RU2049107C1 - Composition for soil amelioration - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: soil amelioration. SUBSTANCE: proposed composition has the following components, wt.-% sapropel 60-70; zeolite 23-27, and alumina 8-11. For heavy soils zeolite is treated with silicon-containing liquid. Composition shows selective sorbent capability for soil detoxication in combination with fertilizing and structure-improved effect. EFFECT: enhanced quality of composition. 2 cl, 6 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of soil reclamation, can be used in the reclamation of lands contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides, etc.

 Known compositions for land reclamation and land reclamation, in which phosphogypsum with the addition of lime flour or shale ash in a certain ratio or peat with the addition of dictioneem shale and phosphate rock is used to restore the fertility of disturbed soils.

 However, all these compounds contribute to increasing soil fertility and cannot sufficiently ensure the extraction of toxic substances from the soil.

 The closest technical solution is a sorbent ameliorant used for chemical land reclamation, which contains peat, caprolactam with the addition of mineral components.

 A disadvantage of the known composition is that caprolactam, acting as an adsorbent, has a very narrow selective ability: it eliminates only nitrophenol toxicosis. In addition, caprolactam can swell in acidic soils, and this leads to a deterioration in the water-physical properties of soils.

To eliminate these drawbacks, as well as to increase the selective ability of the sorbent during extensive detoxification of farmland in combination with fertilizing and structuring effects, an organic-based sorbent ameliorant with the addition of mineral components is proposed, while sapropel is used as an organic base, and as mineral components zeolite and alumina in the following ratio of components, wt. Sapropel 60-70 Zeolite 23-27 Alumina 8-11
Moreover, for heavy soils, the proposed composition contains zeolite treated with organosilicon liquid.

 The essence of the proposed solution is as follows.

2Al(OH)₃ + 3H₂SO₄
глинозем
CaCO₃˙MgCO₃ + 2H₂SO₄

CaSO₄ +

MgSO₄ + 2CO

+ 2H₂O
составляющие цеолита и сапропеля
В случае тяжелых почв, где перевод подвижных форм тяжелых металлов в неподвижные осуществляется исключительно сорбцией, производят обработку цеолита кремнийорганической жидкостью. При этом цеолит покрывается пленкой, обладающей мембранным эффектом. Эта пленка, пропуская из почвы тяжелые металлы, изолирует их, делая недоступными для растений.The proposed composition for soil reclamation "SORBEX" successfully combines the properties of sapropel as a fertilizer (the organic content in sapropel is 28-30%) with mineral additives zeolite and alumina. The latter, acting as a coagulant, extracts elements from zeolite and sapropel, as a result of which additional pores are released in zeolite and sapropel, and the sorption capacity of the latter increases. In general terms, this process can be represented as follows:
Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ + 6H ₂ O

2Al (OH) ₃ + 3H ₂ SO ₄
alumina
CaCO ₃ ˙ MgCO ₃ + 2H ₂ SO ₄

CaSO ₄ +

MgSO ₄ + 2CO

+ 2H ₂ O
constituents of zeolite and sapropel
In the case of heavy soils, where the transfer of mobile forms of heavy metals into stationary ones is carried out exclusively by sorption, the zeolite is treated with organosilicon liquid. In this case, the zeolite is covered with a film having a membrane effect. This film, passing heavy metals from the soil, isolates them, making them inaccessible to plants.

 In the case of soils with light mechanical composition, in which the transfer of mobile forms of heavy metals into stationary ones is carried out mainly due to ion exchange, the treatment of zeolite with organosilicon liquid does not give such a significant positive result.

 PRI me R 1. Sapropel was dried by any of the known methods to a moisture content of 10-15% All components of the mixture were crushed to obtain particles no larger than 1 mm and then mixed in a predetermined proportion.

 PRI me R 2. Sapropel was dried to 10-15% humidity. All components of the mixture were crushed to a particle size of not more than 1 mm. Then the zeolite was treated with an organosilicon liquid, for example PES-5, at the rate of 1-4 g per 100 g of zeolite. Then mixed with sapropel and alumina in a predetermined proportion.

 Thus prepared mixtures were applied to the soil. At the same time, control experiments were conducted on soil without ameliorant, soil + its individual components, soil + known sorbent. The studies were carried out according to methods known in soil science and soil physics.

 Table 1 shows the results of experiments to determine the optimal composition of the sorbent.

 The data in the table show that the soils to which the high alumina mixture was added had a low pH (4.5). Such an environment inhibits soil formation processes (at a pH of 5.6–7.5). Mixtures with a low alumina content have a low absorption capacity. The most optimal composition of the mixture III.

 In the table. Figure 2 shows the data confirming the position that the capacity of SORBEX a actually increases due to the effect of the interaction of the components of this ameliorant. Here are the values of the absorption capacities of each individual component, and then their mixtures.

 The data on the absorption capacity and pH (Table 2) are given for the optimal composition of the mixture. They show that the absorption capacity of the mixture increases by 20-25% compared with the sum of the absorption capacities of the constituent components.

 Table 3 shows the data on the change in the water permeability of soils of heavy and light mechanical composition when SORBEX a, treated and not treated with organosilicon liquid, is added to them.

 As the data in this table show, in the case of soils of light texture, the treatment of the proposed sorbent with organosilicon liquid does not lead to significant changes.

 The following table 4 shows the experimental results confirming the effectiveness of the proposed sorbent in relation to heavy metals: as a result of applying SORBEX in the soil of heavy mechanical composition, the mobile forms of zinc decreased by 31% and copper by 100%. It is shown that the treatment of the sorbent with organosilicon liquid will allow to fix the most mobile element copper, while the absence of this treatment leads to the opposite effect of the transition of fixed forms of copper in mobile.

The following table.5 shows the analysis data for the elements that make up the SORBEX. These data show that an environmentally friendly mixture is introduced into the soil, which enriches it with nutrients (MnO, K ₂ O).

 And finally, the last table 6 shows the experimental data confirming the advantages of SORBEX in terms of the main indicators over the known ones.

Thus, the proposed sorbent, having a high sorption capacity (E _n 256 mg / equiv 100 g), reduces the content in the soil of mobile forms of heavy metals, in particular, copper and zinc, respectively, by 100 and 31% creates the optimum pH in soil 7, 54; carries out soil structuring (filtration coefficient increases by 1.5 times); enriches the soil with organic matter and microelements, as a result of which the introduction of contaminated territories into agricultural circulation is accelerated ≈ 2-3 times.

Claims (1)

 1. The composition for land reclamation, containing an organic base and mineral components, characterized in that it contains sapropel as an organic base, and zeolite and alumina as mineral components in the following ratio of components, wt. Sapropel 60 70
Zeolite 23 27
Alumina Else
2. The composition according to p. 1, characterized in that for heavy soils it contains zeolite treated with organosilicon liquid.

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