RU2052439C1 - Method of ballast calcium humate preparing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: humine preparations. SUBSTANCE: method involves brown coal milling up to fraction preparing less 100 mcm, its treatment with 2-10% aqueous calcium hydroxide solution at constant stirring up to complete reaction of reagents interaction. Then milled limestone, glauconite sand and phosphorus-containing fertilizer were added to prepared mass and stirred for 30-60 min. Then plasticizer is added to prepared product, mixture is formed to granules which were kept at 35-45 C for 1-3 hr and dried. For coal treatment 4-5% aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide is recommended; 2-5% urea solution is used as plasticizer; phosphorites and/or double superphosphate and/or ammophos were used as phosphorus-containing fertilizer. Then method involves milling limestone, glauconite sand and phosphorus-containing fertilizer up to preparing fraction less 100 mcm. Granules were dried at 85-95 C. EFFECT: increased effectiveness of soil cross-linking agent. 6 cl

Description

 The invention relates to a technology for the production of humic preparations widely used in agriculture as organo-mineral fertilizers, soil improving agents, agricultural plant growth stimulants.

 Recently, coal-humic preparations have become increasingly important. Large reserves of various types of coal, including high-ash, can make up a good raw material base for the production of a wide range of various humic preparations for various purposes and for various purposes.

 A known method of producing humic soil reclamation by processing ground oxidized brown coal with a solution of nitric acid.

 (Auth. St. USSR N 1535878, class C 09 K 17/00, 1990).

 The disadvantages of the method include large losses of nitrogen during the processing of coal and the acidic nature of the products of oxidation of coal, which significantly limits the scope of the resulting reclamant. In addition, this product has low structure-forming properties.

 A known method of producing humic ameliorant of calcium humate, including processing the crushed brown coal with a NaOH solution, separating the ballast portion of the precipitate, treating the filtrate with a solution of sulfuric acid, separating the formed precipitate of humic acids by filtration, treating the humic acids with NaOH solution to obtain a sodium humate solution, adding chloride to the resulting solution calcium and separating the formed precipitate of calcium humate by filtration. (U.S. Patent No. 3,985,536, CL C 05 F 11/02, 1976).

 The resulting product is a ballast-free calcium humate highly effective artificial soil builder. However, this method, involving the allocation of pure salts of humic acids, is complex and energy-intensive. In addition, a significant part of the source of brown coal in this way is not disposed of and remains in the form of finely divided mineral sludge, which is mixed with coal waste from the processing plants and sent mainly to dumps.

 At the same time, the ballast (mineral) part of brown coal is also of practical interest, especially in combination with calcium humate. Coal contains elements such as phosphorus, sulfur, boron, copper, manganese, etc. in connection with which it can serve as a source of trace elements. In addition, it is known that the ballast part of the humic preparation also acts as an inert mechanical impurity that improves the water-physical properties of soils.

 A known method of producing ballast calcium humate, including grinding brown coal, treating it with calcium-containing reagent, quicklime (CaO) and water, keeping the mixture under stirring until completion of the interaction of the reactants and drying the resulting product.

 (Kulakov V. N. Humic fertilizers will save the Russian field. Tula, because of Peresvet, 1992, p. 35-40).

 This method, adopted as a prototype, is simple to implement, however, the resulting soil builder is not effective enough. The low quality of the drug is due to the conditions of interaction of the reagents, as well as the imbalance of the organic and mineral parts of the resulting product.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the soil builder.

This is achieved by the fact that the initial lignite is subjected to fine grinding to achieve particle sizes less than 100 μm, a 2-10% aqueous solution of Ca (OH) ₂ is used as a calcium-containing reagent, the milled coal is treated with constant stirring until the reaction of reactants is completed . It is preferable to use a 2-5% solution of Ca (OH) ₂ for processing coal. To the resulting mass add crushed limestone, glauconite sand (potassium-containing mineral) and phosphorus fertilizer. It is recommended to grind these additives to the same extent as brown coal, that is, to obtain a fraction with a particle size of less than 100 microns. As a phosphorus-containing fertilizer, it is possible to use phosphorite and / or double superphosphate and / or ammophos. Then the components continue to mix for 30-60 minutes At the end of mixing, a plasticizer is added to the resulting product, the mixture is formed into granules, kept at 35-45 ^о С for 1-3 hours and then dried at a temperature of 85-95 ^о С. It is desirable to use a 2-5% solution as a plasticizer urea.

 The method allows to obtain uglehuminovy preparation ballast calcium humate in a form convenient for storage, transportation and application to the soil, showing high efficiency as a builder, especially on heavy loamy soils. In addition, the introduction of this drug into the soil allows lowering the rate of application of mineral fertilizers for crops without reducing their effectiveness, since the soil fertilized by it more actively accumulates nutrients and spends them more evenly during the growing season. The drug promotes the formation of strong soil microaggregates and converts heavy loamy soils to well-structured, enriched with organic matter.

 PRI me R. Brown coal of the Moscow Region basin, containing 30-45% of organic matter, previously oxidized under mild conditions with atmospheric oxygen, was used as the feedstock for producing calcium ballast humate. Practically any coal can be used to prepare the soil builder, but in the case of a low degree of oxidation of organic substances, it is advisable to pre-oxidize such coal under mild conditions until at least 25% humic acids are formed in it.

The crushed coal fractions of less than 100 μm in an amount of 1000 kg are loaded into the mixer. Then, in the same portions with stirring serves 4-5% aqueous solution of Ca (OH) ₂ in an amount of 340 liters Processing with an alkaline solution is continued with stirring for 30-60 minutes.

 At the end of the reaction of the interaction of the reagents, limestone in an amount of 300 kg, glauconite sand in an amount of 100 kg and phosphorus-containing fertilizer are crushed to a particle size of less than 100 microns. As phosphorus-containing fertilizer add 150 kg of phosphorites or 40 kg of double superphosphate or 20 kg of ammophos. Then the components continue to mix for 30-60 minutes

In the resulting mass add as a plasticizer 3% urea solution in an amount of 300 liters The components are mixed for 30 minutes and sent to molding. The resulting granules provyalivayut holding at 35-45 ^{° C} for 2 hours and then dried at a temperature of 85-95 ^{° C} for 4 hours. Zatarivatsya finished product in different packagings.

The product obtained by the proposed method is irregular-shaped grains of dark brown to black color with a moisture content of not more than 25%. It contains not less than 10% calcium humate and not more than 13% free calcium hydroxide in terms of dry matter. The bulk density of the builder 850-950 kg / m ³ . The molecular weight of calcium humate is from 1000 to 100000, depending on the molecular weight and amount of hydrocarbon radicals.

Claims (6)

1. METHOD FOR PRODUCING BALLAST HUMATE OF CALCIUM by grinding brown coal, treating it with a calcium-containing reagent and drying, characterized in that the grinding of brown coal is carried out to achieve particle sizes of less than 100 μm, a 2-10% aqueous solution of Ca is used as a calcium-containing reagent ( OH) _2, ground coal processing them are under continuous stirring until complete reaction of the reactants, was added to the resulting mass izmelchennnye limestone, sand and glauconite phosphorus fertilizer and continue n remeshivanie for 30 - 60 minutes, then the resulting product was added a plasticizer, a mixture is formed into granules and the granules before drying is maintained at a temperature of 35 - 45 ^o C for 1 - 3 hours. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that for the processing of coal using a 4 - 5% aqueous solution of Ca (OH) ₂ .  3. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that as a plasticizer use a 2 - 5% solution of urea.  4. The method according to PP. 1 and 2 or 3, characterized in that as phosphorus-containing fertilizers use phosphorites and / or double superphosphate and / or ammophos.  5. The method according to PP. 1, 2 and 3 or 4, characterized in that the grinding of limestone, glauconite sand and phosphorus fertilizers is carried out to achieve particle sizes less than 100 microns. 6. The method according to PP. 1 - 4 or 5, characterized in that the drying of the granules is carried out at a temperature of 85 - 95 ^o C.