RU204943U1 - UNIVERSAL GRATE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to heating technology and can be used in furnaces of various devices for burning solid fuel. The spigot contains a surface flat on one side with perforated holes. On the other side of the surface, beads are made along the perimeter, with the exception of one of the sides opposite to the front side, with the formation of an ash scoop. The grate can consist of metal elements having a U-shaped cross-section and forming a flat perforated surface. The proposed grate is universal in comparison with the known grates, since it performs the function of a grate and an ash pan box.

Description

The grate belongs to heating equipment and can be used in the furnaces of various devices for burning solid fuel.

Known grate for RF patent No. 2212585, IPC F23H 1/00, publ. 09/20/2001, containing a grate cloth made with openings and through holes for air passage. The grate web is made with a free cross-section - the ratio of the total area of all openings and openings for air passage to the entire grate area is 0.3-3%.

The disadvantage of this design is the lack of universality of the grate for various combustion modes. In addition, the grate has only one function.

The closest analogue chosen for the prototype is a grate for a hearth furnace according to RF patent No. 143450, IPC F23H 17/12 publication 20.07.2014, containing a plate flat on one side, on the other side of which there is a row of rectangular grooves separated by ribs. Through holes are located in the central parts of the recesses. The plate is made monolithic, the recesses are square, and the holes are located in the centers of the squares of the recesses.

This grate is intended for use only in a hearth furnace, as indicated by the title of the patent and the description of the operation of this grate. The specificity of the use of the described grate is its disadvantage.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create a constructively simple and universal grate.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the grate, used in the furnaces of various devices for burning solid fuel, containing a surface flat on one side with perforated holes, according to the formula of the utility model, is universal, since on the other side of the surface there are sides along the perimeter, with the exception of one from the sides opposite to the frontal side to form an ash scoop.

The analysis of the prior art made it possible to establish that analogues characterized by a set of features identical to all features of the claimed technical solution are absent, which indicates that the claimed technical solution meets the "novelty" condition of patentability.

The offered grate is versatile in comparison with the known grates, as it performs the function of a grate and an ash pan.

The design of the sides, firstly, makes it possible to raise the fuel-supporting surface when the grate is installed in the blower chamber for air to pass through the holes in it and then through the fuel layer when the process of volumetric combustion is carried out. Secondly, the presence of the sides allows the formation of an ash scoop for organizing the upper combustion process, as well as cleaning the blower chamber from the remnants of unburned fuel.

The execution of a flat surface from metal elements of a U-shaped section increases the rigidity of the grate structure.

The number of holes and their size are determined empirically and make it possible to create optimal conditions for the passage of air during the volumetric combustion mode and cleaning the blower chamber from unburned fuel residues.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, where

in fig. 1 shows a general view of the universal grate;

in fig. 2 is a general view of a universal grate used as an ash scoop;

in fig. 3 - shows a grate installed in the blowing chamber to carry out the process of volumetric combustion;

in fig. 4 shows a grate installed in the blowing chamber for the upper combustion process.

The universal grate is a welded structure. In an example of a specific implementation, it consists of metal elements 1 having a U-shaped section and forming a flat perforated surface 2 with holes 3. (Fig. 1). The use of elements with a U-shaped section provides the necessary rigidity of the structure. On the surface 4, opposite to the surface 2, the sides 5 are made along the perimeter, with the exception of one side - opposite to the frontal side 6. The result is a scoop with a perforated bottom (Fig. 2).

The proposed device - a universal grate works as follows.

To organize the process of volumetric combustion of fuel in the furnace 7, the grate is installed on the sides 5 in the blower chamber 8. (Fig. 3) The furnace 7 is filled with fuel and ignited. The perforated surface 2 of the grate in this case is fuel-supporting. By extending the grate, the air flow from below through its holes and then into the fuel layer is controlled. This position of the grate increases the efficiency of fuel combustion due to the uniformity of the oxidant supply to the entire fuel volume due to the optimally selected number and size of the holes, and contributes to its most complete combustion. During the combustion process, ash particles spill out through the holes 3 and enter the blowing chamber 8, from where they are manually removed by any known method, including using the second function of the grate - the ash scoop.

The versatility of the grate design also makes it possible to ensure the top combustion of the furnace. For this, the grate is installed in the blowing chamber 8 in such a way that the surface 4 is fuel-supporting. The sides 5 of the universal grate are directed upwards and form a perforated ash pan. The grate and firebox installed in a similar way are loaded with fuel and ignited from above through the loading door. When fuel is burned, excess oxygen must ensure its complete combustion. If oxygen is not enough for the complete combustion of CO and volatile substances, then an additional amount of air is introduced directly into the furnace volume. In this case, air is supplied by extending the ash scoop. To maintain the combustion process, in particular of coal, a slow intake of air is supplied in controlled volumes. This leads to fuel smoldering in a slow mode, an increase in the duration of combustion and complete combustion of the fuel to small ash particles. After the end of the combustion process, the grate in the position of the scoop is filled with ash residues of unburned fuel. The scoop is pushed out of the blowing chamber and cleaned of ash residues, after which the scoop is again placed in the blowing chamber.

The advantages of the offered grate are its extreme simplicity and versatility.

The applicant tested a full-size sample of the proposed design. The experimental data confirmed the correctness of the technical solution for the industrial production of a universal grate.

Claims (2)

1. A grate used in furnaces of various devices for burning solid fuel, containing a flat surface on one side perforated with holes, characterized in that it is universal, since on the other side of the surface there are sides along the perimeter, with the exception of one of the sides opposite to the front side , with the formation of an ash scoop. 2. A grate according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of metal elements having a U-shaped section and forming a flat perforated surface.

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