RU2056388C1 - Method of manufactur of building products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of brick. SUBSTANCE: inclusions are extracted from clay, crushed, dried, ground, separated into fractions: coarse fraction with a particle size of 2 to 5 mm, medium fraction - 0.5 to 1 mm, and fine fraction - smaller than 0.5 mm; then coarse fraction (50 to 40 mass percent of the total amount) or its mix with 10 to 50% of aggregate of its amount is fed to a planetary-type mixer, it is dampened at continuous agitation; 20 to 30 mass percent of medium fraction and 30 to 40 mass percent of fine fraction are successively fed, dampened to a total dampness up to 7 to 9; during agitation the mass is compacted at a pressure of 0.5 to 1.65 MPa, and one-sided compaction is accomplished at a pressure collected at drying is used as fine fraction, and 10 to 50% of coarse fraction is substituted for by aggregate. Drying is conducted to 5 to 10%, and agitation is accomplished at a relative speed of particles within 0 to 1.3 m/s. Characteristics of products: density - 1.82 to 1.86 g/qu.cm, strength - at least 20 MPa. EFFECT: facilitated procedure. 5 cl, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the production of building products, in particular the manufacture of clay bricks from semi-dry pressing.

A known method for the manufacture of bricks, including clay extraction, separation of foreign inclusions, coarse crushing, drying, grinding to a particle size of less than 5 mm, semi-dry pressing, drying and firing at temperatures of 900-1050 ^about [1]
Closest to the invention is a method of manufacturing bricks by semi-pressing, comprising separating inclusions from clay, crushing, drying, grinding in a crusher, rod mixer or disintegrator to grains less than 3 mm, followed by moistening and semi-pressing, drying and firing at temperatures of 900-1050 ^о C [2]
These methods are technologically complex and do not allow to create a waste-free production due to the use of small fractions of clay formed during grinding, and dust trapped during drying of clay. In addition, mixing in these methods does not make it possible to obtain a homogeneous mixture, uniform in composition, moreover, as a rule, highly flexible clay is used to make high-quality bricks.

 The aim of the invention is to simplify the technology, improving the quality of products by ensuring the homogeneity and homogeneity of the mixture, cheaper products.

 This goal is achieved due to the fact that in the method of manufacturing building products based on clay, including separation of inclusions, coarse crushing, drying, grinding, moistening, semi-dry pressing and firing, after drying and grinding, the clay is divided into fractions: coarse with a particle size of 1- 5 mm, average 0.5-1 mm and fine less than 0.5 mm, then a large fraction in the amount of 40-50 wt. of the total amount, or its mixture with 10-50% of the detergent of its amount, moisturize it and with continuous stirring 20-30 wt. middle fraction and 30-40 wt. fine fractions and moisturize them, bringing the total humidity to 7-9% during mixing, the resulting mass is compressed at a pressure of 0.5-1.65 MPa.

 In addition, dust captured during clay drying can be used as a fine fraction, and 10-50% of a large fraction can be replaced with a scrubber: quartz sand, slag, granite chips, product scrap. Clay can be dried to a moisture content of 5-10% and the mixture can be mixed at a relative particle velocity of 0-1.3 m / s in a planetary-type high-speed mixer, while one-sided semi-dry pressing at a pressure of 10-25 MPa for 3-4 from.

 For the implementation of the method can be used clay high, medium and low plasticity.

The chemical composition of clays is as follows, wt. SiO ₂ 45-80; Al ₂ O ₃ + TiO ₂ 8-28; Fe ₂ O ₃ 2-15; CaO 0.5-25; MgO 0-4; P ₂ O 0.3-5; p.p.p. 3-16.

 Quartz sand, granite chips, or marriage of fired brick, metallurgical slag, etc. are used as a purifier.

 The invention is illustrated by the examples below.

 For the experiments, clays according to GOST 26594-85 and river sand of 1.0-5.0 mm were used.

The initial clay raw material with an initial moisture content of 18-24%, preliminary grinding to a particle size of not more than 30 mm, separated from foreign inclusions, is fed to a drum-type installation for drying, where it is dried to 5-10% moisture. Dust generated during drying is captured. The temperature of the raw material at the outlet does not exceed 80 ^o C, the humidity is measured according to GOST 2642.1-86. The dried raw material is dispersed into fractions, a fraction of 5-1 mm is separated, and a fraction of more than 5 mm is continued to grind.

 40-50% of the 5-1 mm fraction is fed to the mixing; 20-30% fractions of 1-0.5 mm and 30-40% fractions of 0.5 mm, including dust trapped after drying the clay, in the indicated sequence of fractions. The size of the batch is 5 kg. The mixing is carried out in a planetary mixer and in the "runners", the first provides intensive high-speed mixing, and the second compression of the mass by pressure up to 1.65 MPa.

During mixing, wetting of the mass is carried out up to 7-9%
The prepared mass is compressed on a hydraulic press cubes 50h50h50 mm size and calcined at a temperature of ¹¹⁰⁰ C in a muffle furnace.

 On finished samples will determine the density according to GOST 2409-80 and strength according to GOST 4071-80.

 A dehumidifier (sand) is introduced at the mixing stage together with clay fractions of 5-1 mm.

 The parameters and modes of research for the method of manufacturing building products, as well as the characteristics of finished products are summarized in table.

 The mass obtained as a result of the proposed sequence of operations is homogeneous, homogenized and deaerated, the filling of the molds is uniform.

 Raw pressed with a semi-dry method eliminates the drying operation.

 Raw firing is carried out according to conventional technology, it is possible to use multi-row cages, since the raw strength is high.

 The technology is practically waste-free, since the captured dust generated during the drying of clay goes into the production of products.

 Significant energy savings are achieved by reducing the time for the entire process.

Claims (5)

 1. METHOD FOR PRODUCING CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS on the basis of clay, including separation of inclusions, coarse crushing, drying, grinding, moistening, semi-dry pressing and firing, characterized in that after drying and grinding clay is divided into fractions: coarse with a particle size of 1.0 - 5 , 0 mm, average 0.5 - 1 mm and fine less than 0.5 mm, then a large fraction is fed to the planetary type mixer in an amount of 40-50 wt.% Of the total amount or a mixture thereof with 10-50% of the purifier of its amount moisturize it and with continuous stirring 20 to 30 ma .% Medium fraction and 30 - 40 wt. % of the fine fraction and moisturize them, bringing the total humidity to 7 - 9%, during mixing, the resulting mass is compressed at a pressure of 0.5 - 1.65 MPA.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a fine fraction use dust captured during drying of clay.  3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the drying is carried out to a moisture content of 5 to 10%.  4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mixing is carried out at a relative particle velocity of 0-1.3 m / s.  5. The method according to PP.1 to 3, characterized in that they carry out unilateral pressing at a pressure of 10 to 25 MPa for 3 to 4 seconds.

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