RU2056685C1 - Method for production of oxygen with single spectral line for chemical laser with continuous operations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: lasers with continuous operations. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparation of alkali solution of hydrogen peroxide and chlorine gas, supply of compounds to generator of oxygen with single spectral line, purification of generated flow, supply of this flow to generation of laser light. Invention improves preparation of alkali solution of hydrogen peroxide for supply to generator of oxygen with single spectral line. This is done by electrolysis of alkali solution of hydrogen peroxide which is enriched by chloride of alkali metal. Electrolysis runs in bath with diaphragm and involves generation of oxygen at cathode. Cathode of electrolyzer is supplied with oxygen-containing gas, which is enriched with oxygen which is emitted from laser. Chlorine gas that is emitted at anode of electrolyzer is directed back to generator of oxygen with single spectral line. EFFECT: increased functional capabilities. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to quantum electronics, mainly to continuous chemical lasers, and can be used to create oxygen-iodine lasers for various purposes to produce singlet oxygen energy carrier of this type of laser.

 Currently known methods for producing singlet oxygen for a chemical oxygen-iodine continuous laser, including the preparation of an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide by mixing an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide (e.g. KOH) of a typical concentration of 1-3 mol / l with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide of a typical concentration 5-10 mol / l. preparation of gaseous chlorine by transferring it from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase, feeding the reagents obtained to the singlet oxygen generator and conducting a gas-liquid chlorination reaction in it, purifying the generated singlet oxygen stream from impurities and supplying it to the generation of laser radiation (see, for example, N. Basov et al. Theoretical analysis of chemical oxygen-iodine lasers. Proceedings of the Lebedev Physical Institute, 1986, v. 171, pp. 30-53; P. Avizonis (AFWL, USA); GCL Seventh international Symposium on Gas Flow Chemical Lasers. Vienna, August 22 -26, 1988).

 The known method for producing singlet oxygen, described in the proceedings of the Lebedev Physical Institute, 1986, v. 171, p. 30-53, selected as a prototype.

 A characteristic feature of these methods is the need for continuous replenishment of consumables and disposal of reaction products to ensure continuous operation of the oxygen-iodine laser. So, to generate radiation with a power of several kilowatts, which at the current level of knowledge corresponds to a mass flow rate of 0.3 mol / L singlet oxygen in a laser radiation generator, for 8 hours of continuous laser operation, the need for starting reactants is at least 612.6 kg chlorine, 969.6 kg of potassium hydroxide and 293.9 kg of hydrogen peroxide. At the same time, the water consumption for the preparation of aqueous solutions of alkali metal hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide of the required concentration is not less than 6623 kg. During this time, at least 276.5 kg of gaseous oxygen has been produced, and in an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide, at least 1288.3 kg of potassium chloride will accumulate and at least 311.3 kg of water will be added, which makes further use of this solution impossible. In addition, the initial reacting substances are quite aggressive substances, the storage and transportation of which, as well as the handling of which pose a serious danger to staff and the environment.

There is also a known technological scheme for producing a 5-10-normal aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide by electrolysis of a saturated solution of alkali metal chloride (for example, KCl) in a bath with a diaphragm according to the method of cathodic oxygen reduction, followed by precipitation of peroxide in an aqueous solution of calcium chloride CaCl ₂ : H ₂ O and the conversion of the precipitated calcium oxide CaO ₂ · 8H ₂ O using carbon monoxide CO ₂ into an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and calcium carbonate CaCO ₃ . Neutralization of the latter with hydrogen chloride allows the cyclic use of carbon monoxide and an aqueous solution of calcium chloride for the conversion and precipitation of peroxide, respectively. In this case, chlorine gas is obtained as a by-product at the anode of the electrolyzer (see, for example, Chemistry and technology of hydrogen peroxide. / Under the editorship of GA Seryshev. L. Chemistry, 1984, pp. 53-61).

As a method of preparing reagents for a gas-liquid chlorination reaction in a singlet oxygen generator, the known technological scheme has redundant processes for extracting an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide from an electrolyte, and produces only two of the three required reagents, namely, an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and gaseous chlorine. In addition, the process of neutralizing calcium carbonate CaCO ₃ requires constant replenishment of hydrogen chloride, i.e. saves the need for consumables with aggressive properties.

 When developing a method for producing singlet oxygen, the task was to create an environmentally friendly chemical continuous-wave laser with the aim of saving initial reactants and reducing the amount of waste substances.

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O

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или
HO $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{-}}{\text{2}}$ +H₂O

H₂O₂+OH^- (в щелочной среде), приготовление щелочного раствора пероксида водорода для подачи его в генератор синглетного кислорода ведут с помощью электролиза щелочного раствора пероксида водорода, обогащенного в результате газожидкостной реакции хлорирования хлоридом щелочного металла, в ванне с диафрагмой по методу катодного восстановления кислорода, при этом на катод электролизера подают кислородсодержащий газ, обогащенный кислородом, поступающим из генератора лазерного излучения, а выделяющийся на аноде электролизера газообразный хлор подают в генератор синглетного кислорода.The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the method of producing singlet oxygen, including the preparation of an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide and gaseous chlorine, feeding the resulting reagents to a singlet oxygen generator, conducting a gas-liquid chlorination reaction, cleaning the generated stream from impurities and feeding it to generate laser radiation, can be is mechanized in such a way that, based on the mechanism of producing singlet oxygen, which underlies the gas-liquid alkali chlorination reaction hydrogen peroxide solution, which can be represented by the equation
HO $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{-}}{\text{2}}$ + Cl ₂ __ → O ₂ (′ Δ) + Cl ^- + HCl and the mechanism for producing hydrogen peroxide in the electrolysis of a saturated aqueous solution of alkali metal chloride in a bath with a diaphragm by the method of cathodic oxygen reduction, which can be represented by the equations

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rede);
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HO $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{-}}{\text{2}}$ + H ₂ O

H ₂ O ₂ + OH ^- (in an alkaline medium), the preparation of an alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution for feeding it to a singlet oxygen generator is carried out by electrolysis of an alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution enriched as a result of a gas-liquid chlorination reaction of alkali metal chloride in a diaphragm bath according to the method cathodic oxygen reduction, while an oxygen-containing gas enriched with oxygen coming from a laser radiation generator is supplied to the cathode of the electrolyzer, and gaseous th chlorine is fed to a singlet oxygen generator.

 The implementation of the invention according to the proposed set of features allows you to process the products of the gas-liquid reaction of chlorination of an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide into the starting reagents, thus forming a closed system of movement of the reaction components, which saves the starting reactants and the ecological purity of a continuous chemical laser.

 A new result obtained by the proposed combination of features has not been achieved by any of the known methods identified in the analysis of the prior art.

 The method is illustrated by the basic motion scheme of the starting reagents of the gas-liquid chlorination reaction and its products in a continuous oxygen-iodine chemical laser, shown in the drawing.

 The oxygen-iodine laser contains a refueling device 1, an electrolyzer 2, a singlet oxygen generator 3, a chlorine dosing device 4, a water vapor separator 5, a laser radiation generator 6, an iodine separator 7.

 The method of producing singlet oxygen is implemented as follows.

 Through the refueling device 1, the required amount of distilled water is poured (in the steady state) into the electrolyte circulation system, which includes the electrolyzer 2 and the singlet oxygen generator 3, and the required amount of distilled water is filled (in the steady state) and the nozzle of the electrolyzer 2 is filled (in the steady state) replenished with a certain amount of fine crystalline alkali metal chloride . Using the pump of the singlet oxygen generator 3, distilled water begins to be pumped through the electrolyte circulation system, which in the heat exchanger of the singlet oxygen generator acquires the temperature set for the alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution, and then in the nozzle at the inlet of the electrolyzer 2 it is saturated with an appropriate amount of alkali metal chloride. After the solution reaches the desired degree of saturation, an electrolyzer 2 is supplied with electric voltage, and an oxygen-containing gas, for example atmospheric air or oxygen from a cylinder, is supplied to its cathode. After the electrolyzer 2 has reached a steady state operation, the chlorine dosing device 4 is turned on, and chlorine begins to flow into the singlet oxygen generator. They include a singlet oxygen supply system, which after cleaning in the separator 5 of water vapor, quenching on the iodine in the laser generator 6 and cleaning in the separator 7 of iodine, begins to flow to the cathode of the electrolyzer 2, enriching the oxygen-containing gas. Upon reaching the required level by the flow of singlet oxygen, the supply of gaseous iodine to the laser radiation generator, in which the laser radiation process occurs, is switched on.

 Using the proposed method for producing singlet oxygen, it will be possible to create a continuous oxygen-iodine chemical laser in an environmentally friendly design, which requires only electricity in the steady state, and alkali metal chloride and distilled water are additionally required for this mode.

Claims (1)

 A METHOD FOR PRODUCING SINGLET OXYGEN FOR A CONTINUOUS CHEMICAL LASER, including the preparation of an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide and gaseous chlorine, the supply of the obtained reagents to a singlet oxygen generator and the gas-liquid chlorination reaction in it, the purification of the generated singlet oxygen in a laser-water vapor separator and characterized in that the preparation of an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide is carried out by electrolysis of an alkaline solution of products ha ozhidkostnoy chlorination reaction enriched in alkali metal chloride in an electrolytic cell by the method of cathodic reduction of oxygen supplied from the laser oscillator, and eye-catching in an electrolytic chlorine generator is fed to singlet oxygen.

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