RU2057997C1 - Horizontal water-tube boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of boilers. SUBSTANCE: horizontal water-tube boiler has furnace chamber and convective chamber with horizontal heating surfaces with are separated by partitions; furnace chamber is provided with upper, lower, lateral and rear water screens connected respectively with upper, lower and left-hand lateral headers 3, 4 and 1 with diaphragms 12 mounted in them; ends of pipes of lateral screens are brought into convective chamber and are blanked off. Boiler is additionally provided with lateral manifold 2 which forms rectangular frame with upper, lower and left-hand lateral screens 3, 4 and 1; lateral headers 1 and 2, tubes of lateral screens and convective tubes are connected in series. EFFECT: enhanced reliability. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a power system and can be used in heating boilers.

Known water boiler Nadelyaeva, having radiation U-shaped panels with coverage around the perimeter of the combustion chamber, and in the lower part of the latter a return-afterburning device is installed, made in the form of a cylinder, wound with the upper edge in the area of the lower rows of pipes of radiation panels [1]
The disadvantages of this analogue are the inefficient use of the radiation surface of the furnace due to the installation of burners in the underflooding and the need to use refractory lining materials, significant material consumption.

 Known hot water boiler [2] containing a radiation chamber with burner devices and a convective chamber with heat exchange elements, the passage area of which along the gas decreases from the inlet to the outlet to reduce energy consumption by reducing aerodynamic drag.

 The disadvantages of this analogue are the inefficient use of the radiation surface of the furnace due to the installation of burners in the underflooding, insufficient screening of the furnace and the rotary chamber, the need to use refractory lining materials, and significant material consumption.

 The closest in technical essence to the invention is the selected as a prototype heating boiler [3] containing a furnace and rotary chambers with a screen located along their perimeter from horizontal pipes connected in parallel to the vertical collectors, forming an open loop, and a shielded convective shaft, and the shielding of the shaft performed by the continuation of the camera screen.

 The prototype and the invention have the following similar essential features: a combustion chamber with a screen of horizontal pipes, a shielded convective shaft due to the continuation of the screen pipes, multi-way circulation of water due to partitions in the collectors.

 The disadvantages of the prototype are low profitability, increased consumption of metal and lining materials, significant dimensions and weight.

 These drawbacks are due to the need to install burner devices in the flooding of refractory materials, while part of the furnace surface (heating) is not used for radiative heat transfer, because of this the surface and mass of the convection part increase. In addition, bent smooth pipes of the convective part have an underdeveloped surface and increased mass.

 The invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating economical, compact, simple and reliable heating boilers in operation.

 A horizontal water tube boiler contains four collectors with partitions, rigidly connected to a rectangular vertical frame. The upper and lower collectors are connected by a dense U-shaped package of pipes forming the upper, rear and lower firebox screens. Two lateral dense packs of horizontal screen tubes with the front ends are connected to the side collectors, and the rear ends of the tubes are elongated outside the furnace, muffled and connected to each other by a horizontal row of convective tubes of smaller diameter with pressed or wound ribs forming together a convective packet. In this case, collectors, screen tubes and convective tubes are interconnected in series, and the convective part has one or more gas-tight partitions.

 In relation to the prototype, the proposed boiler has the following distinctive features: lateral pipe tubes extended at the ends of the furnace are muffled and interconnected by horizontal rows of convective pipes, due to this, water is circulated sequentially through the side screen pipes and the corresponding rows of convective pipes, while lateral screen tubes in the elongated part serve not only as screens of the convective part, but are also collectors for convective pipes.

 Between the distinguishing features and the problem solved by the invention, there is the following causal relationship: the use of elongated screen tubes of the furnace at the same time as screens and collectors of the convective part of the boiler, as well as the use of collectors rigidly connected to each other in a rectangular support frame, their serial connection with screen and convection pipes allows you to create a new design of a water tube boiler, which differs from its analogues in compactness, reduced material consumption and cost-effectiveness tew.

 The set of essential features characterizing the essence of the invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for a specialist, which allows us to conclude that it meets the patentability condition "inventive step".

 The set of essential features characterizing the essence of the invention, in principle, can be reused in the power system, therefore, the invention meets the condition of patentability "industrial applicability".

 In FIG. 1 shows a boiler, longitudinal section; in FIG. 2, section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 section BB in FIG. 1.

 The boiler consists of left 1, right 2, upper 3 and lower 4 collectors, rigidly interconnected and forming a rectangular frame, and only left 1 and lower 4 collectors are hydraulically connected to each other. Partitions 12 are inserted inside the collectors to separate the fluid flow into the required number of strokes, in this case 7 strokes. The lower 4 and upper 3 collectors are spaced apart by U-shaped screen tubes 5, laid tightly to each other and forming the upper, rear and lower firebox screens. The left 1 and right 2 collectors are spaced apart by horizontal pipes 6 forming dense side panels of the furnace, and these pipes 6 are elongated and connected outside of the furnace by a series of convective pipes 7. Thus, in the elongated part, the side screen pipes are simultaneously collectors of the convective part 7 boiler. A package of convective pipes is separated from the furnace by a gas-tight partition 8. To increase the surface and the heat transfer coefficient, convective pipes are wound in steps and tightly fixed to a metal wire of rectangular or other cross-section.

 A burner or several burners are installed in a window inside a frame formed by collectors 1-4.

 The hot water boiler operates as follows.

 Flue gases through the pipes of the rear screen 5 diluted in the lower part of the furnace go from the furnace to the rotary chamber 15 and then to the convective part formed by the pipes 7, and by changing the number of pipes 7 and the distance between them, you can change the live section and heating surface and select optimal flue gas velocity for heat transfer.

 The heated fluid through the pipe 13 enters the left manifold 1 and passes through the horizontal tubes 6 of the side screens and convective tubes 7 into the right manifold 2, then in the same way through other rows of tubes 6 it returns to the right manifold, etc., makes four moves. At the same time, in the convective part, the liquid moves in groups of rows for four strokes from top to bottom, countercurrent to flue gases. From the left collector 1, the heated fluid passes to the lower manifold 4, then through the U-shaped screen tubes 5 to the upper manifold 3 and, after three moves, is discharged through the pipe 14 in the upper manifold 3.

Completion of "normative method" thermal calculation horizontal water tube boiler with a capacity of 1.16 MW water temperature of 95-70 ^{° C} by natural gas gave the following results:
93% efficiency
flue gas temperature 92 ^{° C;}
boiler weight 2100 kg.

 The first two boilers of this type manufactured and tested in the city of Perm correspond to the specified design characteristics.

Claims (1)

 HORIZONTAL WATER BOILER, comprising a furnace and convection chambers with horizontal heating surfaces, separated by a partition, the furnace chamber having upper, lower, side and rear screens connected respectively to the upper, lower and left side collectors, with diaphragms installed in them, the ends of the tubes of the side screens are brought into the convection chamber and are muffled, characterized in that it additionally contains the right side manifold, forming a rectangular frame with the upper, lower and left side collectors, while the side collectors, pipes of the side screens and convective pipes are connected in series.

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