RU204706U1 - Gyroscope-magnetron with cold electrodes - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of instrumentation and is intended both for use in orientation and navigation systems of ships, aircraft and other mobile objects, and in laboratory and other stationary conditions for measuring angular velocities and integrals from them of simulators, rotary tables and other devices. The technical result is the use of only one magnetron containing two cold electrodes, the outer of which contains resonators, the use of reversing the polarity of the voltage between the electrodes, which became possible with the exclusion of the heated emitting cathode, cold electrodes are made of the same material - copper, zinc or another with a low work function of electrons. To determine the frequency difference, as well as phase incursions between the output signals of the magnetron in two half periods of the same duration, with a time duration of the order of (0.01-0.0005) s, a microprocessor is used through a reversing counter or integrator, which accumulates the signal differences between each two half periods. reversing the sign of the voltage in the memory device - a timer, which records the device signals in real time, stores it in the memory device, and also determines the angular velocity and the integral of the angular velocity of the moving object around the measuring axis collinear to the magnetic induction vector. Due to the possibility of using a highly stable in frequency reversing counter and a memory device - a timer, which is ensured by the development of science and technology in the field of on-board computers and time devices, it is possible to dramatically increase the accuracy of the proposed device in relation to the prototype. The device consumes little energy due to the low emission current.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of instrumentation and is intended both for use in orientation and navigation systems of ships, aircraft and other mobile objects, and in laboratory and other stationary conditions for measuring angular velocities and integrals from them of simulators, rotary tables and other devices.

Known two-magnetron gyroscope [Invention patent No. 2 207511, BI, No. 17, 2003]. Its disadvantage is the impossibility of ensuring high accuracy of measuring the angular velocity by the device due to the non-identity of their parameters and characteristics.

Known resonant ultra-high frequency gyroscope [US Pat. on PM RF No. 116999, 2012, authors LA Melnikov and others], which includes two mitrons, each of which consists of resonators installed in the evacuated cavity in the form of a cold cathode and a resonant anode concentric to it with pins and troughs, as well as an electron gun containing a filament, a heated cathode and a conical anode, the mitron also includes a constant magnetic field source and an information output electrode, and the mitron symmetry axis, which is measured in terms of the absolute angular velocity of the object, is parallel to the magnetic induction axis of the constant magnetic field source so that the measuring axes of the mitrons are directed counter-parallel. In this case, two mitrons are placed inside a single evacuated cavity on a single mounting surface of the device body in a coplanar manner, each resonant anode consists of small and large sectors, while the large sector of the cold cathode of the first mitron is incomplete circular, the second is incomplete annular, while the first of them is covered the corresponding large sector of the resonant anode around the circumference, and the second covers the circumference of the second large sector of the resonant anode to the central zone, where opposite each other are small sectors of the cold cathode and the resonant anode containing several pins and troughs along the length, the combined resonant anodes formed in this case, consisting of small and large corresponding sectors of the anodes of the first and second mitrons, contain even the same number of pins and cavities, located with the same angular pitch.

However, since there are two resonators, their complete identity cannot be ensured, and an error occurs.

The closest technical solution is utility model No. 163266 "Single-resonator gyroscope-magnetron", class. G01C 19/00 from 10.07. 2016, author - P.K. Plotnikov.

It is characterized by the fact that in a single-resonator gyroscope-magnetron containing a sensitive element in the form of a magnetron, which is a sealed closed cavity with an electrode located in it for information output, a resonator anode and a cold cathode, a filament emitting cathode that controls the conical anode of the electron gun; magnetic system of the magnetron, supply voltage sources, and the sensitive element is fixed by means of a bracket and adjustable supports so that the axis of the cold cathode and the resonator anode, which is the measuring axis, is parallel to the magnetic induction vector of the magnetic field source, coincides with the direction of injection of the electron gun, perpendicular to the plane of the annular anode system, according to the claimed technical solution, instead of the second magnetron, a highly stable time meter is introduced into its composition, the magnetron information output electrode and the output of the highly stable time meter are connected to the corresponding inputs of the phase comparator, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the microprocessor, made with the ability to determine the magnetron frequency increment by comparison algorithms with respect to the frequency of the reference generator, proportional to the measured angular velocity, as well as the phase increment from the frequency increment, which is the output signal, is proportional to increment of the integral of the indicated angular velocity.

The disadvantage of the prototype is its complexity. In addition, because of the high frequency of the gyroscope-magnetron, it is difficult to ensure the measurement of low angular velocities. For a reference meter of time and frequency, the maximum measured frequency must be 6-7 orders of magnitude higher than the frequency of the gyroscope-magneton, which is difficult to achieve.

The objective of this utility model is to significantly reduce these disadvantages, i.e. improved measurement accuracy.

The technical result is the use of a magnetron containing two cold electrodes, the outer of which contains resonators, the use of reversing the polarity of the voltage between the electrodes, which became possible with the exclusion of a heated emitting cathode, cold electrodes are made of the same material - copper, zinc or another with low work function of electrons. To determine the frequency difference, as well as the phase incursions between the output signals of the magnetron in two half periods of the same duration, with a time duration of the order of (0.01-0.0005) s, a microprocessor was used, which, through a reversing counter or integrator, accumulates the signal differences between each two half periods of voltage sign reversal in a memory device - a timer that records the instrument signals in real time, stores it in a memory device, and also determines the angular velocity and the integral of the angular velocity of the moving object around the measuring axis collinear to the magnetic induction vector. Due to the possibility of using a highly stable in frequency reversing counter and a memory device - a timer, which is ensured by the development of science and technology in the field of on-board computers and time devices, it is possible to dramatically increase the accuracy of the proposed device in relation to the prototype. The device consumes little energy due to the low emission current.

The problem is solved by the fact that in a single-cavity gyroscope-magnetron containing a sensitive element in the form of a magnetron, which is a sealed evacuated closed cavity with electrodes, sources of magnetic induction, a source of highly stable voltage, a signal pickup device, a microprocessor, and the sensitive element is reinforced by means of a bracket and adjustable supports so that the axis of the cold electrodes, which is the measuring one, is parallel to the magnetic induction vector of the magnetic field source, perpendicular to the plane of the annular anode system, according to the claimed technical solution, cold electrodes are located in the sealed cavity, made of the same material with a low work function of electrons, and the outer the electrode contains an even number of cylindrical resonators, there is a loop electrode for information output, a source of reversible rectangular supply voltages highly stable in amplitude and time, in e The composition includes a high-precision time pulse meter, the information output electrode of the magnetron and the time meter is connected to the corresponding inputs of the microprocessor, which has the ability, through a reversing counter or integrator, to accumulate the signal difference between each two half periods of voltage sign reversal in a memory device - a timer, record the device signals in real time with storing it in a memory device, in order to ensure the conditions for determining the angular velocity and the integral of the angular velocity of the moving object around the measuring axis.

FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of the device, FIG. 2 - functional electrical diagram of the device.

FIG. 1-2, the following designations are adopted:

1 - external resonator electrode,

2 - inner electrode,

3 - plastic, for example, a ceramic device case,

4 - resonant cavity,

5 - electrode for outputting the device output information

6 - magnet,

7 - sealed metal case of the device,

8 - body (fuselage) of a moving object,

9 - ballast resistor,

10 - current and voltage stabilizers,

11 - voltage polarity switching device,

12 - interface,

13 - source of reference counting frequency and time,

14 - microprocessor.

The design according to Fig. 1 is much simpler in comparison with analogs and the prototype: an electron gun with a filament cathode is eliminated; indicator device. The electrodes are made of the same material (iron, copper, cadmium or other with a low electron energy yield). It is desirable to cover their facing surfaces with activating materials and have a certain roughness in order to improve the electron yield. A voltage of the order of 80-100 V and a current of the order of 1-5 mA are stabilized by means of stabilizers 10 to ensure high accuracy of the device. FIG. 1 wires, fastening elements of the device are not shown. The electrodes are electrically insulated and attached to the metal casing of the device 8 with the help of an insulating cup 3. The sealed casing 8 is attached with a predetermined accuracy to the fuselage of the moving object 7. The north and south poles of the magnet 6 are fixed inside the casing of the device 8, which, in turn, is installed in the casing (fuselage) PO 7. In this case, its measuring axis oh with high accuracy coincides with one of the three mutually perpendicular axes of the PO. Designated: ω _ζ - measured absolute angular velocity of the software; B - vector of induction created by magnet 6. Resonant electrode 1 contains 8 cylindrical resonators (there may be a different number of resonators [3]). For the removal of microwave information, coil 5 is intended. It is easy to see that the proposed design is much simpler than that of the prototype. The electronics unit is designed for polarity switching through periods 0.005-0.01 from highly stable periodic voltage pulses applied to cold electrodes. Block 10 is intended to stabilize current and voltage pulses, and block 11 is intended to generate them. Interface 12 is designed to cut off signals from 5 at positive and negative voltages on electrodes 1 and 2. This information is stored in microprocessor 14, where the information is processed according to the information given below. algorithms and is deduced in the form of estimates of the angular velocity PO and the integral of this velocity. The process of the device.

In motion, when the measured angular velocity ω _ζ PO appears around the measuring axis of the device, the frequency of the magnetron changes and becomes equal to:

The frequency of the magnetron ν ₀ is determined, for example, according to the book [Shevchik V.N. Electronic devices of ultrahigh frequencies. - Saratov, Publishing house of Sarat. University, 1980. -416 p.]

At the output of the microprocessor, the frequency difference ν ₀ -ν is observed, where ν ₀ is the frequency of the generator. Have [RF Patent No. 116999]:

Where

r is the average radius of the circle in the gap between the resonator anode and the cathode;

λ is the wavelength of the magnetron in free space;

K _z - coefficient of deceleration [Lebedev I.A. Microwave equipment and devices. Volume2-M .: "High school" -376 p.],

n is an integer characterizing the phase shift of electromagnetic oscillations in adjacent resonators (the main phase shift is 180 °);

p is the number of the spatial harmonic, the sign at p characterizes the direction of the traveling waves;

c is the speed of light;

N is the number of resonators;

L, s - perimeter and area of the middle circle in the gap {L = 2πr; s = πr ² );

ω _ζ - measured angular velocity PO.

From (2), an expression for the scale factor of the device is presented:

A formula similar to formula (4) is valid

To obtain integral information, integrate (4):

For the first half-period of time (0, ..., T / 2) of switching the sign of the voltage of the electrodes, we have:

It is advisable to turn on the reverse counter (integrator) at t = 0 and Φ (0) = 0. Therefore, for the first half-period we get:

In the second half-period of switching the sign of the voltage on the electrodes (172, ..., T), when, as a result of this, the direction of movement of electromagnetic waves and electronic "spokes" was reversed, as well as the phase angle Φ ₀₁ , so that

As a result, we have an increment in the phase angle for the first period of switching the voltage between the electrodes:

At 2, 3, 4, 5 ... periods, the formulas are repeated with the change of indices, so after the n-th period we will have the following ratios:

Or, in expanded form:

The angular velocity of the moving object is determined taking into account the fact that the period of switching the voltage sign T is 1-2 orders of magnitude less than the rolling period of the moving object (RO). Assuming the angular velocity PO constant on the period T, we have from (6) and (7) the formula:

From this expression, we obtain the formula for estimating the angular velocity of the software:

The formula means that the angular velocity of a moving object can be determined at each period of the change in the sign of the voltage applied to the cold electrodes.

The phase increment is measured through the time increments Δτ set by the generator 2 in the microprocessor 4:

Let's look at an example.

A single-resonator gyroscope-magnetron with the following parameters has been developed: r = 3.82 cm,

N = 4; k = 12 - resonance condition

n = 2 - this means that π is provided - the type of oscillations in the magnetron;

λ = 2 cm;

p = 1, where k = 2π ^r / _λ = 12 is the resonance condition.

Hence Δν = 3.82ω _ζ rad / s, where Δν is expressed in rad / s.

Δφ = 3.82ω _ζ (tt ₀ ) rad.

Comparing the scale factor (3) with a similar coefficient of the PM No. 116999 two-resonator gyroscope, we found that in this case it is 2 times less. But at the same time, the measurement error of the device can be reduced by 10 ⁴ ... 10 ⁵ times in relation to the prototype, depending on the accuracy of the reference generator.

Information sources

1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2 207511, class. G01C 19/64, published on June 27, 2003, by P.K. Plotnikov.

2. Pat. on PM RF No. 116999, 2012, authors L.A. Melnikov and others.

3. Lebedev I.A. Microwave equipment and devices. Volume 2-M .: "High School" - 376 p.

4.http: //www.kvarz.com/general/chl-76a.html

5.http: //www.joomla3-templates.html

6. Shevchik V.N. Microwave electronic devices. - Saratov, Publishing house Sarat. University, 1980 .-- 416 p.

Claims (1)

A single-resonator gyroscope-magnetron containing a sensitive element in the form of a magnetron, which is a sealed evacuated closed cavity with electrodes, sources of magnetic induction, a source of highly stable voltage, a signal pickup device, a microprocessor, and the sensitive element is strengthened by means of a bracket and adjustable supports so that the axis of cold electrodes , which is measuring, is parallel to the vector of magnetic induction of the source of the magnetic field, perpendicular to the plane of placement of the annular anode system, characterized in that cold electrodes are located in the sealed cavity, made of the same material with a low work function of electrons, and the outer electrode contains an even number of cylindrical resonators, there is loop electrode for information output, a source of reversible rectangular supply voltages, highly stable in amplitude and time, a high-precision time pulse meter is introduced into its composition; ctrode - the loop for outputting information of the magnetron and the time meter is connected to the corresponding inputs of the microprocessor, which has the ability, through a reversing counter or integrator, to accumulate the difference of signals between each two half-periods of voltage sign reversal in a memory device - a timer, to record device signals in real time with storage and accumulation it in a memory device, with the possibility of providing conditions for determining the dependences of the angular velocity and the integral on the angular velocity of the moving object around the measuring axis.

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