RU2065246C1 - Electrogasodynamic generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering. SUBSTANCE: generator has split insulating frame 1 that forms channel accommodating corona-forming electrode 5 and extending electrode 11, transverse electrodes 15, focusing central electrodes 16, and commutator 4. Channel widens towards air flow which is working medium of generator. Corona-forming electrode 5 is mounted at channel inlet and commutator 4, at its outlet. Transverse electrodes 15 made of electricity conducting coating materials, such as enamel, are provided on inner surface of frame. Set of focusing central electrodes 16 arranged in central plane of channel function in conjunction with transverse electrodes to stabilize volume charge within channel. Set of central electrodes is built up of transverse plastic strips with conducting coatings and wire net around it than functions to retard deposition of ions from space onto central electrodes. Transverse electrodes 15 are connected to additional load. Commutator 4 built up of conducting strips or net is connected to main load 20. Central electrodes 16 are grounded through additional load 18. Corona-forming electrode 5 is powered from auxiliary voltage supply 7 during generator starting. Pulling electrode 11 is grounded through relay 12. EFFECT: improved design. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 An electro-gas-dynamic generator (EHD) is a device in which charged positively or negatively dispersed particles or gas ions are transferred by a natural wind against an electric field, deposited on a collector, recombine, increase its voltage.

 As the closest analogue, we can indicate the EHD, the EHD method described in [1] and the apparatus [1] in which particles of atomized liquid charged at the inlet of the channel are transported by an air flow to successively located collectors, the channel walls consist of transverse streamlined planes, between the gaps between additional air flows into the channel. To reduce the mutual repulsion of charged particles by their own electrostatic field, neutral liquid particles are additionally injected into the channel.

 Significant energy losses due to air friction against discontinuous planes, as well as losses in the zone of particle formation and charge, are inevitable in this design. Injection of additional fluid will decrease the density of the space charge.

 At the same time, with the influx of fresh air through the gaps in the fences, a return air stream with charged particles comes out from the channel, which, in addition to reducing the density of the space charge, will cause a violation of the ecological purity of the atmosphere (with any liquids except water).

 The use of air ions in EGDG instead of dispersed particles will be much more effective, the environment will not be disturbed, on the contrary, when working with minus ions and taking them out with an air current, environmental conditions will increase, since the minus ions contained in the air are a known healing factor.

 However, ions, having great mobility, under the influence of their own electric field always leave the ionized cloud and a very low density space charge reaches the collector, hence low efficiency.

 The author developed EGDG-2, which has a fundamental novelty in applying the effective pulsating corona discharge method with low losses in the ionization zone and stabilizing the space charge from scattering of a system of focusing electrodes (electric fields) providing the necessary ion density.

 The invention consists in the following.

 1. The dielectric detachable housing of the generator to reduce friction has a cross section with the smallest perimeter, providing maximum volume with a minimum surface and a compact layout of the blocks.

 2. The use of focusing electrodes from electrically conductive coatings (spraying, enamel) will ensure a low coefficient of friction.

 3. An increase in the initial density of the space charge is achieved by using a pulsed corona current transducer with intermittent synchronous inclusion of the pulling electrode.

 4. Focusing of a space charge by a simple system of central electrodes.

 5. Inverting collector current V.N. in current N.N.

 6. Increasing the generator power by using several sequentially arranged sections of ionizing, focusing and current-collecting electrodes (collectors).

 In FIG. 1 shows a wind EGDG-2; in FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partitioned EGDG-2.

 1. The main link of the EGDG-2 (Fig. 1) is a block consisting of a channel — a thin-walled dielectric housing 1 that is detachable in medium density and in cross section having a figure with a small perimeter, for example, a circle, a hexagon, an ellipse with fastening clamps 2, a small nozzle 3, collector 4, at the input there is a corona electrode 5 connected through a chopper 6 with a high-voltage starting feeder 7, through a pulse converter 8 with a capacitor 9 and through a diode and connecting wire 10 with an inverter. The pulling electrode 11 through the relay 12 is connected to the crown circuit synchronously with the corona electrode.

 On the inner surface of the housing there are many transverse electrodes (PE) of electrically conductive coatings 13 with minimal friction. PE of the upper and lower parts of the housing are connected by detachable contacts 14. The external terminals of PE 15 are closed to the load and voltage limiters, they can be connected to the corona electrode as additional power sources.

 On the middle plane of the transfer zone is a system of focusing central electrodes (CE), consisting of transverse plates coated with electrically conductive enamel 16, fastened by dielectric strips 17. Each CE element is connected to an additional load 18.

 The CE has a grid of transverse parallel wires with leads for connection to a threshold arrester.

 The collector 4, consisting of conductive plates or grids located at the output, through the wire 10, is connected to the inverter, gives energy through the relay 19 to the load 2, partially, when working with self-excitation, to the corona discharge system.

 At the initial start-up, power can be supplied by an auxiliary high-voltage source of low power 7, during brief interruptions in operation, by a high-voltage capacitor 9 connected through a converter 8 to a corona electrode.

 To fully automate the start-up processes, power control in accordance with the wind speed, it is necessary to equip the electronics, in particular, a feedback system.

The generator consists of paired blocks, the dimensions of one block in cross section can be up to several m ² , length up to 3-5 m.

 The generator can use wind with a speed of 3-4 to 40-50 m / s and higher (with an appropriate design calculation), which is not possible for winged wind turbines.

 The generator (block) operates on positive or negative ions. In the corona discharge zone, the average ion velocity is about 50-60 m / s, i.e. several times greater than the average wind speed (8-10 m / s) and with a small interelectrode gap (30-50 mm) to reduce current loss to the extraction electrode, the corona is powered by a pulsating discharge, the required frequency and duty cycle of the corona discharge is supported by a pulse converter. The feasibility of such a method is confirmed by the calculation and test results of the laboratory model.

 It is further assumed that the generator operates on positive ions.

 Ions from the ionization zone are carried by the air stream into the transfer zone. The process of braking the scattering of a space charge (lateral stabilization) is as follows.

 As a result of the electric induction of positive space charge and PE charges, negative charges are formed on the surface of the CE, positive through the leads instantly go to earth through an additional load. The transverse field of induced negative charges on the CE located inside the space charge is directed against the field of positive space charge surrounding these electrodes and largely compensates for it. The total field of the system of negative CE charges (mainly) and positively charged PE, according to the Gauss theorem, at the level of the outer surface of the space charge can completely compensate for the transverse field of this charge and prevent ion scattering into the volume, only ion diffusion onto PE continues, but it is relatively insignificant .

 At the same time, having a charge from ions of the same sign deposited from the volume of the same sign as the volume one and the voltage of each electrode corresponding to a given section of the transfer zone (this voltage is set by a threshold arrester), the average value of the collector's counter field in each section of the zone is maintained along the entire length of the transfer zone.

 All of the above is mainly confirmed in the experiment on the model.

 Naturally, in addition to the interaction of fields, there is also a direct exchange of charged particles. Positive ions of the internal layers of the space charge, where there is a significant imbalance of fields, rush to negatively charged CEs, precipitate, recombine, and under the influence of the same electrical induction, positive charges are immediately assigned to the conclusions and load. The processes of charging and discharging CEs in accordance with the laws of switching transients occur automatically (oscillatory processes). Moreover, the induction rate is incommensurably higher than the rate of deposition of ions from the volume, therefore, negative charges will always prevail on almost all CEs, the transverse field of which, as mentioned above, inhibits the scattering of the space charge. The pulsating current of the CE has an energy equal to the energy of the fraction of the space charge deposited in the form of ions in each generator cross section; this energy increases as the ions approach the collector, i.e. the energy of ions deposited on the CE is largely utilized, although to a lesser extent than on the collector, which receives the bulk of the space charge.

According to preliminary calculations, the EGDG-2 unit at a wind speed of about 10 m / s will have an efficiency of 45 50% and specific power:
to the cross-sectional area up to 250-300 W / m ²
to weight 25 40 W / kg
output voltage without converter up to 100 120 kV.

 With increasing wind speed, specific power will increase.

 2. In FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of an EGDG-2, in the housing 1 of which several sections with electrode complexes 21 are installed, including a collector 4, a corona electrode 5 and a pull electrode 11. The section lengths should be sufficient at an average wind speed of 8-10 m / s to create voltage collectors 6-8 times the crown voltage.

 Power supply of the corona sections is possible from one source 22, in this case they are connected in parallel. Collectors with load are connected independently, but at close voltages they can be connected in parallel.

 The collectors of the first and subsequent sections, having a higher voltage than the corona electrodes, will exert additional pressure on the ions by their field, accelerating their movement to the next collector. With relative reservoir permeability, i.e. the passage of some ions through the gaps by the constituent electrodes without contact with them, the ions that have passed through it will be assigned by the stream to the next collector.

 The power and efficiency of a partitioned generator will be significantly higher than with a single cycle.

 3. Air friction on the housing surface in the generator has a noticeable effect on the efficiency, one of the conditions for reduction is the use of a cross section with a relatively small perimeter, a hexagon, circle or ellipse can be attributed to such section shapes.

 The design of the proposed generator is simple, so it can be made in any specialized mechanical workshop. Lightweight structures, for example, tubular masts with extensions, can be used as a support.

 When using especially light materials, for example light fabrics, impregnated cardboard (with appropriate reinforcement) for working planes of household EHD wind turbines, it is possible to produce collapsible and even portable wind turbines (for example, for expeditions).

 At this time, the development of technical documentation for prototype 2 has been completed, having dimensions close to the dimensions of a household generator, its production is planned. A small laboratory sample of EGDG, previously made on the basis of the Research Institute of Electromechanical Engineering, showed encouraging results when tested.

Claims (3)

 1. An electro-gas-dynamic generator containing a dielectric channel, at the input of which there are corona electrodes forming positive or negative ions, with power at the initial start-up from an auxiliary voltage source of low power, the collector connected to the main load at the output, characterized in that the generator consists of thin-walled detachable housing made of dielectric with low surface conductivity and high breakdown voltage, the channel cross-section is made expanding along the length e of the casing and determining the maximum channel volume at the minimum surface, the generator contains transverse electrodes made of electrically conductive coatings on the inner surface of the casing, each transverse electrode is connected with an additional load, while a system of focusing central electrodes located along the middle plane of the transfer zone ion charge and transverse electrodes transverse stabilization of the space charge, and the system consists of transverse plastics of strips with conductive coatings and is surrounded by a wire mesh that slows down the deposition of ions from the volume on the central electrodes, each central electrode is connected to ground through an additional load, the corona electrode is fed through an inverter connected to a collector consisting of conductive plates or grids through a pulse converter low frequency with a certain duty cycle with self-excitation, and the corona electrode is connected to a high-voltage capacitor that stabilizes the voltage Ron, the generator contains a pulling electrode, grounded through a relay connected to a pulse converter.  2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that in the housing in the transfer zone are installed at certain intervals, providing a significant increase in ion energy relative to the initial, several sections with electrode complexes, each complex includes a corona and draw electrodes and a collector.  3. The generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cross section of the housing has a figure with a small perimeter, for example, in the shape of a circle, or a hexagon, or an ellipse.

Images