RU2063132C1 - Fish, crustaceous or mollusks rearing pond - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aquaculture. SUBSTANCE: pond has carcass with constant-floatability pontoons and ballast chambers with inlet and outlet openings for water and compressed air and for regulating pond floatability, net chamber, pond depth control device and wide caisson chamber open from bottom and adapted to be filled with air. Inner volume of caisson chamber and parameters of depth control device are selected such that decrease in the value of additional floatability, created by caisson chamber due to storm waves causing discharge of air from caisson chamber, disturbs pond floatability force balance and equalizing action of pond depth control device to such extent, that balance reduction occurs only in case pond is submerged to depth inaccessible to storm waves. Caisson chamber may be fixed to carcass by ropes and central part of net chamber cover may be fitted along perimeter of caisson chamber, which may be further provided with float for imparting permanent floatability exceeding cover weight to it. EFFECT: increased efficiency, wider operational capabilities, simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation. 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular, to technical means for growing aquatic organisms.

 Currently, a tendency has been developed to grow aquatic organisms, such as fish, crustaceans and mollusks, in cages submerged under water. The use of such cages makes it possible to eliminate adverse temperature effects on cultivation objects and maintain optimal temperature conditions of detention, protect hydrobionts from unwanted wave effects, prevent damage to the structure by storms, floating debris, ice, and reduce the likelihood of product theft.

 A device is known for growing fish or mollusks in the open sea [1] containing a frame-shaped body, inside of which there is a cage of flexible construction, supported by winding ropes on winches, to the lower ends of which weights are attached. The frame-shaped body is equipped with constant and adjustable buoyancy cameras. This device may be located either on the surface of the water or at the bottom.

 The disadvantages of this design include the impossibility of positioning the device in the water column in the entire range of depths, the inability to automatically self-flood to a safe depth during storms, in addition, this design, submerged to a depth, does not provide cultivated aquatic organisms with access to air, which is necessary to maintain normal vital activity of some species of fish, for example, salmon.

 Known design of the cage with adjustable depth [2] The frame of the cage is equipped with ballast chambers with corresponding holes for the inlet and outlet of water and compressed air to control buoyancy. A net camera is attached to the frame, the cage is equipped with a depth positioning device, which consists of mooring cables, floats fixed in certain places of these cables; and anchors placed at the bottom in a certain way. Such a device allows you to set the charge at the desired depth, balancing its adjustable buoyancy with the efforts of the mooring cables, as well as control the speed of immersion and ascent.

 However, this design has several disadvantages. Zadok does not have the ability to automatically self-flood to a safe depth during storms. Therefore, when using it in open water areas, either, if possible, lay a hose for supplying and discharging compressed air from the cage to the shore to control the depth of immersion manually, or equip the cage with complex remote or automatic control equipment. Possible breakages of mooring cables or detachments of floats during operation can lead to the sink sinking to the bottom and damage to its net chamber, in addition, for fish there is no access to air when the sink is immersed to a depth.

 The aim of the invention is to improve the conditions of cultivated aquatic organisms, increase the storm protection of the structure and simplify operation.

 The proposed cage for growing fish, crustaceans or mollusks, consisting of a frame equipped with pontoons of constant buoyancy and ballast chambers with corresponding inlets for the inlet and outlet of water and compressed air to control the buoyancy of the cage; a network camera attached to the frame; according to the invention, the cage positioning device is equipped with a wide, open bottom caisson chamber with a certain internal volume, which is filled with air, thereby giving the cage the corresponding additional buoyancy. Moreover, the value of the internal volume of the caisson chamber and the parameters of the positioning device are selected in such a way that a decrease in the magnitude of the indicated additional buoyancy due to the action of storm waves causing the cage to swing and air to splash out of the cavity of the caisson chamber to such an extent violates the balance of the buoyancy forces of the cage and the balancing effect of the positioning device, that the restoration of this balance occurs only when the cage is submerged to a depth inaccessible to storm waves.

 Such a cage device ensures its automatic self-flooding during a storm to a safe depth.

 In a specific embodiment of the proposed cage, a coffered chamber is attached to the cage frame with ropes. Along the perimeter of its lower edge, the central part of the lid of the network camera is fixed. The caisson chamber is equipped with a float, which gives it constant buoyancy, greater weight of the net chamber lid, and in the underwater position gives the lid the shape of a tent. Under the net camera, weights are suspended. In this case, the sum of the constant buoyancy forces of the caisson chamber (the buoyancy that the float chamber gives to the coffer) and the constant buoyancy of the cage frame (the buoyancy that the pontoons attach to the cage) is greater than the weight of the net chamber, and the sum of the full buoyancy forces of the caisson chamber (buoyancy, which consists of the constant buoyancy and the additional buoyancy that occurs when the chamber cavity is filled with air) and the constant buoyancy of the frame is less than the total weight of the net chamber and weights. Ballast chambers are able to give the frame additional buoyancy, which, in total with its constant buoyancy, is greater than the sum of the forces of the weight of the net chamber, the weight of the weights and the flooding effect of the positioning device.

 The proposed design provides fish access to the air in the cavity of the caisson chamber, ensures the reliability of the charge and ease of operation.

 Figure 1 shows the cage in underwater position; figure 2 caisson chamber cage; figure 3 illustration of the automatic immersion of the charge to a depth during a storm; figure 4 graphs of the dependence of the forces acting on the charge on the depth of its immersion.

 The cage in figure 1 contains a frame consisting of tubular pontoons of constant buoyancy 1 and ballast chambers 2. In the lower part, the ballast chambers have water inlet and outlet openings 3, and in the upper part of the fittings, to which a compressed air inlet and outlet hose is connected 4. A net camera is suspended from the frame 5. Under a net camera, weights 6 are suspended, which facilitate its stretching. A caisson chamber 6. is attached to the cage frame with ropes 7. A central part of the lid of the netting chamber is fixed along the perimeter of its lower edge 5. The caisson chamber is equipped with a constant buoyancy float 9 (Fig. 2). The end of the compressed air supply hose is fixed under the caisson chamber 10. The cage is equipped with a depth positioning device consisting of mooring cables 11, with floats 12 fixed to them, and anchors 13.

 Zadok works as follows. Tubular pontoons of constant buoyancy 1 together with air-filled ballast chambers 2 give the cage frame positive buoyancy, greater than the sum of the forces of the weight of the net chamber 5, the weight of the weights 6 and the flooding effect from the mooring cables 11 and floats 12 of the positioning device. In this case, the cage frame is located on the surface of the water. The caisson chamber 8 is located on the surface of the water due to its float of constant buoyancy 9.

 To install the charge to a depth of the ballast chambers 2, a part of the air is discharged through the hose 4. Through holes 3, water enters the ballast chambers, the total buoyancy of the frame decreases and the charge is submerged under water.

 The constant buoyancy of the caisson chamber 8, due to its float 9, is greater than the weight of the lid of the net chamber 5. Therefore, in the underwater position, the caisson chamber, trying to emerge, pulls the ropes 7 and gives the lid of the net camera the shape of a tent.

 As the charge sinks to a depth, compressed air is supplied through the hose 10 to create an air cushion in the cavity of the caisson chamber 6.

 When the cage reaches the desired depth, the air release from the ballast chambers 2 is stopped. In this case, the buoyancy force of the cage is balanced by the force acting on the side of the positioning device, and the cage is in a state of stable equilibrium at a given depth. The air supply into the cavity of the caisson chamber 8 is also stopped.

 In the case of a storm, as the storm waves increase, the cage under their influence begins to swing, this leads to the splashing of part of the air from the cavity of the caisson chamber 6 and the buoyancy of the cage decreases. In this case, the balance of the buoyancy forces of the charge and the balancing effect of the positioning device is violated, the charge sinks to a depth until this balance is restored. When the storm intensifies, the process repeats, and the cage again automatically plunges to a safe depth.

 In the case of a sink to the bottom of sinker 6, they play the role of a guide. The total buoyancy given to the cradle by its constant buoyancy pontoons 1 and the float chamber 9 of the caisson chamber 6 is greater than the weight of the net chamber 5, therefore, after the sinker 6 touches the bottom, further immersion of the net stops, which prevents damage to the net chamber on the ground.

The work of the cage with its automatic immersion to a safe depth during a storm is illustrated in figure 3 and figure 4. In Fig.z shows two positions of the cage I and II. The buoyancy force Fc of a cage under water is the sum of the buoyancy force of its frame equipped with a net camera and Fcar sinkers and the buoyancy force of the coffer chamber Fkes:
Fс Fcar + Fkes
The cage is in a state of stable equilibrium at a depth of H1. At the same time, its buoyancy Fc1 is balanced by the influence of the positioning device Fup1:
Fc1 Fup1 about
For this design of the positioning device, the force of its impact on the cage is determined by the following formula:
Fun n • Fп • сsВ,
where n is the number of floats of the positioning device;
Fп buoyancy force of one float;
Into the corner between sections L1 and L2 of the mooring cable.

 Figure 3 shows that the angle B varies with increasing depth of immersion of the charge, and the nature of this change depends on the parameters of the positioning device: the lengths of the sections L1 and L2 of the mooring cables and the distance D that determines the location of the anchors.

 Graphs of the dependence of the total force acting on the charge F Fc Fyn on the depth H are shown in Fig. 4. Curve 1 is constructed for a cage positioned at a depth of H1 (position 1 in FIG. 3). When the buoyancy of the caisson chamber decreases by ΔFkes due to the splashing of part of the air from its cavity during a storm, the curve mixes to the left by ΔFkes and occupies position II. The graph shows that curve II intersects the ordinate axis at point H2, i.e. the cage is in a position of stable equilibrium at a depth not greater than the depth H1 (position II in figure 3).

 Thus, the cage installed at a depth of H1, set, for example, based on the physiological optimum for the grown hydrobionts, with an appropriate choice of the volume of the cavity of the caisson chamber and the parameters of the positioning device (L1, L2, D) during a storm, automatically plunges to a depth of H2, which is set based on local hydrological conditions. YYY2

Claims (2)

 1. A cage for growing fish, crustaceans or mollusks, consisting of a frame equipped with pontoons of constant buoyancy and ballast chambers with openings respectively for the inlet and outlet of water and compressed air and regulation of the buoyancy of the cage, a net camera attached to the frame, and a device for positioning the cage in depth, characterized in that the cage is equipped with a wide open bottom caisson chamber filled with air and giving the cage additional buoyancy, while the size of the internal volume of the caisson the cameras and parameters of the positioning device are selected so that a decrease in the magnitude of the indicated additional buoyancy due to the effects of storm waves causing the tail to swing and air to splash out of the cavity of the caisson chamber disrupts the balance of buoyancy forces of the charge and the balancing effect of the positioning device, so that this balance is restored only when the cage is submerged to a depth inaccessible to storm waves.  2. The cage according to claim 1, characterized in that the caisson chamber is attached to the cage frame with ropes, the central part of the net chamber cover is fixed along the perimeter of its lower edge, the caisson chamber is equipped with a float giving it constant buoyancy, a large weight of the net chamber cover, and underwater position gives the lid a tent shape, weights are suspended under the net camera, the sum of the forces of constant buoyancy of the caisson chamber and the frame being greater than the weight of the net chamber, and the sum of the forces of full buoyancy of the caisson chamber and the constant buoyancy of the frame less than the total weight of the net camera with the lid and sinkers, the ballast chambers are designed to give the frame additional buoyancy, which, in total with its constant buoyancy, is greater than the sum of the forces of the weight of the net camera, the weight of the sinkers and the warming effect of the positioning device.

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