RU2070799C1 - Preparation for controlling complex of pests in plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plant protection. SUBSTANCE: active component of the preparation is ethanolic extract of avermectines from mycelium mass of Streptomyces avermetiles strain ВНИИСХМ-54 or ВНИИСХМ-51. Preparation also contains operational additives in predetermined proportions. EFFECT: new preparation proposed. 14 cl, 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to plant protection products of biogenic origin.

Known drug of biogenic origin "Vertimek" [1] for the control of pests of agricultural plants, ticks and various insects. The active component of Vertimek is abamectin, which is a mixture of 80% avermectin B _1a (5-0-demethylavermectin A) and 20% avermectin B _1b (5-0-demethyl-25-de) 1-methylpropyl-25 (1- methylethyl) avermectin A). Abamectin is obtained by culturing Streptomyces avermitilis MA 4680 NRRL8165 under deep conditions, followed by isolation of avermectin B _1a and avermectin B _{1c by} column chromatography from a mixture of 8 avermectins.

The drug "Vertimek" contains 18 g / l of abamectin. A disadvantage of the known drug is its high toxicity to warm-blooded. According to the manufacturer Merck Sharp & Dom, acute oral LD ₅₀ for rats is 650 mg / kg [1]
The purpose of the invention is the creation of a new highly effective drug for combating a complex of pests based on natural avermectins. The goal is achieved by the fact that the proposed drug Streptermine. The active ingredient of the drug is ethanol extract from Streptomyces avermetilis-51 mycelium (deposited in the collection of cultures of VNIISM in St. Petersburg) or from the mycelium of its more active derivative Streptomyces avermetilis-493 (it is being deposited in the collection of cultures of VNIISM in St. Petersburg). In addition, a wetting agent, stabilizer, adhesive are introduced.

 As substances that increase wettability, proxanol TsL-3 at a concentration of 0.5-2 vol. or tween-80 (sorbital) in an amount of 0.5-2 vol. or PEG-9 in an amount of 5-30 vol.

 As a stabilizer of the active substance, soy or olive oil is used in an amount of 0.2-2.0 vol. or polyvinylpyrrolidone (low molecular weight) in an amount of 0.2-2 vol. or xanthoquine in an amount of 0.2-2 wt.

 Vegetable oils (sunflower, cottonseed, rapeseed) or mineral oil in an amount of 0.5-2 vol. Are used as adhesives.

 Example 1. The effectiveness of streptermine against peach aphids.

Spores of the strain Streptomyces avermetilis-51 are grown on oatmeal for 10 days at 28 ± 1 ^o C. A piece of agar medium (1/8 part) with spores is introduced into rocking flasks with a capacity of 750 ml, containing 100 ml of seed medium of the following composition, wt.

Glucose 4.0
Corn extract (technical weight) 0.6
Soya flour 1.2
Protein-vitamin concentrate (BVK) 0.3
Calcium carbonate 0.6
Tap water Up to 100%
The pH value before sterilization is 6.0-6.2.

 Glucose is sterilized separately at 0.5 to 30 minutes and added to the flasks at the time of culture inoculation. The remaining components are sterilized at 1.2 at 1 hour.

The flasks are mounted on a shaker with a speed of 220 per minute and the inoculum is grown at a temperature of 28 ± 1 ^o C for 48 hours. Then, the inoculum in an amount of 5% is transferred to a 100 L apparatus with a loading factor of 0.5 s with a fermentation medium of the following composition, wt. .

Glucose 7
Soya flour 1.2
Corn extract (technical weight) 0.6
Protein-vitamin concentrate (BVK) 0.3
Calcium carbonate 0.6
Disubstituted potassium phosphate 0.05
Tap water Up to 100%
The pH value before sterilization is 6.0-6.2, after sterilization 6.8-7.0. The sterilization mode of the medium is 1.2 ati 1 hour.

 Glucose is sterilized separately and fed into the apparatus after inoculum inoculation.

Fermentation is carried out for 168 hours at a temperature of 28 ± 1 ^o C with a working stirrer 300 rpm and an air supply of 0.8 volumes per 1.0 volume of medium. The culture fluid containing a mixture of 8 avermectins, in which the amount of group A ₁ avermectins is 30-60% of the total avermectin content, is filtered through a suction filter with a coarse calico substrate. Wet mycelium in an amount of 8-10 kg is washed with water with pH 6.0, cooled to 10 ^o C, in an amount of 40-100 liters The wet mycelial paste is subjected to dehydration by drying on a vortex dryer for 30 minutes at an inlet air temperature of 80 ± 1 ^o C and an outlet temperature of 40 ± 5 ^o C. The dry mycelial mass is moistened with tap water in a ratio of 3: 1 at room temperature for 30 min From the moistened mycelial biomass, a mixture of avermectins is extracted for 40 min in four volumes (relative to dry mycelium) of ethyl alcohol. After the ethanol extract is separated from the mycelium on a suction filter, the total content of avermectins is determined colorimetrically using an orcine reagent [3]. 10 ml of soybean oil is added as a stabilizer to 500 ml of an alcohol extract containing 0.6% avermectins. As an adhesive, add 10 ml of sunflower oil. The wetting agent was proxanol TsL-3 in an amount of 10 ml. The mixture was adjusted to 1000 ml with technical ethyl alcohol. After thorough mixing, the prepared preparation is tested against peach plant aphids.

In laboratory conditions, for each black radish plant growing in vegetation vessels at night temperatures of 16-20 ^o C, 20-33 ^o C during the day and 55-75% relative humidity with a daylight of at least 16 hours, 10 2-day-old individuals are planted peach aphid larvae (Myzodes persical sulf). After 6 days, pest numbers are recorded.

 On the plant leave 5 leaves inhabited by aphids, the rest are removed. Leaves label. Then treated with streptermine at a concentration of 1 ml / 1 l of water from a spray. Streptovermin effectiveness is taken into account on 3, 6, 8 and 10 days after treatment. The results are presented in table. 1.

 As can be seen from the table. 1, Streptermin in the laboratory provides 100% effect against peach aphids. The decrease in the content of avermectins in Streptermine below 0.1% in the final concentration leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the action by 40-45% and its increase above 1% in the final concentration is impractical, since it leads to a significant consumption of the active substance without increasing efficiency.

 Example 2. The effectiveness of streptermine against spider mites (Tetranynchys urtical Koch).

 The drug is obtained as described in example 1. The effectiveness of the drug is studied on cucumbers of the variety NIIOKh-412. Plants for 7 days are placed in the wiring of the spider mite, after which 3 sheets are selected in their lower part of the upper third. The test is carried out by the cup method on isolated sheets in 8-fold repetition. The drug in an amount of 1 ml is diluted with tap water to 1 liter and sprayed onto the plants with a spray gun. Accounting for the mobile stages of ticks is carried out before treatment and after 3, 7, 10 days. The data are given in table. 2.

As the results of experiments show, the maximum effectiveness of streptermine occurs on day 10 and reaches 97.9%
Example 3. The effectiveness of Streptovermin against greenhouse whiteflies (Trialends vaporarium Westwood).

 The drug is obtained as described in example 1. The effectiveness is studied on cucumber plants. Plants are placed in a whitefly layout for 3 days, then after their release from adults they are transferred to an isolated room. After 12 days, the plants are treated with spray preparations at a concentration of 4 ml per 1 liter of tap water. The effect of the preparations is evaluated on days 7 and 10 after treatment by taking into account the larval stages of the whitefly on 3 model leaves of each plant in four repetitions.

As the results show, the effectiveness of Streptovermin against whiteflies is 87.2%
Example 4. The effectiveness of streptermine, obtained on the basis of a strain of Streptomyces avermetilis-493, against peach aphids.

Spores of the strain Streptomyces avermetilis-493 are grown on mineral agar N 1 (Gauze 1) for 10 days at 28 ± 1 ^o C. Then proceed as described in example 1.

 After the ethanol extract is separated from the mycelium on a suction filter, the total content of avermectins is determined colorimetrically using an orcine reagent [3]. 10 ml of soybean oil is added as a stabilizer to 300 ml of an alcohol extract containing 1% avermectins. The wetting agent is proxanol TsL-3 in an amount of 10 ml. The mixture was adjusted to 1000 ml with technical ethyl alcohol. After thorough mixing, the drug is tested against plant exoparasites. Then proceed as described in example 1.

 The effectiveness of streptermine obtained on a strain of Streptomyces avermetilis-493 against peach aphids is 100%. The decrease in the content of avermectins in streptermine obtained on a strain of Streptomyces avermetilis-493 is below 0.05% and an increase of more than 0.5% is impractical, since in the first case the effectiveness decreases by more than 30% and in the second - the consumption of the active substance increases without a significant improvement in the technical characteristics of the drug.

 Example 5. The effectiveness of streptermine with different contents of soybean oil as a stabilizer against peach aphids.

 The preparation is prepared and tested as described in Example 1, with the exception that not 10, but 2 ml of soybean oil is added as a stabilizer. Thus prepared Streptovermin preparation provides 100% efficiency. However, its shelf life is reduced from 16 to 12 months. For this reason, a further decrease in the stabilizer is impractical, an increase in soybean oil above 20 ml is also impractical, since it does not increase the shelf life of the drug.

 Example 6. The effectiveness of streptovermin, containing different amounts of proxanol CL-3 as a wetting agent, against peach aphids.

 The preparation is prepared and tested as described in Example 1, except that instead of 10 ml, 5 ml of proxanol CL-3 is added. Streptovermin shows an efficiency of 85-90%. Further reduction of proxanol TsL-3 is impractical. Due to the increase in the cost of the drug, it is also inappropriate to increase proxanol CL-3 above 20 ml.

 Example 7. The effectiveness of streptermine, containing different amounts of sunflower oil as an adhesive, against peach aphids.

 The preparation is prepared and tested as described in Example 1, except that instead of 10 ml, 5 ml of sunflower oil is added. Fix 90% effectiveness of the drug. Therefore, a further decrease in the amount of sunflower oil is impractical.

 To add sunflower oil above 20 ml is not profitable, since this increases the cost of Streptermine, without improving its technical characteristics.

 Example 8. The effectiveness of streptermine containing olive oil as a stabilizer against peach aphids.

 Do as described in example 1, only instead of soybean oil make 10 ml of olive oil. The effectiveness of the drug is 100% Reducing the amount of olive oil to 2 ml does not affect the effectiveness of the drug, but it reduces the shelf life of the drug from 12 to 10 months. An increase in the amount of olive oil to 20 ml does not increase the shelf life of the drug, but it increases its cost.

 Example 9. The effectiveness of streptermine containing as a stabilizer xanthokine against peach aphids.

 Act as described in example 1, only instead of soybean oil, xanthoquine is added in an amount of 10 g. The preparation thus obtained shows 100% effectiveness against peach aphids. A decrease in the content of xanthokine in the preparation to 2 g does not affect its effectiveness, but reduces the shelf life from 12 to 10 months. An increase in the amount of xanthokine in the preparation to 20 g does not increase the shelf life of the drug, but increases its cost. Based on this, the concentration limits for xanthoquine in streptermine are at the level of 2-20 g per liter.

 Example 10. The effectiveness of streptermine containing low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer against peach aphids.

 Do as described in example 1, only low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone in the amount of 10 ml of a 50% solution is used as stabilizer instead of soybean oil. A preparation with polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer shows an efficiency of 100%. The introduction of low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone in an amount of 2 ml into the preparation does not affect its effectiveness, however, it reduces the shelf life. The introduction of a greater amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (up to 20 ml) in the drug streptovermin does not increase the shelf life of the drug, but increases its cost. Therefore, the concentration limits for polyvinylpyrrolidone are at the level of 2-20 ml.

 Example 11. The effectiveness of streptovermin containing tween-80 (sorbital) as a wetting agent against peach aphids.

 Act as described in example 1, but instead of proxanol TsL-3, tween-80 is used as a wetting agent in an amount of 10 ml. Get 100% effectiveness of the drug when processing black radish infected with peach aphids. A decrease in Tween-80 in the drug to 5 ml leads to a decrease in efficiency by 15% and an increase to 20 ml, although it does not affect the improvement of the technical characteristics of the drug, but leads to a rise in the cost of the drug. From this it follows that the addition of Tween-80 below and above the indicated values in the preparation is impractical.

 Example 12. The effectiveness of streptermine containing polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-9) as a wetting agent against peach aphids.

Do as described in example 1, only instead of sunflower oil as a wetting agent use PEG-9 in an amount of 100 ml. The effectiveness of the drug is 100%
A decrease in PEG-9 in the preparation to 50 ml affects its effectiveness. It does not exceed 90%. An increase in PEG-9 in the preparation up to 300 ml does not lead to an improvement in its technical characteristics, but the preparation becomes much more expensive. Therefore, the introduction of PEG-9 in Streptermine less than 50 ml and more than 300 ml is impractical.

 Example 13. The effectiveness of streptermine containing cottonseed oil as an adhesive against peach aphids.

 Do as described in example 1, except that cotton oil in the amount of 10 ml is used as an adhesive. As a result of using the cooked Streptovermin, they get a 100% effect when it affects peach aphids. A decrease in the amount of cottonseed oil below 5 ml and an increase above 20 ml is impractical, since in the first case the effectiveness of the drug decreases by 10-15% and in the second case its cost increases significantly without improving the technical characteristics of the drug.

 Example 14. The effectiveness of streptermine containing rapeseed oil as an adhesive against peach aphids.

 Do as described in example 1, except that instead of sunflower oil, rapeseed oil in an amount of 10 ml is used as an adhesive. The drug causes 100% death of peach aphids. When rapeseed oil is added to a preparation below 5 ml, a 10% decrease in Streptermin effectiveness is noted. The addition of rapeseed oil to a preparation of more than 20 ml does not improve the technical characteristics of the drug. Based on this, we can assume that the maximum amount of rapeseed oil in Streptermine is at the level of 5-20 ml.

 Example 15. The effectiveness of streptermine containing mineral oil as an adhesive against peach aphids.

 Do as described in example 1, only instead of sunflower oil as an adhesive use mineral oil in an amount of 10 ml. Using the drug Streptovermin, obtained in this way, get 100% efficiency. A decrease in the amount of mineral oil to 5 ml leads to a decrease in the effect by 10-20% and an increase in its amount over 20 ml increases the cost of the drug. For these reasons, the use of mineral oil below and above the indicated amounts in Streptermine is not practical.

Claims (14)

 1. A preparation for controlling a complex of plant pests containing an active substance based on avermectins from the mycelium of the fungus Streptomyces avermetilis and a solvent, characterized in that it contains an avermectin ethanol extract isolated from the mycelium of strain VNIISHM N 51 or strain VNIISHM N 54 , and optionally a stabilizer, wetting agent and adhesive.  2. The drug under item 1, characterized in that as the active substance contains 0.1 to 1% ethanol extract of avermectins in an amount of 50 vol.  3. The drug under item 1, characterized in that as a stabilizer it contains soybean oil in an amount of 0.2 to 2.0 vol.  4. The drug under item 1, characterized in that as a stabilizer it contains olive oil in an amount of 0.2 to 2.0 vol.  5. The drug according to p. 1, characterized in that as a stabilizer it contains low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone in an amount of 0.2 to 2.0 vol.  6. The drug according to p. 1, characterized in that as a stabilizer it contains xanthoquine in an amount of 0.2 to 2.0 wt.  7. The drug under item 1, characterized in that as a wetting agent it contains proxanol TsL-3 in an amount of 0.5 to 2.0 vol.  8. The drug according to claim 1, characterized in that as a wetting agent it contains tween-80 (sorbital) in an amount of 0.5 to 2.0 vol.  9. The drug under item 1, characterized in that as a wetting agent it contains polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-9) in an amount of 0.5 to 30 vol.  10. The drug according to p. 1, characterized in that as an adhesive it contains sunflower oil in an amount of 0.5 to 2.0 vol.  11. The drug according to claim 1, characterized in that as an adhesive it contains rapeseed oil in an amount of 0.5 to 2.0 vol.  12. The drug under item 1, characterized in that as an adhesive it contains cottonseed oil in an amount of 0.5 to 2.0 vol.  13. The drug according to p. 1, characterized in that as an adhesive it contains mineral oil in an amount of 0.5 to 2.0 vol.  14. The drug under item 1, characterized in that as a solvent it contains technical ethyl alcohol in an amount of up to 100 vol.

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