RU2051749C1 - Combined method for processing of gold-silver ores - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: concentration of useful minerals. SUBSTANCE: method involves transportation of gold-silver ores, their express-analysis by nuclear-physical methods based on linear correlation ties of Au with associated indicating elements As, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zu, averaging of ore quality, nuclear-physical sorting and separation of gold-silver ores. The rock-ore mass is separated into four grades of ores: concentrated products with an Au content over 4.0 g/t which are forwarded to the ore-concentrating mill for processing of Au by a traditional method, intermediate products PP-1 with an Au content of 0.75-4.0 g/t, intermediate products PP-2 with a content of 0.15-0.75 g/t, and final tailings with an Au content below 0.15 g/t which are discharged into a dump. The intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 are directed to heap bacterial-chemical leaching in summer only while in winter time they are separated and accumulated on sorting sites. In order to promote sensitivity and selectivity of nuclearphysical sorting and separation of contents (when Au: As: Cu ≅ 1.0 g/t: 0.1%: 0.3%) the separation criterion is the products of analytical parameters of As, Cu. For lower contents (when Au: As: C < 1.0 g/t: 0.1% 0.3%) the ore separation criterion is the products of analytical parameters of As, Cu, Pb, Sb. Information received from the RKS detectors by a microcomputer installed on the RKS and separators is used for determining the volume and content of Au and Ag and for automatic control of volume of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2, concentrated products, and final tailings. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 14 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to a technology for the processing and processing of gold-silver ores based on the use of nuclear-physical (radiometric) sorting and separation and heap bacterial-chemical leaching of gold-silver ores and can be used in the mining industry.

 A known method of heap bacterial-chemical leaching of gold and silver of poor ores. The capital and operating costs of this method are 20 and 40%, respectively, compared with the costs of the extraction of precious metals in the processing plant by traditional methods. The cost of processing gold-silver ores by bacterial-chemical leaching is 2.5-4 times lower than the cost of processing gold-silver ores by traditional methods.

 A known method of nuclear-physical sorting and piecewise separation of ores of non-ferrous and rare metals. To average the quality of ores in the process of nuclear-physical sorting and separation of ores using a known method based on the regulation of the boundary content. This method is adopted as a prototype. The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of sharing nuclear-physical sorting and separation and heap bacterial-chemical leaching of poor and off-balance gold-silver ores. The second disadvantage of this method is the inability to directly use nuclear-physical measurement methods to determine the content of gold-silver ores due to the very low contents of gold and silver.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the extraction of gold and silver from poor gold-silver ores and to involve in the processing of unused off-balance ores by sharing heap bacterial-chemical leaching in the process of nuclear-physical (radiometric) sorting and piecewise separation of silver-silver ores and to increase the sensitivity and efficiency of nuclear-physical separation silver ores by increasing the sensitivity and selectivity of separation.

 The goal is achieved by emitting the relationship of gold and silver with related indicator elements. It has been established that the most stable bonds of gold with quartz, sulfides of iron, arsenic, copper, lead, antimony and zinc for deposits of gold-quartz and gold-quartz-sulfide formations. For silver ores, the most stable silver bonds are established with lead, copper, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, and tin.

 Using stable correlations of gold and silver with indicator elements using the nuclear-physical sorting of separation, the ore-mass of gold-silver ores is divided into four grades: intermediate product of the first operation (PP-1), intermediate product of the second operation (PP-2) enriched products and tailings. An ore mass with a gold content of 0.75-4.0 g / t (or 0.75-3.0 g / t) is isolated into an intermediate product of the first operation (PP-1), nuclear-physical sorting is carried out on the basis of using gold indicator elements: arsenic and copper. An ore mass with a gold content of 0.15-0.75 g / t (including finely divided gold with a grain size of less than 5 microns) is isolated as an intermediate product PP-2.

 Nuclear-physical sorting and separation is carried out year-round. Enriched products of nuclear-physical separation after averaging the quality are sent to flotation and the subsequent traditional method of processing gold-silver ores. Intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 are sent to heap bacterial-chemical leaching, which is intended to be carried out only in the summer (seasonal method), and in winter, intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 are stored at the sorting site for bacterial processing -chemical leaching only in the summer.

(1)
При переработке продуктов сортировки и сепарации с пониженными содержаниями Au, Ag, As, Cu, Pb, Sb используют элементы-индикаторы мышьяка, меди, свинца, сурьмы или цинка. Руды с пониженными содержаниями, когда Au:As:Cu ≅ 1 г/т:0,1%0,3% Критерий разделения золото-серебряных руд описывается выражением
E

(2) где N_Аsi интенсивности характеристического рентгеновского излучения (ХРИ) мышьяка, зарегистрированные каждым детектором эстафетного сепаратора в энергетическом диапазоне 9,5-11,5 кэВ;
N_s1i, N_s3i интенсивности рассеянного излучения источников кадмий-109, зарегистрированные в энергетическом диапазоне 19,0-21,5 кэВ (мышьяк, свинец);
N_Cui интенсивности ХРИ меди, зарегистрированные в энергетическом диапазоне 7,8-9,2 кэВ;
N_s2i интенсивности рассеянного излучения источников плутоний-238, зарегистрированные в энергетическом диапазоне 13,6-16,8 кэВ;
N_Pbi интенсивности ХРИ свинца, зарегистрированные в энергетическом диапазоне 11,5-13,0 кэВ;
N_Sbi интенсивности ХРИ сурьмы, зарегистрированные в энергетическом диапазоне 25,5-27,0 кэВ;
N_s4i интенсивности рассеянного излучения источников америций-241, зарегистрированные в энергетическом диапазоне 55,2-59,0 кэВ;
n количество ядерно-физических детекторов эстафетного сепаратора.To increase the sensitivity and selectivity in the processing of separation products, relay separators are used. When processing products of sorting and separation with ordinary contents of Au, Ag, As, Cu, trace elements of arsenic and copper are used as ordinary ores, when Au: As: Cu ≥1 g / t: 0.1% 0.3% gold-silver separation criterion ore is described by the expression
E

(one)
When processing products of sorting and separation with low contents of Au, Ag, As, Cu, Pb, Sb, elements-indicators of arsenic, copper, lead, antimony or zinc are used. Ores with reduced contents when Au: As: Cu ≅ 1 g / t: 0.1% 0.3% The criterion for the separation of gold-silver ores is described by the expression
E

(2) where N _{Asi is the} intensity of the characteristic x-ray radiation (XRD) of arsenic recorded by each relay relay separator in the energy range of 9.5-11.5 keV;
N _s1i , N _{s3i the} intensity of the scattered radiation of cadmium-109 sources, recorded in the energy range of 19.0-21.5 keV (arsenic, lead);
N _Cui copper CRI intensities recorded in the energy range of 7.8–9.2 keV;
N _{s2i of the} intensity of the scattered radiation of plutonium-238 sources, recorded in the energy range of 13.6-16.8 keV;
N _{Pbi of} lead _CRI intensity recorded in the energy range of 11.5-13.0 keV;
N _Sbi antimony _CRI intensities recorded in the energy range of 25.5-27.0 keV;
N _{s4i of} the scattered radiation intensity of americium-241 sources, recorded in the energy range of 55.2-59.0 keV;
n the number of nuclear physical detectors of the relay separator.

 Thus, an increase in the sensitivity of ores with ordinary contents (when Au: As: Cu ≥1.0 g / t: 0.1% 0.3%) is realized by using the products of the analytical parameters of arsenic and copper elements, and an increase in the sensitivity and selectivity of ores with reduced contents (when Au: As: Cu≅1 g / t: 0.1% 0.3%) are realized by using the analytical parameters of elements of arsenic, copper, lead and antimony as the criterion for the separation of ores.

 At low linear correlation relationships of Au and Ag with indicator elements As, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn, correlation relationships should be estimated using the threshold correlation coefficient.

 When determining the linear correlation of the threshold correlation coefficient, the values of Au, As, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn contents in a narrow region of the boundary gold contents (0.8 g / t) and related elements As, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn are used.

(3) где Au_n пороговое (граничное) содержание золота в расчетах для ПП-1 и ПП-2 принято 0,8 г/т;
Аu_i содержание золота в отдельном образце или пробе;
η _n пороговое значение аналитического параметра, соответствующее граничному содержанию As, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn, относительно которых производится разделение кусков или порций;
η_i значение аналитического параметра соответствующего образца или пробы;
γ_i весовая доля куска или пробы из n образцов или проб.Calculations are performed by the expression:
r _n =

(3) where Au _{n is the} threshold (boundary) gold content in the calculations for PP-1 and PP-2, 0.8 g / t is assumed;
Au _{i is} the gold content in a single sample or sample;
η _{n the} threshold value of the analytical parameter corresponding to the boundary content of As, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn, relative to which the separation of pieces or portions;
η _{i is the} value of the analytical parameter of the corresponding sample or sample;
γ _{i is the} weight fraction of a piece or sample of n samples or samples.

 At low values of the linear correlation between Au and Ag with As, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn, their threshold correlation coefficient is significantly higher and allows one to obtain positive technological indicators for the isolation of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2.

 Since the cost of processing gold and silver ores by bacterial-chemical leaching is 2.5-4.0 times lower than the cost of processing gold and silver ores in the traditional way, it is economically feasible to increase the volume of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 in order to obtain a cheaper final product. However, in the conditions of northern and middle latitudes, and especially the conditions of the Far North, summer time is significantly reduced, which is most favorable for the vital activity of the main bacteria (at low temperatures, the activity of thionic bacteria T ferrooxikdans ceases). Accelerating the process of bacterial-chemical leaching by intensifying the activity of bacteria, feeding the solution under the bed of ores using polyvinyl chloride pipes, increasing the rate of supply of the bacterial solution and increasing the pressure when feeding the solution creates the conditions for increasing the volume of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2. Since the above factors are variable, it is advisable to regulate the volume of rock mass of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2, taking into account the increased efficiency of the economy and the real conditions of the northern and middle latitudes, as well as the conditions of the Far North, where gold-silver ores are processed ( Sukhoi Log, Pervenets, Radostnoye, Vysochaishy, Yuryevskoye, Khakanjinskoye and other deposits).

 The magnitude of the regulated volume of the ore mass and the weighted average gold and silver content of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2, taking into account the economy and conditions of the northern and middle latitudes, as well as the conditions of the Far North, are determined by the calculated average weighted gold and silver contents and the amount of ore in the total products enriched products and dump tailings of nuclear physical sorting and separation.

P_nn-1=

P_тп-

P_ох-

P_оп-

P_пп-2 (4)
γ_nn-1=100- γ_ox- γ_on- γ_nn-2 (5)
Q_nn-1=

Для промежуточных продуктов ПП-2 ядерно-физической сортировки и сепарации используют выражения

P_nn-2=

P_тп-

P_ох-

P_оп-

P_пп-1 (7)
γ_nn-2=100- γ_ox- γ_on- γ_nn-1 (8)
Q_nn-2=

(9)
где α_c.в.Au средневзвешенное содержание золота в суммарном товарном продукте;
∑ P_тп, ∑ P_пп-1, ∑ P_пп-2, ∑ P_оп, ∑ P_ох -суммарный вес горнорудной массы товарных продуктов, промежуточных продуктов ПП-1 и ПП-2 обогащенных продуктов и отвальных хвостов;
Q_охAu, Q_onAu, Q_nn-1Au, Q_nn-2Au средневзвешенное содержание золота в отвальных хвостах, обогащенных продуктах и промежуточных продуктах ПП-1 и ПП-2 сепарации и сортировки золотосеребряных руд;
γ_ох, γ_оn, γ_nn-1, γ_nn-2 выход отвальных хвостов, обогащенных продуктов и промежуточных продуктов ПП-1 и ПП-2 сепарации и сортировки золотосодержащих руд.For intermediate products PP-1 and nuclear-physical sorting and separation, the expressions

P _nn-1 =

P _tp -

P _oh -

P _op -

P _pp-2 (4)
γ _nn-1 = 100- γ _ox - γ _on - γ _nn-2 (5)
Q _nn-1 =

For the intermediate products of PP-2 nuclear-physical sorting and separation using the expression

P _nn-2 =

P _tp -

P _oh -

P _op -

P _pp-1 (7)
γ _nn-2 = 100- γ _ox - γ _on - γ _nn-1 (8)
Q _nn-2 =

(9)
where α _c.v. Au weighted average gold content in the total marketable product;
∑ P _tp , ∑ P _pp-1 , ∑ P _pp-2 , ∑ P _op , ∑ P _{oh — the} total weight of the ore mass of commercial products, intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 enriched products and tailings;
Q _oh Au, Q _on Au, Q _nn-1 Au, Q _nn-2 Au weighted average gold content in tailings, enriched products and intermediate products of PP-1 and PP-2 of separation and sorting of gold-silver ores;
γ _oh , γ _on , γ _nn-1 , γ _nn-2 yield of tailings, enriched products and intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 separation and sorting of gold-bearing ores.

P_оп=

P_тп-

P_ох-

P_пп-1-

(10)
γ_on=100- γ_ox- γ_nn-1- γ_nn-2 (11)
Q_оп=

(12)
Операции по регулированию долями горно-рудной массы и содержаний золота и серебра осуществляют при помощи микро-ЭВМ, установленных на рудоконтролирующих станциях (РКС) и сепараторах. Эти микро-ЭВМ собирают и обрабатывают всю полученную информацию.The value of the volume of ore mass and the weighted average content of gold and silver of enriched products, taking into account the economy and conditions of the northern and middle latitudes, as well as the conditions of the Far North, is determined by the calculated average weighted contents and the amount of rock mass in the total intermediate products and dump tailings of nuclear physical separation from the expressions

P _op =

P _tp -

P _oh -

P _pp-1 -

(ten)
γ _on = 100- γ _ox - γ _nn-1 - γ _nn-2 (11)
Q _op =

(12)
Operations to control the shares of the ore mass and the contents of gold and silver are carried out using micro-computers installed at ore-controlling stations (RKS) and separators. These micro-computers collect and process all the information received.

-Q_коAu

(13)
где Q_коAu оптимальное средневзвешенное содержание золота в обогащенном продукте для обогатительной фабрики (ОФ);
К постоянный коэффициент масштабирования;
α_с.в.Au, Q_охAu, Q_nn-1Au, Q_nn-2Au, Q_onAu средневзвешенное содержание золота в суммарном товарном продукте, отвальных хвостах, промежуточных продуктах ПП-1 и ПП-2 и обогащенных продуктов сепарации и сортировки золотосеребряных руд;
γ_ох, γ_nn-1, γ_nn-2, γ_on выход отвальных хвостов, промежуточных продуктов ПП-1 и ПП-2 и обогащенных продуктов ядерно-физической сепарации и сортировки золото-серебряных руд;
Δ Q_onAu, Δ A_oxAu величины изменений граничных содержаний процессов сепарации и сортировки золота, определенные по обогащенным продуктам и отвальным хвостам сортировки и сепарации золотосеребряных руд;
Увеличение величины граничного содержания золота осуществляют автоматически до момента, когда
Q_опAu

Q_коAu в пределах ± 2-5 (14)
По рассчитанным содержаниям золота в порциях отвальных хвостов сепарации и сортировки и количеству горнорудной массы определяют величину граничного содержания из выражения;

(15)
где Q_хоAu оптимальное средневзвешенное содержание золота в отвальных хвостах для обогатительной фабрики (ОФ).The magnitude of the change in the boundary content of nuclear-physical separation is determined by the calculated contents of gold and silver in portions of enriched separation and sorting products and the amount of ore from the expression
ΔQ _op Au = K

-Q _to Au

(thirteen)
where Q _to Au is the optimal weighted average gold content in the enriched product for the beneficiation plant (PF);
K constant scaling factor;
α _s.v. Au, Q _oh Au, Q _nn-1 Au, Q _nn-2 Au, Q _on Au weighted average gold content in the total marketable product, tailings, intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 and enriched products for the separation and sorting of gold-silver ores;
γ _oh , γ _nn-1 , γ _nn-2 , γ _on output of tailings, intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 and enriched products of nuclear physical separation and sorting of gold-silver ores;
Δ Q _on Au, Δ A _ox Au the magnitude of changes in the boundary contents of the processes of separation and sorting of gold, determined by the enriched products and dump tailings of the sorting and separation of gold-silver ores;
The increase in the boundary gold content is carried out automatically until the moment when
Q _op Au

Q _to Au within ± 2-5 (14)
Based on the calculated gold contents in the portions of the waste tailings of separation and sorting and the amount of ore mass, the boundary content value is determined from the expression;

(fifteen)
where Q _Ho Au is the optimal weighted average gold grade in the tailings for the beneficiation plant.

Q_хоAu в пределах ± 2-5 (16)
Критерии выбора величины изменения граничного содержания определяют по выражению

Q_коAu (17)
при условии

Q_хоAu

0 (18)
где Q_коAu оптимальное средневзвешенное содержание золота в обогащенном продукте обогатительной фабрики (ОФ);
Q_хоAu оптимальное средневзвешенное содержание золота в отвальных хвостах обогатительной фабрики (ОФ).The reduction of the boundary gold content is carried out automatically until the moment when
Q _oh Au

Q _ho Au within ± 2-5 (16)
The selection criteria for the change in the boundary content is determined by the expression

Q _Ko Au (17)
given that

Q _ho au

0 (18)
where Q _ko Au is the optimal weighted average gold content in the enriched product of the processing plant (PF);
Q _ho Au is the optimal weighted average gold grade in the tailings of the processing plant (PF).

 In order to reduce gold losses, the portions are recycled to the input of the separator if the gold content in the portions of the tailings exceeds the gold content in the tailings, the RP, the recirculated portion of the ore are re-separated when the boundary gold contents of the separator are reduced by Δ QAu.

(19)
где Q_охАu, Q_onAu, Q_nn-1Au, Q_nn-2Au средневзвешенные содержание золота в отвальных хвостах, обогащенных продуктах и промежуточных продуктах ПП-1 и ПП-2 сепарации и сортировки золотосеребряных руд;
γ_ох, γ_on, γ_nn-1, γ_nn-2 выход отвальных хвостов, обогащенных продуктов и промежуточных продуктов ПП-1 и ПП-2 сепарации и сортировки.The value of the current weighted average gold content in the tailings of nuclear physical separation and sorting is determined by the calculated gold contents in the total products, enriched products and intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 from the expression:
Q _oh Au

(19)
where Q _oh Au, Q _on Au, Q _nn-1 Au, Q _nn-2 Au are the weighted average gold content in the tailings, enriched products and intermediate products of PP-1 and PP-2 of separation and sorting of gold-silver ores;
γ _oh , γ _on , γ _nn-1 , γ _nn-2 yield of tailings, enriched products and intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 separation and sorting.

 Expressions 1-19 are used to determine the content of both gold and silver in pieces and portions of ore, to determine the volume and content of the ore mass of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2, enriched products and tailings, and control the boundary content of separation and sorting processes both in the processing of gold and silver.

A comparative analysis of the claimed technical solution with the prototype shows that the inventive method differs from the known prototype by the introduction of a number of new operations, namely:
in the present invention, operations are introduced using nuclear-physical sorting and separation of the separation of the ore mass of gold-silver ores into four grades: enriched products that are sent for processing in the traditional way, intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2, which are sent to heap bacterial-chemical leaching and tailings, which are sent to the dump;
additionally, an operation was introduced to process the volume of ore mass of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 using heap bacterial-chemical leaching of gold-silver ores in northern and middle latitudes, as well as in the Far North only in the summer (seasonal method) and in winter intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 are accumulated at the sorting site for its processing only in the summer;
additionally, an operation was introduced to process intermediate PP-2 products represented by poor off-balance gold-silver ores with a gold content of 0.15-0.75 g / t (including finely divided gold with a grain size of less than 5 microns) using heap bacterial-chemical leaching with high intensification of activity bacteria that process very poor off-balance gold-silver ores in the summer (3-4 months) and increase the amount of extracted gold and silver due to the involvement of off-balance ores in 1.5-2.3 times a (field Dry Valley, Pervenets, joyful, Top, Khakanjinskoye, Yurievskoye et al.);
additionally, an operation was introduced to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of nuclear physical separation during the processing of sorting and separation products with ordinary contents of Au, Ag, As, Cu, by using the product of analytical parameters of arsenic and copper elements as an ore separation criterion; determination of the ordinary contents of gold and silver by RKS detectors during large-scale sorting or averaging of the quality of ores is also carried out using an additional operation using the products of the analytical parameters of the elements of arsenic and copper;
additionally, an operation was introduced to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of nuclear-physical separation during the processing of sorting and separation products with low contents of Au, Ag, As, Cu, Pb, Sb by using the products of the analytical parameters of elements of arsenic, copper, lead, antimony as a criterion for the separation of ores; determination of reduced gold and silver contents by RKS detectors during large-scale sorting or averaging of ore quality, this was carried out using an additional operation using the products of the analytical parameters of elements of arsenic, copper, lead, antimony;
additionally, an operation was introduced to determine the level of correlation bonds of Au and Ag with elements As, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn by using the threshold (boundary) correlation coefficient of these elements;
additionally, operations were introduced to accelerate the process of heap bacterial-chemical leaching and to extend the leaching season by feeding the solution under the bed of ore, for which a system of polyvinyl chloride pipes is laid, accelerating the rate of supply of the bacterial solution into the perforated pipes, increasing the pressure when the solution is created by feeding pumps to intensify the activity of thionic bacteria;
additionally, operations have been introduced to regulate the volume and weighted average gold grade of the mining mass of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 and enriched products to reduce the volumes of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 in difficult conditions of northern and middle latitudes or increase their volumes in more favorable conditions ;
using the information received from the RKS detectors using micro-computers installed on the RKS detectors and separators, they automatically control the fractions of the ore mass of enriched products, intermediate products and tailings, automatically control the contents of sorting and separation and recycling portions of ore tailings ore by boundary contents to the separator inlet when the gold content in the separation tailings exceeds the gold content in the tailings Abric;
Thus, the claimed technical solution is new and has an inventive step.

 Comparison of the claimed technical solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in the field of radiometric beneficiation and heap bacterial-chemical leaching of silver gold ores did not allow to reveal in them a sign of the stated technical solution.

 The combined use of heap bacterial-chemical leaching of silver-silver ores in the process of sorting and separation of ores for conditions of northern and middle latitudes, as well as for the conditions of the Far North, an additional operation of dividing the ore into four types of ores, intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2, enriched products and tailings, additional operations to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of nuclear-physical sorting and separation through the use of indicator elements of arsenic and copper for a number of ores and through the use of indicator elements of arsenic, copper, lead and antimony for ores with low contents of As, Cu, Pb, Sb, the implementation of heap bacterial-chemical leaching of gold-silver ores in northern and middle latitudes only in the summer, with year-round the work of nuclear physical sorting and separation, additional operations to control the volume of ore mass of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2, and additional operations to determine the content of gold-silver ores in the products of sorting and separation uu are new signs for the prototype, and other prior art, which allows to conclude that the alleged invention, the criterion of "substantial differences".

 The drawing shows a flow diagram of a combined enrichment and bacterial method of processing gold and silver ores for conditions of northern and middle latitudes.

 The initial gold-silver ore with a grain size of less than 500 mm (-500) 1 is screened 2 in order to isolate a fraction of the ore mass larger than 300 mm (+300), the ores of +300 m are crushed 3 and sent to large-sized nuclear-physical sorting of trolleys 4. To increase the sensitivity of large-sized sorting, the determination of elevated Au, Ag, As, Cu contents in portions of gold-silver ores is realized by using the products of the analytical parameters of arsenic and copper for the initial ore and intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2, and for reduced contents, Au, Ag, As, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn by using the products of the analytical parameters of x-ray radiometric measurements of the elements As, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn. Using an ore control station (RCC) 5, coarse grading separates the ore into five grades: rich ore 6, ordinary ore 7, poor ore 8 (7 + 8 intermediate product PP-1), off-balance ore (intermediate product PP-2), 9 and tailings 10. Rich gold-silver ore with a gold content of more than 5-6 g / t and higher without batch nuclear-physical separation is sent to the ore quality averaging unit 11. Ordinary gold-silver ore is sent to batch separation. To increase the sensitivity and selectivity of the separation of ores with ordinary contents of Au, Ag, As, Cu in portions of gold-silver ores, the products of the analytical parameters of elements of arsenic and copper are used as a criterion for the separation of ores, and for low contents of Au, Ag, As, Cu, Pb, Sb as a criterion for the separation of ores, the products of the analytical parameters of the elements Au, Ag, As, Cu, Pb, Sb are used. Ordinary gold-silver ore after screening 12 and crushing +150 mm 13, washing 14 and removing with drying and thickening the slag 15, is sent to screening 16 with separation of size classes -200 + 80-17, size -80 + 50-18, size -50 + 30-19 and lump x-ray radiometric separation of particle size class -200 + 80-20, particle size -80 + 50-21, particle size -50 + 30-22 with separation of separation products into dump tailings 23 and concentrate 24. Spill tailings of launch separation , after averaging the quality of the ores 25, they are sent to the separation dump 26, and the concentrate to the averaging unit ores 11. Rich ore and lump separation concentrate undergo an operation to average the quality of ores 11, and the products are sent to the hopper of the total enriched product 27, from where they are sent to flotation 28 with the subsequent traditional method of processing silver and silver ores 29.

 Poor and off-balance gold-silver ores are separated into intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 and sent to heap bacterial-chemical leaching units 30 and 47. An intermediate product of poor ores PP-1, quartz-pyrite composition in the absence of finely divided gold, and the clay component is not exceeds 6-10% with a gold content of 0.75-4.0 g / t sent to block 30. An intermediate product of off-balance ores PP-2 of carbonate and sand-clay composition containing fine gold, the fineness of which does not exceed 5 microns with a gold content 0.1 5-0.75 g / t, sent to block 46. The ores of the intermediate product PP-1 are crushed only to -38 mm. The ores of the intermediate PP-2 are agglomerated with cement.

 The drawing shows a flow chart 30 of heap leaching of the intermediate product PP-1, which consists of the following components: screen 31, crushers 32, 34, conveyor 33, cement dispenser 35, sprinkler 36, crushed agglomerated ore 37, heap 38, a container for leach solution 39, pond 40, sorption columns 41, desorption columns 42, filter 43, electrolyzer 44, cathode drying oven 45, Dore 46 furnace.

After screening 31, crushing 32 and transportation 33, the ore enters the heap 38, the base of the heap is a layer of compacted clay with a thickness of 0.6 m and a sand layer of 0.05 m, on which a film of super-dense polyethylene protected by a textile material is laid. Irrigation with a cyanide solution at pH 10.5 is carried out through a sprinkler 36, the consumption of cyanide 0.23 kg / t of ore. The irrigation rate of 0.27 m ³ / m ² min and 0.12 m ³ / m ² min, respectively, for silicate and clay ores. The gold-containing solution is sent to six activated carbon columns 41. Gold desorption is carried out in an autoclave 42 with a hot solution of cyanide and sodium hydroxide. Gold from the solution is precipitated with zinc dust in the electrolytic cell 44, the resulting precipitates are melted in a Dore 46 furnace.

The drawing shows a flow chart 47 of a heap of bacterial and chemical leaching of the intermediate product PP-2, which consists of the following components: screen 48, crusher 49, conveyor 50, protein-containing products or products of bacterial metabolism 51, protein hydrolyzers (NaOH) 52, leaching solutions with KMnO ₄ 53, heap leaching 54, hydrochloric acid solutions 55, drying biomass with heat treatment at a temperature of 200-300 ^о С 56, filtering and washing 57, metal-containing biomass 58, drying of biomass at temperature 1 00-150 ^о С 59, reduction melting at a temperature of 1000-1100 ^о С 60, gold-silver alloy 61.

Flowchart 47 is a promising process for processing poor raw materials with finely disseminated gold. When organizing heap microbiological leaching of gold from such raw materials, protein hydrolysers 52 are used, obtained by alkaline treatment of protein-containing products or bacteria metabolic products 51, obtained from molasses mineral solution. Precipitation of gold from the solution is carried out by mold cultures. The biomass used for the precipitation of gold mushrooms consists mainly of amino acids and proteins, i.e. nitrogen-containing compounds, moreover, proteins are 97% soluble in alkaline solutions 52. The most active in the deposition of gold from hydrochloric acid solutions 55 are protamines and globulins. The sedimentary activity of biomass increases when they are heat-treated at a temperature of 200-300 ^о С 56. Mold fungi are not inferior to activated carbons in sorption capacity, and 10-12 times surpass coal in their ability to absorb callloid gold and are not inferior to ion-exchange resins. Gold and silver after precipitation by biomass can be extracted from it by acid dissolution or reduction smelting 60. For rich in precious metals content, leaching with aqua regia is effective, and for poor products smelting at a temperature of 1000-1100 ^о С for 1.5 hours in the presence of fluxes (borax, soda, fluorspar) and a reducing agent (charcoal). To increase the intensification of the activity of bacteria, the mutagenic factor ethyleneimine and ultraviolet radiation are used.

 PRI me R. Consider the possibility of a combined enrichment-bacterial method in the process of nuclear-physical sorting and separation of gold-silver ores of the Azatek deposit.

 To assess the possibility of using a combined enrichment-bacterial method for processing gold and silver ores in the Azatek deposit, it is necessary to study the correlation between the main and associated indicator elements and the natural properties of the x-ray radiometric concentration of gold and silver ores.

 For the Right-Bank section (rt N 1, rt N 3) of the Azatek deposit for gold-silver ores linear correlation coefficients between the main and associated elements: Au-Ag. Au-Cu, Au-As, Au-Sb, Au-Zn are respectively equal to 0.691; 0.646; 0.81; 0.782; 0.672, and the average contents of the main and associated elements Au, Ag, Cu, As, Sb, Zn are 2.26 g / t; 13.88 g / t; 0.911% 0.53% 0.83% 0.096%; the degree of correlation for these bonds ranges from 3.0 to 17.6. The linear correlation between the main and associated elements Ag-Pb, Ag-Cu, Ag-Sb, Ag-Zn, respectively, equal to 0.785; 0.751; 0.666; 0.714; the degree of correlation for these bonds ranges from 2.96 to 13.53.

 For the Left Bank section (rt N 2) of the Azatek deposit, linear correlation between the main and related elements of Au-Ag, Au-Cu, Au-Sb, Au-Pb, respectively, is 0.604; 0.649; 0.602; 0.669 and the average contents of the main and associated elements of Au, Ag, Cu, Sb, Pb are 1.066 g / t, 34.69 g / t; 0.047% 0.360% degree of correlation for these bonds ranges from 2.40 to 2.58. The linear correlation between the main and associated elements of Ag-Pb, Ag-Cu, Ag-Sb, Ag-Zn, respectively, is 0.666; 0.770; 0.650; 0.720; and the average contents of the main and associated elements of Ag, Pb, Cu, Sb, Zn, are 111.232 g / t; 0.209% 0.095% 0.410% 0.207% the degree of correlation for these bonds ranges from 2.92-20.4.

 The averaged contrast indicators and technological indicators of x-ray radiometric piecewise separation and sorting of gold-silver ores of the Pravoberezhny and Levoberezhny sections of the Azatek deposit are given in the table.

It was established that during piecewise separation (200/30 mm), the silver-gold ores of the right-bank area of the Azatek deposit are of the technological type of high-contrast ores with a contrast ratio (P _max ) of 1.477, a practical yield of tailings of 33.9%, an optimal concentration factor (B-3) -2.02. Ores of the Left-Bank section of the Azatek deposit also belong to the technological type of high-contrast ores with a contrast ratio (P _max ) of 1.397, a practical yield of tailings of 30.7%, an optimal enrichment factor (B-3) of -1.85.

X-ray radiometric beneficiation based on piecewise separation and coarse grading allows to increase the gold content in commodity ore by 1.93 times, which ensures an increase in the average gold content of industrial ores of reserves categories C ₁ + C ₂ in commodity ore from 3.358 g / t to 6.48 g / t On the basis of fine-graded sorting (portions of 10–20 kg), the gold content in salable ore increases by 1.69 times, which ensures an increase in the average gold content of industrial categories of C ₁ + C ₂ reserves in salable ore from 3.358 g / t to 5.67 g / t

The use of the ore mass of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 can increase the gold reserves of industrial categories C ₁ + C ₂ 1.13 times relative to the approved reserves of the State Reserves Committee, silver reserves can be increased 1.163 times, antimony reserves respectively 1.311 times, lead reserves respectively 1.52 times, copper reserves respectively 1.141 times relative to the approved reserves of the State Reserves Committee. The absolute increase in gold reserves due to off-balance ores will amount to 2375.94 g, silver reserves 22550.9 g, antimony reserves 3511.08 tons, lead reserves 3885.27 tons, copper reserves 871.07 tons.

 X-ray radiometric beneficiation based on piecewise separation and coarse grading allows to involve in the processing an additional amount of ore, which contains gold, silver, antimony, lead, copper, which can be successfully extracted using bacterial-chemical leaching of ores, which gives a significant economic effect, since capital and operating costs are 20 and 40% compared with the costs of the extraction of precious metals by traditional methods.

 Thus, it was established that the gold-silver ores of the Azatek deposit belong to the technological type of high-contrast and highly-contrast ores with a coefficient of nuclear-physical concentration of ores equal to 1.69-1.93. This makes it possible to significantly improve the quality of salable gold-silver ores and to further involve significant volumes of gold-silver ores in the development, followed by bacterial-chemical leaching of these ores.

 The positive economic effect of the proposed technical solution is due to the fact that the cost of heap bacteriochemical leaching of gold-silver ores is 2.5-4 times lower than the cost of processing gold-silver ores in the traditional way. The greater the volume of ore mass of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 in the conditions of northern and middle latitudes, and especially in the Far North, is processed according to the proposed technological scheme (Fig. 1), the greater the economic effect. The positive effect of the proposed technical solution is also due to the possibility of involving in the processing of reserves of poor and off-balance ores.

 Processing of poor and off-balance ores of the Sukhoi Log gold deposit will significantly improve the ecological environment, since the off-balance ores will not be stored but will be processed.

 Thus, the present invention is industrially applicable.

 The possibility of developing several gold ore deposits in Russia is currently under active discussion; Sukhoi Log, Firstborn, Joyful, Highest, Khakanja, Yurievsky; Kazakhstan: Bakurchik; Turkmenistan: Turakhir, Balkan. It is advisable to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of introducing a combined enrichment-bacterial method for processing gold-silver ores at all deposits being prepared for development.

Claims (13)

 1. COMBINED METHOD FOR PROCESSING GOLD-SILVER ORES, including transportation of ores, their express analysis by nuclear-physical (radiometric) methods of ore portions, averaging of ore quality, nuclear-physical sorting and piecewise separation, characterized in that, in order to increase the extraction of gold and silver from the mined rock mass of squalid gold-silver ores and the involvement of unused off-balance ores in the processing, using the nuclear-physical sorting and separation, the mining mass of gold-silver ores is divided into Product ores are ore-enriched products with an Au content of more than 4.0 g / t, which are sent to an enrichment plant to extract Au and Ag in the traditional way, intermediate products PP-1 with an Au content of 0.75 - 4.0 or 0.75 - 3.0 g / t, intermediate products PP-2 with an Au content of 0.15 - 0.75 g / t and tailings with Au content less than 0.15 g / t, which are sent to the dump, intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 is sent to heap bacterial-chemical leaching only in the summer, the content of Au and Ag in the products of large-sized sorting and piecewise separation The ratios are determined by using linear correlation bonds of Au and Ag with associated indicator elements As, Cu, Pb, Sb, while the contents of these elements are determined using nuclear physical detectors when isolating products of large-scale sorting and separation with ordinary contents (when Au: As: Cu ≥ 1.0 g / t: 0.1%: 0.3%) to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of nuclear-physical sorting and separation, the products of the analytical parameters of arsenic and copper are used as a criterion for the separation of ores. For sorting and separation of low contents (when Au: As: Cu ≅ 1.0 g / t: 0.1%: 0.3%), the products of the analytical parameters of arsenic, copper, lead and antimony are used as a criterion for the separation of ores; intensification of the activity of bacteria and regulate the volumes of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 using a microcomputer, while if the gold content in the portions of the tailings of the separation is higher than the optimal gold content of the tailings of the processing plant, then the portions of the tailings return to the feed input oh ore separator and determine the content of gold in the dump after separation tails returns portions, the received information is used to control processes.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the intermediate products of PP-1 and PP-2 of nuclear-physical sorting and separation of gold-silver ores in the winter for the conditions of northern and middle latitudes accumulate at the sorting site.  3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when heap bacterial-chemical leaching of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 is used to increase the intensification of the activity of bacteria, the most active strain of macroorganisms is ethyleneimine and ultraviolet radiation. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the increased sensitivity and selectivity of nuclear physical separation during the processing of sorting and separation products with ordinary contents of Au, Ag, As, Cu (when Au: As: Cu ≥ 1.0 g / t : 0.1%: 0.3%) is realized by using as a criterion for the separation of ores the product of the analytical parameters of the elements of arsenic and copper, while the criterion for the separation ξ of gold-silver ores is determined by the expression

Where

- the intensity of the characteristic x-ray radiation (XRD) of arsenic recorded by each relay relay separator in the energy range of 9.5 - 11.5 keV;

- intensities of the scattered radiation of cadmium-109 sources recorded in the energy range of 19.0 - 21.5 keV;

- CRI intensities of copper recorded in the energy range of 7.8 - 9.2 keV;

- the intensities of the scattered radiation of plutonium-238 sources recorded in the energy range of 13.6 - 16.8 meV. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the increased sensitivity and selectivity of nuclear physical separation during the processing of sorting and separation products with low contents of Au, Ag, As, Cu, Pb, Sb (when Au: As: Cu ≅ 1, 0 g / t; 0.1%: 0.3%), implemented by using as a criterion for the separation of ores the product of the analytical parameters of elements of arsenic, copper, lead and antimony, while the criterion for the separation ξ of gold-silver ores is determined by the expression:

Where

- lead CRI intensities recorded in the energy range of 11.5 - 13.0 keV;

- intensities of the scattered radiation of cadmium-109 sources recorded in the energy range of 19.0 - 21.5 meV;

- intensities of CRI of antimony recorded in the energy range of 26.5 - 27.0 keV;

- the intensities of the scattered radiation of americium-241 sources, recorded in the energy range of 55.2 - 59.0 keV.  6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that for extending the heap season of bacterial and chemical leaching of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 for conditions of northern and middle latitudes, a solution is supplied under the ore bed, for which a PVC system is laid realize the acceleration of the feed rate of the bacterial solution into the perforated pipes, and also implement the intensification of the activity of thionic bacteria.  7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that, using nuclear-physical sorting methods, the operation of regulating the volume and weighted average gold content of the ore mass of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 and enriched products (OP) by changing the boundary gold contents at sorting and separation in difficult conditions of northern and middle latitudes, and especially in the Far North. 8. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the value of the regulated volume of the ore mass and the weighted average gold content of intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2, taking into account the economy and conditions of northern and middle latitudes, are estimated by determining the gold content and the amount of ore in total commercial products, enriched products and tailings from the expressions:
for intermediate products PP-1 of nuclear physical separation and sorting
γ _PP-1 = 100-γ _oh -γ _op -γ _PP-2 ;

for intermediate products PP-2 nuclear-physical separation and sorting
γ _PP-2 = 100 -γ _oh -γ _op -γ _PP-1 ;

Where

- weighted average gold content in the total marketable product;
γ _oh , γ _op , γ _PP-1 , γ _PP-2 - yield of tailings, enriched products and intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 of separation and sorting of gold-silver ores;

- weighted average gold content in tailings, enriched products and intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 separation and sorting of gold-silver ores.  9. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the allocation of intermediate products of PP-2 with gold contents of 0.15 - 0.75 g / t is regulated according to large-sized nuclear-physical sorting, taking into account information about the contents of silver, arsenic, copper, lead, antimony, zinc to ensure the maximum mining volume of the ore with the contents of the accompanying elements Ag, As, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn for their subsequent processing by the heap bacterial-chemical method. 10. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the value of the regulated volume of the ore mass and the weighted average gold content of the enriched product, taking into account the economy and the conditions of the northern and middle latitudes, is estimated by determining the gold content and the volume of the ore in total marketable products, intermediate products PP- 1 and PP-2 and tailings (OX) from the expressions
γ _op = 100-γ _oh -γ _PP-1 -γ _PP-2 ;

11. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that with the help of microcomputers installed on the RCS and separators in the conditions of northern and middle latitudes, as well as in the Far North, operations are carried out to control the fractions of the ore mass of enriched products, intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 and tailings.  12. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the boundary content of the separation and sorting process is regulated in the direction of decreasing when the gold content in the enriched product is higher than the optimal gold content for the processing plant, and when the gold content in the enriched product is less than the optimal gold content for the processing In factories, the boundary gold content is increased by a value proportional to the increase in the optimal gold content over its value in the enriched product. 13. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the magnitude of the change in the boundary content of gold sorting and lump separation is estimated by determining the gold content in portions of the enriched product of sorting and separation and the amount of ore from the expression

and by determining the gold content in the portions of the tailings of the sorting and separation and the amount of ore from the expression

Where

- the magnitude of changes in the boundary contents of the processes of separation and sorting of gold, determined by the enriched products and dump tailings of separation and sorting of gold-silver ores;
K is a constant scaling factor;

- optimal weighted average gold grades in the enriched products of the processing plant;

- Optimum weighted average gold grades in the tailings of the processing plant. 14. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the value of the current gold content in the tailings is evaluated by determining the gold content in the total commercial products, enriched products and intermediate products PP-1 and PP-2 from the expression

Images