RU2067173C1 - Method for transition of geological dislocation of disjunctive type by stoping face - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry; applicable in mining outburst- prone beds in zones of geological dislocations. SUBSTANCE: method for transition of geological dislocation of disjunctive type by stoping face include measurement of dislocation amplitude, angle of inclination and length of route crossing working dislocation, parameters of location, operation and monitoring the mining complex advance. Novelty consists in that turning of powered mining complex is started at distance from dislocation equalling the length of the protecting part of the bed. Additionally determined are thicknesses of bed and layer of soft rocks enclosing the bed in dislocation zone. Geological dislocation is referred conventionally to one of three groups corresponding to respective conditions with calculated formulas taking into account of dislocation amplitude, thickness of coal seam, minimum thickness of incompetent rocks in seam roof and floor. Crossing of the dislocation by powered mining complex is effected depending on the dislocation group. So, dislocation of the first is crossed by small-step turning of powered mining complex in the vertical plane without blasting of enclosing rocks. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 5 cl, 14 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the mining industry and is intended for the safe development of outburst formations in zones of geological disturbance.

 Known methods for the transition of geological disturbances by the face [1, 2] Known methods include fastening the roof rocks, monitoring the state of the massif, filling the formed cavities with light-grabbing mixtures, establishing the inclination angle and length of the route, the intersected production disturbance, the notching of the rocks surrounding the formation, and the complex turning in vertical plane.

 However, these methods are not effective enough and safe. The technological parameters are not clearly defined in them, which include not only the need for maneuvering by the complex, but also the control of the state of the massif, taking into account the characteristics of the geological disturbance and the formations enclosing the formation. In addition, in the prototype there is no calculated trajectory of the complex during the transition of the disjunctive disorder.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of crossing violations and excavation of the disturbed part of the formation, dangerous for gas-dynamic phenomena, as well as improving the safety of mining operations.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the method known from the prototype, which includes fastening the roof rocks, monitoring the state of the massif, filling the formed cavities with easily-grasping mixtures, establishing the slope angle and the length of the route of the intersected production violation, performing anti-blowout measures, notching the rocks enclosing the formation layer, maneuvering with the mechanical complex, turn of the complex in the vertical plane and the plane of the reservoir as the complex moves along the accepted route of the intersected inclined mine until the face a disorder perform additional techniques and operations described hereinafter. The preparation for the transition of the disturbance by the face begins at a distance from the disturbance equal to the length of the protective section of the formation, for which the amplitude of the disturbance, the thickness of the reservoir and the thickness of the layer containing weak unstable rocks, and conditionally refer the violation to one of three groups. The first group includes a violation in
m≥ l $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{min}}{\text{cr.}}$ + h; (one)
to the second group
h + l $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{min}}{\text{cr.}}$ > m≥ h + l $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{min}}{\text{cr.}}$ + m _pores , (2)
and the third group includes
m <h + l $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{min}}{\text{cr.}}$ -m _pore , (3)
where h is the amplitude of the geological disturbance, m;
l $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{min}}{\text{cr.}}$ minimum extension of the lining of the mechanical complex, m;
m coal seam capacity, m;
m _then total thickness of unstable weak rocks in the roof and soil of the formation, m

 At the same time, in the method, the violation of the first group is transferred by means of a small-step turn of the mechanical complex in a vertical plane without undermining the rocks enclosing the formation. In the second group, the violation proceeds at a violation amplitude h <0.5 m by means of a shallow turn of the complex with a side rock notch, and at a violation amplitude h> 0.5 m, the violation in the second group proceeds by turning the mechanical complex to descent or ascent in one go. The transition of the geological disturbance of the third group is carried out using blasting and with the turning of the mechanical complex on the descent or ascent in one go.

When crossing a geological disturbance, located at a large angle or perpendicular to the face, the transition of such a violation is carried out in parts, for which the mechanical complex is divided into several parts, the violation passes separately by each part, and then they (these parts) after the transition of the violation are connected into a whole, and when unstable enclosing rocks or free-flowing coal in each part of the complex, first move the two extreme sections of each of the parts of the complex, after which they are placed in the floor (cuts), carry out all flat tightening of the roof, and then the remaining sections of this part of the mechanical complex under the fastening are moved. All work to cross the violation is carried out in a hazardous area.
l _bp l _s.c. + l _pp , (4)
where l _sc zone of overlapping wings of violation, m;
l _c.p. safety zone, m

Usually l _p.z. up to 10-15 m long.

 In the method, during the transition of a geological disturbance by means of a small-step turn of the mechanical complex, the height of these steps in the roof with supports in the support-type complex is assumed to be 0.1-0.15 m, and the fence-support type is 0.3 m. The height of such steps in the soil is determined by the executive harvester body relative to the lower plane of the conveyor.

When performing the method with the rise of the complex, the rise with the undermining of the formation roof begins ahead of l _def. from disturbance, and the rise with soil erosion begins from the geological disturbance itself.

The descent of the complex to the displaced part of the formation with a subversion of the roof begins from disturbance, and the descent of the complex with subversion of the soil begins ahead of l _then. . In this case, the lead l _def. can determine
l _opr r • h / h _CT. , (5)
where r is the working width of the mining combine, m;
h _Art. step height, m

 The proposed method has the following main distinguishing features and operations. This assignment of a violation to one of three groups, for each of the groups, each of which has its own parameters and a number of other techniques described in the claims.

 Despite the fame separately of some of the operations described in the invention, the claimed combination of features was not found in the studied technical and patent literature. Therefore, the proposed set of features has a "novelty."

 It is quite obvious that work on the transition of a geological disturbance using the combination of features set forth in this invention becomes less time-consuming, safer and significantly more effective, as well as increasing the stability of production in the future, therefore, the proposed combination of features is directed and ensures the achievement of the purpose of the invention, then there it is significant. Regarding the features given in the following claims, they, which are quite obvious from the claims, are aimed at increasing the degree of reliability and efficiency of the method and can be considered in conjunction with the features of the main claim. In addition, all the features of the invention under consideration are subordinated to one and only purpose, which is most effective and at the same time safe to make the transition by the bottom of a geological disturbance, that is, the unity of the invention is clearly traced. Thus, this technical solution pursues the unity of purpose and has "significant differences" in comparison with the prototype and other methods known in this and other related areas of technology. No other known solutions with similar features have been identified. Based on the foregoing, we can assume that the solution meets all the criteria for the invention.

 In FIG. 1 is a diagram of a lava section in zones of intersection by sections of a mechanical complex of a geological disturbance; Fig. 2,3 is a cross-sectional view of the face at the intersection of the geological disturbance; figure 4-7 - schematic diagrams of the order of the possible transition of geological disturbances; in FIG. 8-13 technological schemes of the transition of geological disturbances by fine-grained descent and ascent; on Fig technological map transition disjunctive disorders.

 The method is as follows. In the face, excavating a coal seam 1 with a capacity of m using a mechanical complex, which is a support 2, a conveyor 3 and a digging mechanism 4, in our case we will consider a combine, it is necessary to cross a geological disturbance of the disjunctive type, having a mixer 5. Reinforcing the face before crossing violations with the mixer 5 is carried out using anchor 6. The collapsed rocks 7 are located behind the mechanical complex.

 As the working face moves along the formation with a capacity of m, it is predicted to meet with the bottom of the zone of geological disturbance, let it be a type of thrust with amplitude h.

To ensure the safety of operations during the transition of the lava zone of a geological disturbance, a project is drawn up where the following is provided:
passport of lava fastening, which is being revised in the direction of strengthening lining;
the roof is reinforced by fastening with anchors and continuous tightening of the roof over the sections;
the angle of movement of the complex in the vertical plane changes.

 As a rule, before going over to the bottom of a geological disturbance and after its implementation, an inspection of the mechanical complex is carried out with the obligatory repair and replacement of all hydroracks that have lost their tightness and all deformed nodes and support elements.

 Initially, before the transition of a geological disturbance, its nature is specified, for which exploration wells are drilled from the face. Geological disturbance is assigned to one of three conditional groups according to the following formulas (1, 2, 3).

 The transition of geological disturbances of the first group is carried out by means of a small-step reversal of the mechanical complex without undermining the lateral rocks. The transition of the disturbed sections of the second group with an amplitude of less than half the power of the coal seam is carried out by means of a small-step turn of the mechanical complex to lower or lower, undermining weak lateral rocks, for example, by the executive body of the combine. Figs. 4-7 show such technological schemes for the transition of geological disturbances by means of a small-step transition, while in Figs. Figures 4 and 5 show a flow chart of the transition of a geological disturbance by a small-step climb. And in Fig.6 and 7 the same, by means of a small-step descent.

 Geological disturbances with an amplitude of more than half the power of the coal seam pass by turning the mechanical complex on the descent or ascent in one go (Fig. 8-13). The transition by this method is also carried out when the violation appeared for some reason suddenly and it is no longer possible to carry out a constant exit to the displaced part of the formation.

 The transition of the geological disturbance of the third group is carried out using drilling and blasting operations by turning the mechanical complex on the descent or ascent in one go.

должен быть, как правило, в пределах 10^o, но не более 12^o.Below we consider a specific transition violation. Before crossing the face of the lava of the danger zone l _bp hardening of the roof is performed (Fig.2,3). Danger zone l _bp comprises usually 10-15 meter wing portion overlap zone disorders h _s.c. and approximately 10-meter zone l _c.z. adjacent to her. Holes for installing anchors 6 are drilled in the center of the section overlap at a slight angle of 3-5 ^o from the top cut at the bottom and at about 15 ^o to the horizontal plane. An anchor, usually up to 3 m long, is installed in the boreholes. 3-meter spills are placed above the anchors at the bottom and the ends of the anchors are picked up by the visors of the floors. In the presence of easily formed roof rocks, it is tightened. When approaching the face of the lava to the mixer 5 at a distance l _SC ≈ 8.0 m begin work on changing the angle of the conveyor using the hydraulic lining. Pieces of flexible connection (chain) raise the bottom face (board) of the tacking stand and, for example, pieces of wooden flooring are placed under the stiffening ribs of the pans. Complex elevation angle

should be, as a rule, within 10 ^o , but not more than 12 ^o .

Lava is sequentially divided into several mp sections; pn, mn, which, as the violation crosses, move along the length of the lava. So, in front of the mechanical complex produce sections l _crossed. 8-10 m long. After that, the combine and the conveyor are stopped. Overhanging pieces in the roof are wiped off the face. Prepare the conveyor for moving, then move the conveyor under the face with a lag of no more than 8.0 m behind the harvester. Continue tightening of the overlap of 3.0 m length over the ceiling. Moreover, if a collapse arch is formed over the sections, then the sections are moved first 2 extreme ones on the length of the spill and put sprinkles on them, then the arch is filled over the sprinkles (usually up to 0.8 m stands are laid out from the forest, above 0.8 m there is a wooden knurling bag on which bags of timber waste are laid); middle sections are pushed and pushed to the roof. After this, a continuous tightening of the roof with a tree is made.

 The technological scheme of the transition is designed so that the actual transition path of the violation corresponds to the calculated one and allows you to make the necessary adjustments to the movement of the mechanized complex when it deviates from the calculated path (Fig. 14). To implement the developed technological scheme for the transition of violations on the ventilation and conveyor drifts after 1-2 m, packages are installed indicating the power of the enclosing enclosing rocks and the recommended sliding of the powered roof support. In addition, samples of the technological map are posted on the ventilation and conveyor drifts and on the extraction combine for operational monitoring and proper cleaning operations in the violation zone.

 On Fig presents such a technological diagram of the transition of the disjunctive disturbance with the amplitude changing along the length of the face line. The lines AA and BB indicate the beginning and end of the cutoff of the enclosing rocks, the line OO indicates the axis of violation, and the line AA 'indicates the location of the face. Lines 0.3; 0.6; 0.9 denote the thickness of the cut soil or roof. The EE and LJ lines limit the expected dome formation zone (danger zone). If the working face has moved 2 m from the starting position, then on the ventilation drift the thickness of the notch of the roof rocks should be 0.03 m, near the 72nd section 0.3 m, section 36 through 44 enter the dome formation zone, where measures should be taken to strengthen the unstable roof and reduce the removable capacity of the formation at the minimum possible. If the actual position differs from the calculated one, then an adjustment is made during the extraction of subsequent strips of coal and the movement of the mechanized complex.

 Increasing the stability of rocks of the immediate roof and coal mass in the violation zone is achieved by injection of fastening compounds and the construction of additional support: anchor, rack-mount or enclosing.

 Reducing the complexity of the transition of disjunctive disorders is achieved by improving the state of the system (support the enclosing rocks) by increasing the stability of the rocks of the immediate roof and coal mass. YYY2 YYY4 YYY6 YYY8 YYY10 YYY12

Claims (5)

1. The method of transition of a geological disturbance of a disjunctive type by a mining face, including measuring the amplitude of a geological disturbance, establishing the angle of inclination and the length of the path intersecting the disturbance of the mine, determining the distance from the disturbance of the beginning of the turn of the mechanized complex, intersecting the disturbance with fixing the roof rocks by maneuvering the mechanical complex and turning it in a vertical the planes and planes of the accepted path of the inclined working out until the face reaches the part of the formation of normal occurrence for violation, and to monitoring the movement of the complex, characterized in that the turning of the mechanical complex begins at a distance from the violation equal to the length of the protective section of the formation, additionally determine the thickness of the formation and the layer of the reservoir containing weak unstable rocks in the violation zone and conditionally refer the geological violation to one of three groups, a transient geological disturbance is assigned to the first group when
m ≥ l $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{min}}{\text{cr}}$ + h
to the second group with
h + l $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{min}}{\text{cr}}$ > m ≥ h + l $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{min}}{\text{cr}}$ + m _then
and to the third group with
m <h + l $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{min}}{\text{cr}}$ - m _then
where h is the amplitude of the geological disturbance, m;
l _cr minimum extension lining mechanical complex, m;
m coal seam capacity, m;
h _{then the} total thickness of unstable weak rocks in the roof and soil of the reservoir, m,
moreover, the violation of the first group is intersected by means of a shallow turn of the mechanical complex in a vertical plane without undermining the host rocks, in the second group, the geological disturbance is crossed with a violation amplitude h <0.5 m by means of a shallow turn of the complex with a notch of the host rocks, and when h> 0, 5 m violation of the second group is crossed by turning the mechanical complex on the descent or ascent at one time by blowing up rocks of the roof or soil, the intersection of the geological violation of the third group is carried out lyayut using blasting and steer mehkompleksa on descent or ascent at once.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the transition of a geological disturbance with unstable rocks or coals in the disturbance, destroyed to a loose state, the violation is crossed by parts of the mechanical complex, for which the movement of the support sections is carried out first of the two extreme sections of one part, then They are placed on the floor, they carry out a continuous tightening of the roof and fill the arch, after which they move all the middle sections of the lining of this part of the mechanical complex under the fastening, while the upper packs of coal and layers are unstable live breeds are reinforced with anchors, the ends of which are used to install sprinkles on them when tightening the roof in the face, and work on crossing the violation is carried out in the safety section, consisting of the zone of overlapping of the wings of the violation and the adjacent safety zone.  3. The method according to PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that in a shallow turn of the mechanical complex, the height of these steps is taken to be 0.1 0.3 m, and the maximum permissible angle of elevation of the complex is taken to be 12 °, while the complex is turned around with a change in the conveyor angle. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the notch of the host rocks is carried out with uniaxial compression strength σ _sr <40 MPa by a mining combine, and with strength σ _sr > 40 MPa by the blasting method.  5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the intersection of the violation by the mechanical complex, the descent of the complex with blasting of the roof rocks or lifting with the blasting of the soil rocks begins to be carried out by the mixer from the mixer, and the rise of the complex with blasting of the roof rocks or the descent with blasting of the soil rocks begin to the distance from the violation of the beginning of the laying of the inclined intersected excavation, the length of which is equal to the ratio of the product of the amplitude of violation and the capture width of the recess of the combine to the height of the adopted stage of descent or ascent of the complex.

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