RU2047368C1 - Grille for meat-and-bone raw material mincer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: grille is constant-thickness disk 1 with a flat perforated working surface with central mounting hole 2 and round perforation holes 3. The working surface of disk 1 is conditionally divided into concentric rings 4. The round holes are located on central radii of rings 4, and the radii of rings 4 are determined through the radius of central hole 2. Numbers of round holes 2 in adjoining conditional rings 4 are in certain correlation, and the external radius of disk 1 is equal to the equal radius of last conditional ring 4 from the axle of disk 1. This allows the throughput of conditional rings 4 to be the same across the entire working surface of disk 1. As a result, the flow of material is stabilized, loss of juice is avoided, and quality of mincing is improved. EFFECT: higher efficiency; higher throughput, higher mincing quality. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to structural elements of devices for grinding meat and bone raw materials and can be used in food and other industries.

Known lattice to the grinder of meat and bone raw materials, made in the form of a disk with a central socket for its fastening and holes located in concentric rows in radial grooves having a rectangular triangle in cross section, with a right angle formed at the working surface of the disk, and the hypotenuse inclination to the vertical at an angle of 45-60 ^about , and the diameter of the holes located in each groove is equal to the width of the groove (see A.S. USSR N 1292831, class B 02 C 18/30, 1987).

 However, in the known design of the lattice, the geometrical parameters of perforation are not related to the dimensions of the central slot and disk by certain ratios, which does not allow to obtain the same throughput of the disk over the entire area of the working surface and, therefore, effectively use the entire area of the working surface of the lattice and, as a result, reduced productivity and deterioration in grinding quality.

 Known lattice to the grinder of meat and bone raw materials, made in the form of a disk of constant thickness with a flat perforated working surface with a central landing hole and with round perforation holes arranged in rows along concentric circles (see A.S. USSR No. 1516141, class B 02 Since 18/30, 1986.

 The disadvantage is that this device does not give specific relationships between the parameters of the perforation, the landing central hole and the outer size of the disk. And this does not allow to obtain the same throughput over the entire area of the working surface of the disk, which leads to low work efficiency.

 In addition, the minimum number of round holes in the first row, counting from the axis of the disk, is not indicated, and the nature of the arrangement of round holes in adjacent rows is not specified.

 The technical task of improving work efficiency.

The problem is achieved in that in the grill to the meat and bone raw material grinder, made in the form of a disk of constant thickness with a flat working perforated surface, with a central landing hole and with round perforation holes arranged in rows along concentric circles, according to the invention, the working surface of the disk is conditionally divided into concentric rings, the radii of which are determined by the formula
R _n = (1,272) ⁿ ˙ R _o , n = 1,2,3,4. (1) where n is the serial number of the conditional ring,
R _{o the} radius of the Central landing hole,
R _{n is the} outer radius of the conditional ring, the round perforation holes are located on the central radii of the conditional rings and their number in each row is determined by the formula
Z _{n + 1} = [(1,618) ˙ Z _n ] n = 1,2,3,4, (2) where Z _n square brackets denote the integer part of the number, the number of round perforation holes on the n-th conditional ring, while the outer the radius of the lattice disk is equal to the outer radius of the latter, counting from the axis of the disk, the conditional ring.

 In addition, the number of round perforation holes in the first, counting from the axis of the disk, conditional ring is equal to one of the Fibonacci numbers, starting from the number 5 or 8 or 13, or 21, or 34, etc.

 In addition, the round perforation holes in adjacent conditional rings are staggered.

 The conditional division of the working surface of the lattice disk into concentric rings, the determination of their radii according to the formula (1), the placement of round perforation holes on the central radii of the conditional rings, the determination of the number of round holes in each row of the conditional ring by the formula (2) if the outer radius of the lattice disk is equal to the outer the radius of the latter, counting from the axis of the disk, the conditional ring, allows you to get the same throughput of each conditional ring over the entire area of the working surface, which stabilizes ix working fluid through the grid and thereby increases the productivity and quality of grinding, and therefore the efficiency of the device.

If R _n ≠ (1,272) ⁿ ˙ R _o subject to all other distinguishing features, then in this case the throughput of the conditional rings will be different over the entire area of the working surface of the disk, which destabilizes the movement of the working fluid through the lattice, creates its additional movement in the radial direction squeezing, wrinkling, leakage of juice and, as a result, a decrease in productivity and a deterioration in the quality of grinding, and consequently, a decrease in the efficiency of the device.

 If the round perforation holes are not located on the central radii of the conditional rings, subject to all other distinguishing features, then the uniform distribution of the product mass per unit area of the working surface of the conditional ring will be violated and, as a result, the device’s working efficiency will decrease.

If Z _{n + 1} ≠ (1,618) ˙ Z _n subject to all other distinguishing features, then in this case the throughput of the conditional rings will not be the same over the entire working surface of the disk, which will also negatively affect the efficiency of the device.

 If the outer radius of the lattice disk is not equal to the outer radius of the latter, counting from the axis of the disk, the conditional ring, subject to all other distinguishing features, then in this case the throughput of the last conditional ring will differ from the rest of the working surface, which will also lead to a decrease in work efficiency devices.

 Thus, only compliance with all the distinguishing features allows you to stabilize the movement of meat and bone raw materials through the grill and thereby increase the efficiency of the device.

 The choice of the number of round holes in the first conditional ring from the disk axis in accordance with a series of Fibonacci numbers facilitates the methodology for calculating perforation parameters and the unification of gratings.

It is impractical to take Z ₁ <5 for technological reasons, especially since the principle of the golden ratio begins to be implemented quite accurately in equation (2) from the fifth of the Fibonacci series, i.e. from the number 5.

 The location of the round perforation holes in adjacent conditional rings in a checkerboard pattern allows you to most fully and evenly use the area of the working surface of the lattice disk.

 The drawing shows the grill to the grinder meat and bone raw materials, view from the side of the movement of the product.

 The grill for the meat and bone raw material grinder is made in the form of a disk 1 of constant thickness with a flat perforated working surface, with a central landing hole 2 and round holes 3 arranged in rows along concentric circles.

The working surface of the disc 1 the lattice conditionally divided into concentric rings 4 on the central radii R _n ^u which are arranged circular openings 3.

 A keyway 5 is made on the end surface of the disk 1.

The outer radius R _{n of the} disk 1 is equal to the outer radius of the latter, counting from the axis of the disk 1, the conditional ring 4.

The radii of the concentric conditional rings 4 are determined by the formula
R _n = (1,272) ⁿ ˙ R _o , n = 1,2,3,4. where n is the serial number of the conditional ring,
R _{o the} radius of the Central landing hole 2,
R _{n the} outer radius of the n-th conditional ring.

The number of holes 3 in each row is determined by the formula
Z _{n + 1} = [(1,618) ˙Z _n ] n = 1,2,3,4. where the square brackets denote the integer part of the number,
Z _{n the} number of round perforation holes on the n-th conditional ring.

 The number of round perforation holes in the first, counting from the axis of the disk 1, conditionally the ring is equal to one of the numbers of the Fibonacci series, starting from the number 5 or 8, or 13, or 21, or 34, etc.

 Round holes 3 perforations in adjacent conditional rings are staggered.

d _{o the} diameter of the round holes 3. With the keyway 5, the grill is fixed in the body of the meat grinder.

The fulfillment of the condition R _n = (1,272) ⁿ R _o provides a proportional increase in the area of the working surface of the disk 1 of the grating as the radius of the arrangement of round holes 3 increases. The fulfillment of the condition under which
Z _{n + 1} = [(1,618) ˙Z _n] provides a proportional increase in the effective cross section of the working surface of the disc 1 with increasing radius of the location of circular openings 3 in the central radii R _n ⁿ conditional 4 rings.

 The combination of the outer radius of the disk 1 with the outer radius of the latter, counting from the axis of the disk 1, conditional ring 4 eliminates the unwanted excess or lack of surface area on the peripheral part of the disk 1.

The location of the circular holes 3 at the central radii R _n ^{c of} each conditional ring 4 creates identical conditions for the product to pass over the entire area of the working surface of the grating disk 1, for its further stabilization.

 The staggered arrangement of round holes 3 in adjacent conditional rings 4 allows you to most fully and evenly use the area of the working surface of the disk 1 lattice.

 The use of Fibonacci numbers, starting with its fifth number, i.e. from the number 5 or 8, or 13, or 21, or 34, i.e. allows you to greatly simplify the calculation of the parameters of the perforation of the knife grids and unify the latter.

 Thus, as a result of observing all the distinguishing features, the lattice throughput is the same and the pressure of the meat and bone raw materials is equalized over the entire working surface of the disk. And this guarantees better grinding of raw materials, while reducing cell juice losses, reducing fiber crushing and cutting forces, increasing productivity, and therefore, increasing the efficiency of the device.

 To confirm the foregoing, we give specific examples, and we will proceed from the fact that the number of round holes in commercially available gratings varies from 9 to 800 or more, the diameter of these holes can range from 3 to 30 mm, the outer diameter of the grating disk can vary from 60 to 300 mm, and the diameter of the landing central hole may vary from 20 to 50 mm.

PRI me R 1. Initial conditions:
D _{o the} diameter of the Central bore; D _o = 50 mm (R _o = 25 mm)
d _{o the} diameter of the round holes, d _o = 4 mm,
Z _{1 the} number of holes in the first conditional ring from the disk axis, Z ₁ = 13.

The working surface of the lattice disk is conditionally divided into four rings, i.e. n = 4. The outer diameter of the lattice disk is equal to the outer diameter of the last ring, i.e. D _n = D ₄ or R _e = R ₄ .

 1. Determine the outer radii of the conditional rings.

R ₁ = (1.272) ˙ R _o = 1.272 ˙25.0 = 31.80 mm
R ₂ = (1,272) ² ˙ R _o = 40.45 mm
R ₃ = (1.272) ³ ˙R _o = 51.45 mm
R ₄ = (1.272) ⁴ ˙R _o = 65.44 mm
R _n = R ₄ = 65.44 mm
2. We determine the number of holes arranged in rows on the central radii of the conditional rings.

0,1346
K₂=

0,1344
K₃=

0,1345
K₄=

0,1345
Из расчетов следует, что K₁=K₂=K₃=K₄, т.е. пропускная способность всех условных колец одинаковая, так как увеличение площади живого сечения пропорционально увеличению общей площади рабочей поверхности диска решетки по мере увеличения радиуса расположения круглых отверстий.Z ₁ = 13; Z ₂ = [(1,618) ˙Z ₁ ] 21
Z ₃ = [1,618 ˙Z ₂ ] 34
Z ₄ = [1,618 ˙Z ₃ ] 55
3. We determine the throughput of each conditional ring
K ₁ =

0.1346
K ₂ =

0.1344
K ₃ =

0.1345
K ₄ =

0.1345
From the calculations it follows that K ₁ = K ₂ = K ₃ = K ₄ , i.e. the throughput of all conditional rings is the same, since an increase in the living cross-sectional area is proportional to an increase in the total area of the working surface of the lattice disk as the radius of the arrangement of round holes increases.

 It follows that the speeds of the individual layers of raw materials through the lattice are the same. Consequently, the movement of the feed stream is stabilized over the entire area of the grate and, as a result, there is an increase in productivity and an improvement in the quality of grinding. Thus, the overall performance of such a device is improved.

PRI me R 2. We take Z ₁ = 21. All other source data remains unchanged.

Then Z ₁ = 21 K ₁ = 0.21778
Z ₂ = 34 K ₂ = 0.21745
Z ₃ = 55 K ₃ = 0.21762
Z ₄ = 89 K ₄ = 0.21762 as required.

 However, it is easy to see that if we violate at least one of the distinguishing features, the throughput of the conditional rings will be different and the lattice performance will deteriorate sharply.

 We show this by example.

Example 3. We assume that Z ₁ = 13, but Z _{n + 1} ≠ [(1,618) ˙ Z _n ], subject to all other distinguishing features. We take Z _{n + 1} = 1.5Z _n .

Then Z ₁ = 13, Z ₂ = 20, Z ₃ = 30, Z ₄ = 45.

0,13460
K₂=

0,12800
K₃=

0,11870
K₄=

0,11007 Из расчетов следует, что K₁≠K₂≠K₃≠K₄, т.е. пропускная способность условных колец неодинаковая по мере увеличения радиуса расположения круглых отверстий. Это дестабилизирует искусственно движение потока сырья и снижает, тем самым, эффективность работы устройства.K ₁ =

0.13460
K ₂ =

0.12800
K ₃ =

0.11870
K ₄ =

0.11007 From the calculations it follows that K ₁ ≠ K ₂ ≠ K ₃ ≠ K ₄ , i.e. the throughput of the conditional rings is not the same as the radius of the arrangement of round holes increases. This destabilizes artificially the movement of the flow of raw materials and thereby reduces the efficiency of the device.

A similar picture occurs at R _n ≠ (1,272) ⁿ ˙ R _o and at R _n ≠ R ₄ as well as if the holes are not located on the central radii of the conditional rings and if they are not positioned in adjacent rows.

≃ 1,618 Ф (см. Воробьев Н.Н. Числа Фибоначчи. М. Наука, 1969-112 с. ) Заметим, что

1,272

Вместе с тем числа Фибоначчи, их свойства и принцип золотой пропорции (золотого сечения) являются научной основой теории предпочтительных чисел. Существующий международный стандарт, например, фирмы Гастро-норм и отечественный ГОСТ-8032-56 устанавливают четыре ряда предпочтительных чисел: R 5; R 10; R 20; R 40, при этом знаменатель их геометрической прогрессии а_n=10, где n=5, 10, 20 и 40. Тогда
q₁=1,60 при n=5 (см. например, Харламов С.В.In conclusion, we note that a series of Fibonacci numbers has the form: 1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233,377,610, etc. Moreover, starting from the fifth day, i.e. from the number 5
m

≃ 1.618 F (see Vorobiev N.N. Fibonacci numbers. M. Nauka, 1969-112 p.) Note that

1,272

At the same time, Fibonacci numbers, their properties and the principle of the golden ratio (golden ratio) are the scientific basis of the theory of preferred numbers. The existing international standard, for example, Gastro-Norm and domestic GOST-8032-56, establish four rows of preferred numbers: R 5; R 10; R 20; R 40, while the denominator of their geometric progression is a _n = 10, where n = 5, 10, 20 and 40. Then
q ₁ = 1.60 for n = 5 (see, for example, Kharlamov S.V.

q ₂ = 1.25 with n = 10 Construction of technological q ₃ = 1.12 with n = 20 food production machines. L.

1,127

1,272

1,062
Таким образом, использование формул (1) (2) коэффициентов пропорциональности 1,618q₁ и 1,272=

q₂ позволяет рассчитывать параметры перфорации ножевых решеток на основе двух первых рядов предпочтительных чисел R5 и R10, т. е. на основе действующих международных стандартов и в этом случае достигается наибольший экономический выигрыш, повышение эффективности работы путем стабилизации движения измельчаемого сырья через решетку по всей площади ее рабочей поверхности независимо от месторасположения отверстий перфорации.q ₄ = 1606 with n = 40 Engineering, 1979-224 s.)
On the other hand, the value of the golden ratio resulting from the properties of Fibonacci numbers
F 1.618

1,127

1,272

1,062
Thus, the use of formulas (1) (2) of the proportionality coefficients of 1.618q ₁ and 1.272 =

q ₂ allows you to calculate the parameters of the perforation of the knife gratings based on the first two rows of preferred numbers R5 and R10, that is, on the basis of current international standards, and in this case the greatest economic gain is achieved, increasing work efficiency by stabilizing the movement of the crushed raw materials through the grating over the entire area its working surface, regardless of the location of the perforation holes.

 The proposed lattice is used in meat grinders and spinning tops for small or medium grinding of raw materials in a set of cutting tools, consisting, for example, of a set of two rotating knives and two knife grids with different diameters of round holes and their different numbers.

 The technical and economic effect is manifested in increasing productivity, improving the quality of grinding and unification.

Claims (2)

1. LATTICE TO THE GRINDER OF MEAT-BONE RAW MATERIAL, made in the form of a disk of constant size with a flat working perforated surface, with a central landing hole and with round perforation holes arranged in rows along concentric circles, characterized in that the working surface of the disk is conditionally divided into concentric rings whose radii
R _n 1,272 ⁿ · R ₀ ,
where n is the serial number of the conditional ring;
R _{0 is the} radius of the central landing hole;
R _{n the} outer radius of the n-th conditional ring,
round perforation holes are located on the central radii of the conditional rings and their number in each row is determined by the formula
Z _{n + 1} = [1,618 · Z _n ],
where the square brackets denote the integer part of the number;
Z _{n the} number of round perforation holes on the n-th conditional ring,
the outer radius of the lattice disk is equal to the outer radius of the latter, counting from the axis of the disk of the conditional ring.  2. The lattice according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of round perforation holes in the first conditional ring from the disk axis is equal to one of the numbers of the Fibonacci series, starting from the number 5, or 8, or 13, or 21, or 34, etc. .