RU2068055C1 - Method for cleaning water area from hydrocarbon pollution and device for implementing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environmental protection. SUBSTANCE: parallel canals are arranged to pass the water being cleaned through. The water is agitated continuously over the water area by gases supplied and permanent changing the area of cleaning. Superheated and supercooled gases are concurrently supplied through both sides of each subdivided canal from bottom to top through all the thickness of the water being cleaned. Hydrocarbon compositions are carried with gas streams of equal temperature towards water surface and removed by evacuation. Device for implementing the method includes floating mean 1 equipped with underwater frame 2 made of hinged parts 6 and generator of working agents for supplying superheated steam and supercooled gas in water medium. Underwater frame includes jets placed in cascades over the height and in plane for putting the above working agents in water being cleaned. Floats 5 and lateral sides are provided for the frame to protect working area from waves. The frame is made of modules interconnected through hinges. EFFECT: environmental protection. 3 cl, 10 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to physicotechnological processes for the purification of water areas and open water spaces from hydrocarbon pollution: spilled oil and oil products, oils.

A known method of cleaning the water area from hydrocarbon contaminants, including the use of mineral sorbents sprayed above the surface of the aquatic environment, with which hydrocarbons are deposited in deeper water layers [1]
Significant and obvious disadvantages of this method are: lack of environmental cleanliness, i.e. all contaminants remain in the aquatic environment; non-progressive process and the requirement to use additional processes for the extraction of submerged hydrocarbon contaminants from the aquatic environment.

The closest in technological essence is a method of cleaning the water area from hydrocarbon pollution, including the treatment of contaminated water using a reagent, which is used as superheated and supercooled gases, the allocation and disposal of hydrocarbons [2]
This method is implemented using a device containing a housing in the form of a working chamber with highways for supplying working components: superheated and supercooled gases [2]
With certain advantages compared to analogues, this method has a significant disadvantage, namely, the low specific effective of each individual process and the low efficiency of the device used due to the layer-by-layer layer-by-layer introduction of reagents into the purified water, which delays the effects of phase transformations, making it necessary to repeat the cycles leading to additional time and money, additional water pollution sprayed and flooded part of the hydrocarbon pollution.

 The proposed method is aimed at improving the efficiency and environmental cleanliness of the process of cleaning the aquatic environment of the water area, increasing the manufacturability of using the method in the water area.

 This is achieved in the proposed method for cleaning the water area from hydrocarbon pollution, including the treatment of contaminated water using reagents, which are superheated and supercooled gases, the separation and utilization of hydrocarbons, by treating the water environment by dividing it into parallel ducts with continuous stirring in the water due to the supply of gases and the constant change of the treatment area in the water area, while superheated and supercooled gases are introduced simultaneously on both sides of each the divided flow from the bottom-up thickness of the treated aqueous medium layer, hydrocarbon pollution transported gas flows at different temperatures to the surface of the water and is removed by evacuation at their disposal.

 A device for implementing the described method of cleaning the water area, comprising a housing in the form of a working chamber with highways for supplying working components, has a housing made in the form of an aggregate equipped with a truss mounted on a carrier vessel, the farm is equipped with perforated working bodies made in the form of hollow pylons, fixed vertically on the immersed part of the farm, while part of the pylons is connected by its cavity with the source of superheated gas, the other, alternating with the first, with the source of supercooled gas, is open tions in pylons are inclined upstream vessel and the top of the pylon fixed wing, inclined towards the channel allocated to the collection and removal of hydrocarbon contaminants, is connected to a vacuum system.

 In this case, the farm is equipped with floats installed on the sides of the vessel and pylons mounted on the end parts of the farm, and the farm is made of modular units interconnected by hinges.

 The indicated sequence and set of operations of the method and the constructive solution of the device are original and progressive, and open up a fundamentally new direction in this technology for cleaning water from organic emissions.

The method of cleaning the water area from hydrocarbon pollution is illustrated by the attached drawings of the device for its implementation,
Where
in FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device;
in FIG. 2 shows a top view of the device of FIG. 1;
in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 details of the design of the device;
in FIG. 5 view of the immersed working farm;
in FIG. 6 top view of a working farm and equipment;
in FIG. 7 scheme of removal of pollution from the working body;
in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 nodes A and B and section II in FIG. 7;
in FIG. 10 technological block diagram of the device.

 A device for cleaning the water area from hydrocarbon contamination contains a carrier vessel 1, equipped with a truss 2, mounted on mobile hinges 3 and 4, allowing the truss to be folded onto the deck in the transport position. Both parts (left and right) of the farm have floats 5, allowing parts 6 of the farm to be accurately located at a given depth of the aquatic environment. Farm 2 can be fixed both on both sides of the vessel, behind its sides, and in front of the vessel (Figs. 5 and 6) depending on the working conditions in the water area and the degree of water pollution. In this position, the farm, equipped with signaling devices 7, is oriented at an angle of attack using levers 8 to create a capture front with pylons 9 and the direction of pollution to the middle more developed part 10 of the farm. This embodiment of the farm allows you to take in the middle part of the most polluted water salts.

The farm 2 has a working body, comprising a housing in the form of a working unit 11, made of a set of pylons 12 and 13, alternating among themselves along the entire length (and depth) of the farm. Pylons 12 have perforations on their walls (many holes) 14 and are connected by their cavity to a source of supercooled gas 15, and pylons 13 having perforations on the walls 16 are connected by their cavity to a source of superheated gas (or steam or gas-vapor mixture) 17, the quality of which is used a mixture of supersaturated superheated steam with a neutral gas such as CO ₂ or He.

The gas source 15 has consumables 18, where the gas is partially mixed with air; as a supercooled gas, the product of evaporation of solid carbon dioxide is used, over which air is blown, mixing with CO ₂ at a temperature of -30 ^o C -40 ^o C.

 It is practically more advantageous to use a steam and gas generator (A. Plugin), which produces superheated gas and supercooled gas at the same time, using first a single steam and gas formation chamber with subsequent separation of the two different temperature streams.

 The working unit 11 is equipped (Fig. 8) with an upper guide wing 19 for orienting the upper water mass. The wing 19 is fixed at an angle upward from the level of the hydrocarbon surface above the pylons immersed in water so that they form a water channel 20 that passes into the hydrocarbon collector 21, from the cavity of which the oil product is removed via a pump 22 through a pipe 23 for disposal, for example , to power the steam generator or power node of the vessel. Periodically, water is drained from the collector through the pipe 24.

 The assembly of the described components and assemblies is carried out on deck 25 of the vessel (or in its hold at the customer’s choice). When making pylons from a set of pipes (Figs. 3 and 4) for the option of cleaning only the surface of the water, the holes 14 in them are more efficiently made in the form of slots 16 for more complete areal contact of the pylons with the water being cleaned.

 The operation of the described device is described in the description of the processes for the purification of the water area in the presence of hydrocarbon contaminants on the water surface and its upper layer, for example, spilled oil, for the collection of which all units are included in the work, including generators of different temperature gases 15 and 17; working components (reagents) are simultaneously fed from them into the cavities of the pylons 12 and 13. The vessel 1 is set in motion with a drift speed (about 1-3 knots), the platform with the pylons is immersed in water to a depth of 1 1.5 m and monitored, so that the wave does not overlap through the wing 19 and passes into the channel 20. Weak floats 5 monitor the weak execution, supporting the truss at a given depth, so that the “HC” is in the section of the channel 20.

 For waves of more than 4 points on the pylons, special pontoons with significant draft and high stability are used, or wave dampers are used, if this is possible under shipping conditions.

 The flotation of reagent gases in parallel-directional direction through the water column creates the conditions for the phase transformation of semi-dissolved oil particles, their intensive coagulation around different-temperature bubbles, polarization-enlargement of particles and their removal to the surface to intake channel 20 where, together with cavity 21, the foam product is ejected, while maintaining The channel is constantly operational.

 At the same time, to avoid overflowing of holes 14 and 16 and creating conditions for the free exit of gases from them, the holes are made oblique against the course of the vessel.

An example of a specific implementation of the method. In a limited water area of the Kronstadt seaport, an experimental implementation of the method was carried out using an experimental model of the device: a towing vessel with a displacement of 500 tons, truss dimensions 30 • 1.2 m, a gas generator at a temperature of 180,230 ^o C and a capacity of 120 m ² / h, gas generator gas at T -30 ^o C -40 ^o C and a capacity of 50 m ³ / h; supporting extreme floats, lighting, radio alarms, product system. The testing time of this experimental device and the experimental implementation of the method were carried out in August 1992. When water was cleaned, oil pollution was located on the surface and in the water layer to a depth of 30–50 cm. At a low speed (1 3 knots) of the vessel and gas supply simultaneously and continuously on both sides of the pylons, from perforations 14 and 16, high water treatment efficiency was achieved moreover, the oil and oil products extracted from the aqueous medium were used up useful for supplying fuel oil boiler nozzles. The cleaning efficiency of up to 99.4% (in pure water) was achieved due to the continuous supply of different-temperature working gases and the continuous movement of the vessel (device on it) across the water area.

 Water indicators of the water area before treatment: the top film of oil products is continuous, 1 3 mm thick, then pollution to a depth of 50 cm is drip, film, trace with a oil content of 6-8%, including acetone 0.2% toluene 0.3% xylene 0.1% COD of water 50-60 mg0 / l, pH 5-6, nitrates 120-300, chlorides 250-400, turbidity 186 mg / l.

After cleaning, water indicators: there is no film on the surface, up to a depth of 50 cm, the oil content is 0.06%, pH 7.5-8; acetone, toluene, xylene traces (practically absent), COD 12, nitrates 8, chlorides 12, turbidity 0.82, transparency 85. The water treatment time of 1.60 km ² was 4.2 hours. The process profitability of 67% (high) .

 Pilot implementation of the method has shown its high efficiency, originality and progressiveness, as it does not introduce any harmful reagents into the processed medium, and the release of side pollution together with oil products and oils, this significantly improves the environmental characteristics of port waters, berths, accident sites. YYY2 YYY4 YYY6 YYY8

Claims (3)

 1. A method of cleaning the water area from hydrocarbon contaminants, comprising treating the contaminated aqueous medium with a reagent, which is used as superheated and supercooled gases, the extraction and utilization of hydrocarbons, characterized in that the treated aqueous medium is divided into parallel ducts with continuous stirring in the water area by supply gases and constant change of the treatment area in the water area, while superheated and supercooled gases are introduced simultaneously on both sides of each divided stream into bottom-up direction along the thickness of the layer of the treated aqueous medium, and hydrocarbon pollution is transported by different-temperature gas flows to the surface of the water and removed by vacuum.  2. A device for cleaning the water area from hydrocarbon contaminants, comprising a housing in the form of a working chamber with highways for supplying working components, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of an aggregate equipped with a truss mounted on a carrier vessel, the farm is equipped with perforated working bodies made in the form hollow pylons mounted vertically on the immersed part of the farm, while some of the pylons are connected with their cavity with a source of superheated gas, the other, alternating with the first, with a source of supercooled gas , the openings in the pylons are made inclined against the course of the vessel, and in the upper part of the pylons a wing is fixed, which is inclined toward the channel for collecting and discharging the separated hydrocarbons connected to the vacuum system.  3. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the truss is equipped with floats installed on the sides of the vessel and pylons mounted on the end parts of the truss, while the truss is made of modular units interconnected by hinges.

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