RU2063901C1 - Method and device for compensation for drift and enhancing stability of sailing catamaran - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding. SUBSTANCE: centerboard of leeside hull of catamaran is turned about vertical axis lying in plane parallel to CL through angle of attack; simultaneously, windward centerboard is turned about horizontal axis lying in plane parallel to CL of winding hull. Device for realization of this method has centerboards connected with shafts by means of antifriction bearings assembled on rigid bases suspended in gimbals and secured on rigid frames lowered in centerboard wells. Each gimbal mount is provided with two mechanisms for orientation of shafts in azimuth and angle of attack. EFFECT: enhanced reliability. 14 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding and can be used to increase the maneuverability and propulsion of a sailing catamaran.

 There is a method of compensating for drift and increasing the stability of a sailing catamaran on the move by changing the position of the dowels relative to the hulls of the catamaran (see Handbook on small-tonnage shipbuilding, compiled by B. G. Mordvinov. L. Shipbuilding. 1988, p. 171).

 A device is also known for compensating for drift and increasing the stability of a sailing catamaran on the move, containing dowels and dowels with mechanisms for changing the position of the daggers relative to the hulls of the catamaran (see ibid.).

 However, the known method of compensating for drift and increasing the stability of a sailing catamaran on the move and a device for its implementation do not provide the catamaran with sufficient maneuverability, stability and propulsion.

 The technical result from the implementation of the group of inventions is to increase maneuverability, stability and speed.

 When the method is implemented, this result is achieved by turning the leeward hull dagger by the angle of attack around a vertical axis lying in a plane parallel to the leeward hull, while the windward dagger is being turned around a horizontal axis lying in a plane parallel to the leeward hull diametrical plane.

 At the same time, the above technical result in the implementation of the device is achieved by the fact that the dowels are fastened with shafts installed in sliding bearings, which are mounted on rigid bases, suspended in cardan suspensions, mounted on rigid frames that are installed in dowel wells, each cardan the suspension is equipped with two shaft orientation mechanisms containing the backstage with sliders having levers that are fastened to the uterine nuts of the spindles with the handwheels of these mechanisms for orienting tion reversals relative shafts gimbal axes and the shafts are provided with their levers rotatable about their own axes with cables for locking these levers.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 schematically shows a perspective view of a sailing catamaran; figure 2 sailing catamaran with the vertical position of the dowels; figure 3 the same when one of the daggers is rejected outward from the outer side of its hull; in Fig.4 the same when rejected by another dagger outward from the outer side of its hull; figure 5 the same when the deviation of both daggers outward from the outer sides of their buildings; in FIG. 6 the same with the deflection of both daggers in the direction of the diametrical plane of the catamaran; in FIG. 7 the same with the horizontal position of both daggers, deflected towards the diametrical plane of the catamaran; on Fig the same with an indication of the kinematic diagram of the deflection of the dowels when one of them deviates outward from the side of its hull; Fig.9 is the same with an indication of the kinematic diagram of the deflection of the dowels when the other deviates outward from the side of its hull; figure 10 axonometric projection of a sailing catamaran indicating the dowel T-shaped wells; in Fig.11 node A in Fig.10, the control mechanism of the dowels of a sailing catamaran; in FIG. 12 shows a crank mechanism for turning the shaft of the daggerboard; in Fig.13 shows a worm gear for turning the shaft of the dagger; on Fig shows the mechanism for the simultaneous adjustment of both daggers using self-locking worm gears.

 The sailing catamaran (Fig. 1) is equipped with sails 1 and 2, leeward 3 and windward 4 hulls with keel-daggers of the leeward 5 and windward 6 hulls installed in the dowel wells with the ability to control the magnitude of the extension of the dowels from the fully retracted to the dowel well extended to the full the length of the daggerboard.

, формируемая при обдувании ветром парусов 1 и 2, приложена к центру парусности (ЦП) 7 парусного вооружения катамарана. Сила

может быть представлена в виде двух составляющих

и

. Составляющая

приводит в движение парусный катамаран, а составляющая

вызывает дрейф и крен парусного судна. При этом крен парусного судна вызывается моментом силы

относительно центра бокового сопротивления (ЦБС) 8 подветренного корпуса 3 катамарана (фиг. 3 и 4).Aerodynamic lift

, formed when the wind blows on sails 1 and 2, is attached to the center of the sail (CP) 7 of the sailing armament of the catamaran. Power

can be represented as two components

and

. Component

drives the sailing catamaran, and the component

causes drift and roll of the sailing ship. In this case, the roll of the sailing vessel is caused by the moment of force

relative to the center of lateral resistance (CBS) 8 leeward housing 3 of the catamaran (Fig. 3 and 4).

.In this regard, the claimed in the proposed method, the goal should be aimed at neutralizing the action of the component of the aerodynamic lifting force of sailing weapons

.

, лежащей в плоскости, параллельной диаметральной плоскости подветренного корпуса 3 (здесь и далее по тексту α₁ меньше критического угла атаки, при котором происходит срыв потоков со шверта-крыла, α₁∈ [(0^°; (10-12)^°)]).According to the proposed method, the daggerboard 5 of the leeward body 3 is rotated by the value of the angle of attack α ₁ around the vertical axis

lying in a plane parallel to the diametrical plane of the leeward hull 3 (hereinafter, α _{1 is} less than the critical angle of attack at which stalls occur from the wing-dagger, α ₁ ∈ [(0 ^° ; (10-12) ^° )] )

против часовой стрелки на угол атаки α₁ и обтекании шверта потоком воды, вызванным движением катамарана под парусами, к шверту 5 приложена гидродинамическая подъемная сила

"поперечная сила", компенсирующая действие cилы

, вызывающей дрейф парусного судна.When turning the dagger 5 around the axis

counterclockwise at the angle of attack α ₁ and flow around the daggerboard with a stream of water caused by the movement of the catamaran under sail, hydrodynamic lifting force is applied to the dagger 5

"lateral force" compensating for the force

causing drift of a sailing ship.

, т.е. подбором угла атаки α₁, экипаж парусного катамарана получает возможность оптимальной компенсации дрейфа судна с минимизацией потерь на гидродинамическое лобовое сопротивление корпусов судна.The selection of the angle of rotation of the dagger 5 around the axis

, i.e. by selecting the angle of attack α ₁ , the crew of the sailing catamaran gets the opportunity to optimally compensate for the drift of the vessel with minimizing losses on the hydrodynamic drag of the hulls.

, установленной в плоскости, параллельной диаметральной плоскости наветренного корпуса 4, на некоторый угол β_i.At the same time, according to the proposed method, the crew of the sailing catamaran rotates the daggerboard 6 of the windward hull 4 around the horizontal axis

installed in a plane parallel to the diametrical plane of the windward hull 4, at a certain angle β _i .

. Вертикальная составляющая гидродинамической подъемной силы

:

где β- угол поворота шверта 6 вокруг оси аа,
вызывает относительно ЦБС 8 наветренного корпуса 3 (фиг.3 и 4) восстанавливающий момент, препятствующий крену и опрокидыванию парусного катамарана на ходу под парусами из-за момента силы

.In the event that the dagger 6 has an asymmetric profile, for example, flat-convex, with the convexity of the profile directed downward, a hydrodynamic lifting force is formed on the dagger 6 when the sailing catamaran moves

. The vertical component of the hydrodynamic lifting force

:

where β is the angle of rotation of the dagger 6 around the axis aa,
causes, relative to CBS 8 of the windward hull 3 (Figs. 3 and 4), a restoring moment that prevents the roll and tipping of the sailing catamaran on the move under sail due to the moment of force

.

относительно ЦБС 8 будет максимальной (при скорости катамарана V const при sinβ sin 90^o 1). Очевидно, что любое промежуточноe положение шверта наветренного корпуса между положениями шверта 6 и 9 приведет к меньшим значениям восстанавливающего момента, а это означает, что, изменяя угловое положение шверта 6 наветренного корпуса 4 поворотом шверта на угол b_i вокруг оси

, экипаж катамарана получает возможность регулировать остойчивость парусного судна на ходу под парусами.In figure 1, the daggerboard 6 of the windward hull 4 is deployed in a horizontal position. Moreover, the value of the restoring moment of force

relative to the central heating system 8 will be maximum (at a catamaran speed V const at sinβ sin 90 ^o 1). Obviously, any intermediate position of the windward seamide between the positions of the seamount 6 and 9 will lead to lower values of the restoring moment, which means that by changing the angular position of the seamount 6 of the windward seam 4 by turning the seamide at an angle b _i around the axis

, the catamaran crew gets the opportunity to adjust the stability of the sailing ship on the move under sail.

, а шверт наветренного корпуса обеспечивает компенсацию момента закренивающей опрокидывающей силы F_ВК (на чертежах показаны два шверта с плоско-выпуклыми сечениями).In FIG. Figures 3 and 4 schematically show the positions of the catamaran's daggers when moving under the sails of the left and right tacks. In all of these cases, the downwind daggerboard provides drift compensation

and the dagger of the windward hull provides compensation for the moment of the shear tipping force F _VK (two daggers with flat-convex sections are shown in the drawings).

 The proposed method allows you to take a fresh look at the use of daggers of a sailing catamaran (FIGS. 5, 6 and 7).

 In the event that the plano-convex daggers are turned in different directions from the catamaran hulls with their bulges down (Fig. 5), the vessel on the move should “sink”, additionally loaded with hydrodynamic lifting forces formed on the dagger-wings and directed downward.

 When the daggers are located in the space between the hulls (Fig.6 and 7) under the action of hydrodynamic forces generated by the daggers, the catamaran on the move under sail has a tendency to exit to the dagger-wings.

и

позволяет считать возможным установку швертов вне швертовых колодцев на валах в подшипниках, закрепленных на днище корпусов катамарана под обтекателями.To go through the shallow water and store ashore without cleaning the dowels into the dowel wells, it may be recommended to turn the dowels in a horizontal position into the space between the buildings (Fig. 7). This option of turning the dowels around the horizontal axes

and

allows us to consider it possible to install daggers outside the dagger wells on shafts in bearings mounted on the bottom of the catamaran’s hulls under the cowls.

и

(см. фиг.1).The proposed method allows to compensate for the drift and increase the stability of the sailing catamaran, including when using dowels of symmetrical section. In this case, additional mechanisms should be involved to set the angle of attack of the dowels by rotating them around the axes.

and

(see figure 1).

 The simultaneous execution of the operations of turning the dagger of the leeward and windward hulls can be ensured, inter alia, using the kinematic diagram of the drive shown in Figs. 8 and 9.

и

, закрепленном на жесткой раме 16, опущенной в швертовый колодец 17 (швертовый колодец правого корпуса 18) корпуса катамарана 19. Кардановый подвес 15 снабжен двумя механизмами 20 и 21 (фиг.1 и 2), содержащими кулисы 22, 23 с ползунами кулис 24, 25, рычагами ползунов 26, 27, скрепленными с маточными гайками 28, 29 ходовых винтов 30, 31 с маховичками 32, 33 ручного управления ориентацией вала 11 по азимуту и разворотом относительно горизонтальной оси

карданового подвеса, перпендикулярной диаметральной плоскости корпуса катамарана. Вал 11 снабжен рычагом 34 поворота вала вокруг оси аа с тросами 35, 36. Тросы 35, 36 закрепляют на "утках" 37, 38 и таким образом фиксируют рычаг вала 34, вал 11, а с ним и шверт 10 в выбранном положении.A device for implementing the proposed method contains (Fig. 11, for example, the mechanisms of the catamaran’s left hull) a dagger 10, rigidly fastened to a shaft 11 mounted in sliding bearings 12 and 13, assembled on a rigid base 14 suspended in a cardan suspension 15 with axles

and

mounted on a rigid frame 16, lowered into the dowel well 17 (dowel well of the right housing 18) of the catamaran 19 body. The gimbal 15 is equipped with two mechanisms 20 and 21 (FIGS. 1 and 2) containing the wings 22, 23 with the sliders 24, 25, the levers of the sliders 26, 27, fastened with the fallopian nuts 28, 29 of the lead screws 30, 31 with the handwheels 32, 33 of the manual control of the orientation of the shaft 11 in azimuth and a rotation about the horizontal axis

gimbal, perpendicular to the diametrical plane of the catamaran. The shaft 11 is equipped with a shaft rotation lever 34 around the axis aa with cables 35, 36. The cables 35, 36 are fixed on the “ducks” 37, 38 and thus fix the shaft lever 34, the shaft 11, and with it the dagger 10 in the selected position.

 The dagger 10 and the dagger control mechanism are mounted on a rigid frame 16 and lowered into a T-shaped (in plan) dagger well 17 (18) in the catamaran 19 body. For example, in shallow water, the frame 16 can be removed from the dagger well in the usual way.

на угол α = α₁ по часовой стрелке для левого корпуса и против часовой стрелки для правого корпуса в том случае, когда эти корпуса работают как подветренные. При вращении швертов вокруг осей

и

из вертикального в горизонтальное положение углы атаки α₁= α₂ трансформируются в углы стреловидности швертов-крыльев. Т.к. ходовой винт с маточной гайкой самотормозящаяся пара, то выбранные значения α₁= α₂ сохраняются без дополнительных фиксаций.According to the proposed method, using the device for its implementation in the process of moving under sails, the following sequence of operations is carried out to control the sailing catamaran's daggers. First of all, adjust the dowel of the leeward hull to a specific value of the angle of attack α = α ₁ to compensate for drift when moving at a predicted speed. To do this, using the shaft orientation mechanism 11 (Fig. 11) in azimuth 20, the rotation of the handwheel 32 with the lead screw 30 moves the uterine nut 28 and, through the slide 25 with the link arm 26, the rigid gimbal housing 15 is rotated around the axis

by an angle α = α ₁ clockwise for the left case and counterclockwise for the right case when these cases work as leewards. When rotating the dowels around the axes

and

from vertical to horizontal position, the angles of attack α ₁ = α _{2 are} transformed into the sweep angles of the daggers-wings. Because lead screw with a uterine nut self-braking pair, then the selected values of α ₁ = α ₂ are stored without additional fixations.

. C этой целью с помощью механизма ориентации 21 вала 11 (фиг.11) вращением маховичка 33 вращают ходовой винт 31 и посредством маточной гайки 29 через рычаг 27, ползун 24 и кулису 23 поворачивают жесткое основание 14 с подшипниками скольжения 12 и 13 вокруг оси

на угол атаки γ, равный углу атаки шверта 10 в положении, показанном поз.6 на фиг.1. Величина угла g в этом случае определяется необходимостью компенсации опрокидывающего момента силы

и выбирается с учетом прогнозируемой скорости движения под парусами.After the angles of attack α ₁ and α ₂ , which determine the magnitude of the force compensating for the drift of the catamaran [F _Дi (α _i , V)], where V is the speed of the catamaran, are set, the angles of attack of the daggers operating in the mode of counteracting the overturning moment of force are established

. To this end, using the orientation mechanism 21 of the shaft 11 (11), the rotary knob 33 is rotated by the handwheel 33 and the rigid base 14 with sliding bearings 12 and 13 is rotated around the axis through the lever 27, the slider 24 and the link 23

at an angle of attack γ equal to the angle of attack of the dowel 10 in the position shown in pos.6 in figure 1. The angle g in this case is determined by the need to compensate for the overturning moment of force

and is selected taking into account the predicted speed of movement under the sails.

(фиг.11) на угол β_i и фиксируют положение шверта путем крепления тросов 35 и 36 на утках 37 и 38 (фиг.11). Аналогичные операции выполняются для шверта правого корпуса при смене галса (фиг.1).After adjusting the daggers of the left and right hulls at the angles of attack γ ₁ and γ _{2, the} movement of the sailing catamaran by the selected tack is accompanied by adjustment of the position of the dagger 6 of the windward hull 4 by selecting a specific value of the rotation angle β _i (Fig. 1). To do this, turn the lever 34 around the axis

(11) at an angle β _i and fix the position of the dagger by attaching the cables 35 and 36 to the ducks 37 and 38 (11). Similar operations are performed for the dagger of the right case when changing the tack (figure 1).

The rotation of the shaft 11 through the angle β _i , can be carried out including using the crank mechanism shown in Fig. 12, or using the worm wheel 39 of the single-entry worm 40 of the shaft 41 with a handwheel 42 of manual control (Fig. 13). In this case, the dagger 10 is set at an angle β _i using a gear pair 43 and 44.

и

обеспечиваются самотормозящимися червячными передачами, парами 39 и 40. Посредством конических зубчатых колес 45, 46 левого корпуса и конических зубчатых колес 47, 48 правого корпуса, вала 49 с муфтой 50 для отключения линии валов левого и правого корпусов обеспечивается "согласованное включение" швертов наветренного и подветренного корпусов в работу по обеспечению компенсации дрейфа и повышению остойчивости парусного катамарана на ходу. На фиг.14 место сопряжения швертов с днищами корпусов катамарана защищено обтекателями 51 и 52.For quick, simple, simultaneous adjustment of the flaps of the left and right cases, the device shown in Fig. 14 can be proposed. Swing turns around the axles

and

are provided with self-braking worm gears, pairs 39 and 40. By means of bevel gears 45, 46 of the left case and bevel gears 47, 48 of the right case, shaft 49 with clutch 50, a “coordinated inclusion” of the windward and leeward hulls to work to ensure drift compensation and increase the stability of the sailing catamaran on the go. In Fig.14, the interface between the daggers and the bottoms of the hulls of the catamaran is protected by fairings 51 and 52.

 The proposed set of essential technical solutions makes it possible to turn the dowels with dowel control mechanisms into operatively controlled hydraulic daggers-wings, which allow using the catamaran sailing equipment with maximum efficiency. YYY2 YYY4 YYY6 YYY8 YYY10 YYY12

Claims (2)

 1. A method of compensating for the drift and increasing the stability of the sailing catamaran on the move by changing the position of the daggers relative to the hulls of the catamaran, characterized in that the dagger of the leeward hull is turned by the angle of attack around a vertical axis lying in a plane parallel to the diametrical plane of the leeward hull, while the windward dagger is deployed around a horizontal axis lying in a plane parallel to the diametrical plane of the windward hull.  2. A device for compensating drift and increasing the stability of the sailing catamaran on the move, containing dowels and dowels with mechanisms for changing the position of the dowels relative to the hulls of the catamaran, characterized in that the dowels are attached to shafts mounted in plain bearings mounted on rigid bases suspended in cardan suspensions mounted on rigid frames that are installed in the dowel wells, while each cardan suspension is equipped with two shaft orientation mechanisms containing scenes with sliders having levers that are fastened to the uterine nuts of the spindles with the handwheels of these mechanisms for orienting the shafts with a turn relative to the axles of the cardan suspension, and the shafts are equipped with levers of their rotation around their own axes with cables for fixing these levers.

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