresh water is not required, although adding it is not forbidden.

 The advantages and advantages of the proposed reclamation arrangement are fully predetermined and set forth in the purpose of the invention (see above).

Claims (1)

 Reclamation arrangement of desert valleys, including a layer of plant soil, a device for heating salt water placed below it, an automatic system for supplying and monitoring the level of salt soda in the tank with maintaining its level in predetermined limits and means for supplying moisture to the roots of plants, characterized in that the arrangement consists of an open semi-recessed reservoir formed by side walls-slopes and a bottom made of monolithic reinforced concrete, the inner surface of which is covered with hydro insulation, the lower part of the tank is filled with salt water and laid in layers with stone blocks, boulders and stones, forming a back filter, and above the maximum salt water level, on top of boulders and stones, a layer of one-dimensional fractional gravel is placed, previously treated with hot bitumen to give each bit surface gravel fractions of hydrophobic properties, coated on top with layers of a gravel-sand filter, laid in several layers of coarse-grained fiberglass and a layer of ordinary sand, in which Rum contains pipes for condensation of steam with cold water circulating through them, and means for supplying moisture to the roots of plants, made in the form of mats of hygroscopic material with upward wicks, and a device for heating salt water made in the form of water pipes located at the bottom of the tank or heaters protected by concrete blocks and concrete arches installed with gaps between their ends to ensure free circulation of heated salt water.

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