RU2051462C1 - Linear electric power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power generation. SUBSTANCE: linear generator has frame 1 with annular permanent magnet 2, windings 3 and 5 in formers 4 and 6 of screen 7 mounted for axial displacement relative to frame with magnet due to flexible member 8, as well as impulse light source. EFFECT: enlarged functional capabilities. 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the production and conversion of electrical energy and can be used to generate the latter in the presence of artificial or natural sources of light radiation.

 A linear generator of electrical energy is known, comprising a housing, inside of which a ring electromagnetic system of the stator is fixed, inside of which is mounted an electromagnetic armature system connected to the housing with the possibility of axial movement from the source of primary energy.

This generator is selected as a prototype and has the following disadvantages:
the scope of the generator is narrowed by the need for a source of mechanical energy, providing the movement of the armature;
the generator does not involve the use of energy sources, which are saturated with the environment and outer space.

 The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the scope.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in a linear generator of electrical energy containing a housing, inside of which is fixed a ring electromagnetic system of the stator, an electromagnetic system of the armature mounted on the base and connected to the body with the possibility of axial movement from the source of primary energy, the ring electromagnetic system of the stator is made in the form axially magnetized permanent magnet, and the electromagnetic system of the armature in the form of concentric permanent magnet windings placed and carcasses along its inner and outer lateral surfaces, the base is designed as a screen to communicate with the primary energy source, configured as a pulsed light source located in the housing part, the permanent magnet separated from the screen.

 In FIG. 1 and 2 show the proposed linear generator of electrical energy; in FIG. 2 shows the magnetic field structure of an annular permanent magnet; in FIG. 3, 4 show the interaction of the elements of the generator during operation; in FIG. 5, 6, an embodiment of one of the elements of a pulsed light source device is shown.

 To explain the operation of the device, we consider the structure of the magnetic field of the annular permanent magnet of rectangular cross section, magnetized in the axial direction (see Fig. 2). Experiments carried out with such a magnet and finely divided particles of reduced iron saturated with hydrogen showed that the structure of the magnetic field has the form shown in FIG. 2. Inside the ring there is a convexity from the lines of force resembling the convexity of the solenoid, while the magnetic ring has not two, but four poles. The picture of the lines of force allows us to conclude that for each section of the ring with a plane perpendicular to the plane of the ring, there is a line A-A, which “breaks” the magnet into two parts: the inner, the lines of force of which are closed inside the ring, and the external, the lines of force which are closed on the outside of the ring.

 The linear generator (see Fig. 1) contains a housing 1 made of diamagnetic material, in which the annular permanent magnet 2 magnetized in the axial direction is fixedly fixed, the first winding 3 located in the frame 4 along the inner surface of the annular magnet 2, the second winding 5 located in the frame 6 along the outer surface of the ring magnet 2 outside the housing 1, while the frames 4 and 6 with windings 3 and 5, located concentrically to the ring magnet 2, are fixedly mounted on the diamagnetic base of the screen 7 connected with the housing 1 with the possibility of axial movement due to the elastic element 8 (for example, a spring); in the upper part of the housing, separated from the screen by a permanent magnet 2, a primary energy source interacting with the screen 7 is fixed, made in the form of a pulsed light source. The latter, depending on the nature of the light, can be made in two versions. The artificial light source comprises an emitter 9 connected to the drive 10, on the housing of which a reflector 11 is located, while the drive 10 is connected to the initiating energy source 12. The reflector 11 provides the concentration of light radiation in solid angle, limited by the area of the screen 7 inside the first winding 3. When using natural light, the pulsed light source contains (see Fig. 5, 6) a motor 3 mounted on the tide 2 of the housing 1, connected by a rod 4 to the shutter 5.

0. Для удобства рассмотрения на фиг. 3 изображено только относительное положение кольцевого магнита 2 и обмоток 3 и 5 в исходном состоянии. При этом большая часть силовых линий замыкается, пронизывая плоскости катушек. Так как

0, то индуцируемые в обмотках ЭДС E₁ и E₂ (соответственно в катушках 3 и 5) равны 0.The linear generator operates as follows. In the initial state, the windings 3 and 5 (see Fig. 1) located in the frames 4 and 6 of the screen 7 occupy a certain fixed position relative to the annular magnet 2, and the planes of their turns are pierced by a time-constant magnetic flux, the lines of force of which are presented on FIG. 2, i.e.

0. For convenience of consideration in FIG. 3 shows only the relative position of the annular magnet 2 and the windings 3 and 5 in the initial state. At the same time, most of the lines of force are closed, penetrating the planes of the coils. Because

0, then the EMFs induced in the windings E ₁ and E ₂ (respectively in coils 3 and 5) are equal to 0.

When you turn on the initiating source 12 (in the case of using an artificial light source), the latter charges the storage device 10, which causes the emitter 9. The light pulse F of the emitter, concentrated by the reflector 11 in a certain solid angle, penetrating the coils of coils 3 and 5, exerts light pressure on screen 7. Quantitatively, this pressure is determined by the following formula (Yavorsky B. M. Detlaf A. Handbook of Physics. M. Nauka, 1981, p. 371):
P _F <ω> (1 + R) cos ² i, (1) where <ω> is the average value of the volume density of light energy in a pulse;
R light reflectance;
i angle of incidence of the light pulse.

(2) где F_упр сила, приложенная к экрану 7 со стороны упругого элемента 8 (для пружины F_упр КХ, Х перемещение от положения равновесия, К коэффициент упругости);
S площадь экрана; при перемещении экрана 7 силовые линии магнита 2 пересекают плоскости витков обмоток 3, 5, в результате чего в последних индуцируются ЭДС
E₃= K_N

E₅= K_N

, (3) где Δ N₃ и Δ N₅ число силовых линий магнитного поля кольцевого магнита 2, которое пересекло витки обмоток 3 и 5 соответственно;
Δ t интервал времени, в течение которого экран 7 перемещался из исходного положения равновесия к новому положению (см. фиг. 4).The pressure (1) of the light pulse F on the screen 7 leads to its movement from the light source, as a result of which the relative position of the windings 3, 5 and the ring magnet 2 changes. The condition for the movement is the inequality
P _F >

(2) where F _{CPR is the} force applied to the screen 7 from the side of the elastic element 8 (for the spring F _CTX KX, X is the displacement from the equilibrium position, K is the elastic coefficient);
S screen area; when moving the screen 7, the lines of force of the magnet 2 intersect the plane of the turns of the windings 3, 5, as a result of which EMFs are induced in the latter
E ₃ = K _N

E ₅ = K _N

, (3) where Δ N ₃ and Δ N _{5 are the} number of lines of force of the magnetic field of the ring magnet 2, which crossed the turns of the windings 3 and 5, respectively;
Δ t is the time interval during which the screen 7 moved from the initial equilibrium position to a new position (see Fig. 4).

 The new equilibrium position achieved by converting (2) into equality is unstable, and under the influence of the elastic element 8, the screen 7 with windings 3, 5 rushes to the initial position, as a result of which EMFs will again be induced in the latter. Moreover, the signs of EMF are determined by the law of Lenz. As a result, the screen 7 will make damped oscillations until the next light pulse. When the latter is initiated by the source 12, the described processes will take place with the only difference that the screen 7 may be at some moment in the intermediate position when the pulse acts on it.

When the source 12 initiates light pulses F with a certain period in the generator, the mode of forced oscillations with EMF variables E ₃ and E _{5 is set} .

= -K_фw₃

E

= K_фw₅

, (4) где ΔΦ_3,5 магнитный поток, пронизывающий витки обмоток;
Δ t интервал времени воздействия потока;
W₃, W₅ число витков в обмотках 3 и 5 соответственно;
K_Φ коэффициент пропорциональности.Since the light pulse F is a combination of high-frequency electromagnetic oscillations, the planes of the turns of the windings 3 and 5 will intersect with the components of the intensity of the electromagnetic fields, creating magnetic fluxes that change over time. These flows will induce EMF variables in windings 3 and 5, the values of which are E ₃ 'and E ₅ ', respectively
E

= -K _f w ₃

E

= K _f w ₅

, (4) where ΔΦ _{3.5 is the} magnetic flux penetrating the turns of the windings;
Δ t the time interval of the impact of the stream;
W ₃ , W _{5 the} number of turns in the windings 3 and 5, respectively;
K _{Φ is the} coefficient of proportionality.

Thus, in the windings 3 and 5, two EMF components are induced, the total values of which are equal to E ₃ + E ₃ 'and E ₅ + E ₅ ', respectively, and the components are taken from (3) and (4).

 The pulsed light source may be configured as shown in FIG. 5, 6. It contains a motor 3 mounted on a tide 2 of housing 1, connected by a rod 4 to the shutter 5. The rod 4 with the shutter 5, when the engine 3 is turned on, makes a reciprocating movement, periodically blocking the light flux created by a natural (artificial) source, for example The sun, thereby forming impulses F.

The sufficiency of the pressure of the light pulse on the screen, providing overcoming the pressure on the last spring, is associated with the implementation of inequality (2) taking into account (1). In this case, the role of the source itself is to form the <ω> bulk energy density in the pulse. The feasibility of an artificial source is due to the existence of coherent radiation sources that allow light pressure to be obtained on small surfaces 10 ⁶ kg / cm ² (Elementary textbook of physics / Ed. By academician G.S. Landsberg, vol. III, M. 1968, p. 168). The pulse pressure required in a particular linear generator depends on the power of the latter and, in addition to the emitter, is formed by a reflector that implements the required screen area on which the pressure is distributed, and thereby the required power.

 Thus, the linear generator of electric energy has a wider scope due to the lack of the need to use mechanical energy to drive the armature, the use of radiant energy, whose reserves in the near-Earth space are large, and artificial sources require material and energy-intensive structures. This is also facilitated by the optimal use of the magnetic field of the ring magnet, and the simplicity of the design.

Claims (1)

 LINEAR ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATOR, comprising a housing, inside which a ring electromagnetic system of the stator is fixed, an electromagnetic armature system mounted on the base and connected to the body with the possibility of axial movement from the primary energy source, characterized in that the ring electromagnetic system of the stator is made in the form of magnetized in the axial direction of the permanent magnet, and the electromagnetic system of the armature in the form of concentric permanent magnet windings placed on the frames along its inner and outer side surfaces, the base is made in the form of a screen for interaction with a primary energy source, made in the form of a pulsed light source located in a part of the housing separated from the screen by a permanent magnet.

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