RU2063595C1 - Device for continuous treatment of waste - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: device comprises slot hoppers with dischargers arranged concentrically above the drying chamber mounted above the charging port of a furnace with a liquid bath. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of metallurgical production, in particular to furnaces for processing domestic and industrial waste in a slag melt.

A device (analogue) for supplying household waste to furnace devices of boiler units, containing a storage hopper for receiving waste from garbage plants, a clamshell crane for transferring waste to a receiving funnel with an unloader on the furnace device of a boiler unit for burning waste [1]
The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a continuous device for burning solid waste containing a furnace with a melt, gas supply units, means for removing slag and melt and a material loading unit located above the furnace loading window [2]
The disadvantage of this furnace is the large number of waste fillings, which reduces the reliability. The small volume of solid household waste (MSW) accumulation at the furnace makes it necessary to create a separate large storage bunker for receiving a daily supply of household waste. The need to have such a waste bunker is dictated by the fact that garbage trucks collect and deliver household waste only in the daytime. A bridge clamshell crane is usually used to transfer waste from the storage hopper to a hopper. To ensure the smooth operation of waste processing units, some companies install a backup overhead clamshell crane in case the main one comes out.

 This waste feed system is described in analogue and is used in all incinerators.

 The specified system for supplying waste to devices for their processing is not environmentally friendly, because has a large number of overloads; it is necessary to have a large storage hopper, designed for a daily supply of waste. This storage hopper cannot be sealed, therefore it is an epidemic source of infection. The bunker is practically not cleaned off, and if this happens, then the discharge is sent to the sewer.

 A significant drawback of the feed system is the inability to average the waste composition when fed into the furnace. This circumstance leads to the occurrence of “pops” and one-off emissions of combustion products into the gas path of the furnace, violating the stability of the process for emissions into the atmosphere. Another disadvantage is that it is impossible to dry the waste before it enters the furnace shaft. These shortcomings, and especially environmental ones, made us radically revise existing technical solutions.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency and profitability of processing household waste in slag melt.

 This is achieved by the fact that the waste supply unit is made in the form of a drying chamber having channels for heated air with slotted bins located above it, arranged concentrically relative to the chamber and united above the discharge gap by a vault having a loading window in the upper part and forming a closed volume with the drying chamber, while the bins are equipped with covers with lifting mechanisms and cabs with slopes for directing waste into the bunker.

 The proposed device is characterized in that by placing the drying chamber with slotted bins above the loading window of the furnace, averaging, drying and continuous flow of the charge into the loading part of the furnace is achieved, which ensures a stable composition of flue gases. In addition, the intermediate storage and accumulation of waste in the storage hopper, which is an epidemic source of infection, is excluded.

 The proposed device is designed to supply waste directly from garbage trucks to slotted bins. In our offer, the garbage trucks work in two shifts of 8 hours in each day and evening. During the operation of garbage trucks, the necessary stock for the night shift is created. This stock is stored in garbage trucks at night and is consumed as needed.

 Thus, the proposed device meets the intended goal - the efficiency and environmental friendliness of the processing of household waste with the least number of overloads.

These essential features of the proposed device give the furnace with a liquid bath new properties:
versatility by expanding the range of composition and moisture of solid waste, since the unloaders of each hopper can work according to a given program;
stability of the furnace due to the possibility of preliminary drying of solid waste, which eliminates one-off emissions of combustion products and stabilizes the composition of flue gases;
reliability of the furnace due to redundancy of slotted bins with unloaders;
environmental friendliness of workplaces in the furnace zone due to sealing of slot-hole bins and the possibility of their systematic cleaning, moreover, the cleaning products are sent only to the furnace.

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed device; in FIG. 2 - cross section along aa; figure 3 view along arrow B, the place of unloading of garbage trucks.

 The furnace (1, 2, 3) contains a hearth (1), a bath with a melt (2), lances (3) for supplying blast to the melt, a siphon (4) with a drain threshold (5).

 The front loading part of the furnace (6) is separated by a dividing wall (7) supporting the cowl (8) from the gas duct (9). In the arch (10) of the furnace, a loading window (11) is made. A drying chamber (12) with channels (13) for supplying heated air is installed above the loading window (11).

 Concentric slotted hoppers (15) with unloaders are installed on the top cover (14) of the drying chamber (12). The latter (unloaders) are usually performed plunger type. They contain a plunger (16) and an actuator (17).

 Municipal solid waste (18) is loaded from the slot bin (15) from above. The upper part of the hopper (15) is located at the level of the unloading platform (19) and is closed by a lid (20) mounted on the axis (21).

 To raise and lower the covers (20), a mechanism for raising them is provided, for example, a cable stand (winch) (22) with a route (23) for starting the cover (20). Slotted hoppers (15) are connected by a vault (24) above the slit (25). In the arch (24) there is a window (26) for the supply of industrial waste or fluxes. For unloading garbage trucks (27), at each slot hopper (15) a booth (28) with slopes (29) is installed to direct the solid waste into the hopper. An opening (31) is made in the slope (29) to the wall (30) for access to the covers (20) and cable stand (22).

 The supply of municipal solid waste to the furnace is as follows. Depending on the level of filling the hopper (15) with waste (18), a specific booth (28) is selected for unloading the garbage truck (27). The hopper lid (20) opens using, for example, cable stand (22). To start the cover (20), it is necessary to connect the cable to the cover (20) and then lift it, after which the garbage truck enters the cab in reverse and unloads waste into the hopper. Waste is continuously fed by the plunger (16) of the unloader into the drying chamber (12), where the solid waste is dried.

 Industrial waste is fed through the central window (26) in the arch (24) by a conveyor belt. With the conveyor, the waste enters the drain with a hinged gate and then to the window (26). The plunger (16) reciprocates from the drive (17).

 The performance of the unloading waste from the hopper is determined by the number of double strokes.

 The number of slot hoppers located concentrically relative to the drying chamber is selected depending on the volume of solid waste accumulation in the furnace and the elevations of the workshop.

 As an example of a specific design, the installation "UPO-16-34" with a capacity of 16 t / h in solid waste is proposed. Four slotted hoppers (type B) are installed, each with a capacity of 16 tons, i.e. for one hour of continuous operation of the furnace. The furnace loading system is serviced by one worker.

 For continuous operation of the furnace in the amount of 384 tons / day, 24 garbage trucks are provided for solid waste, which collect waste and deliver to the furnace, with 16 garbage trucks working in the first shift (8 hours), and only 8 garbage trucks in the second shift. During the work during two shifts (day and evening), slotted bunkers are loaded and a stock of solid waste for night work is created. A stock of solid waste in the amount of 128 tons is stored in 16 garbage trucks and spent at night as needed. Thanks to such an organization of work on the call and delivery of solid waste to the processing site and the proposed technical solutions, it is possible to eliminate the epidemic source of infection, to reduce capital and operating costs in accordance with the intended purpose of the invention. YYY2

Claims (1)

 A device for the continuous processing of waste containing a melting furnace, gas supply units, a waste supply unit located above the loading window of the mine, and melt discharge units, characterized in that the waste supply unit is made in the form of a drying chamber having channels for heated air with slotted bins above it, arranged concentrically with respect to the chamber and united above the discharge gap by a vault having a loading window in the upper part and forming a closed volume with the chamber, while slotted hoppers borudovany caps with their lifting mechanism and cabins with slopes in the direction of the waste bunker.

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