RU2046266C1 - Gas chamber for underwater fire-arms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shooting from fire-arms under water and in air medium. SUBSTANCE: after primer cap is pricked powder gases through the gas vent get into the expansion space, act on the piston; part of powder gases through the vent passes into the annular space. At operation in water powder gases during piston motion fail to pass completely into the environment and eject water from the space; and maximum momentum of powder gases is spent on the movable parts. At operation in air part of powder gases from the annular space through the cut-out passes into the environment decreasing the momentum of powder gases acting on the piston. EFFECT: improved design. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention is intended for use in small arms for spearfishing.

 Currently, to perform special tasks, along with conventional land small arms, the use of underwater weapons is also required, while one of the requirements for underwater weapons is the requirement that they be used for work in the air.

 Due to the different density of the environment, for the uninterrupted and reliable operation of automation, a different impulse of powder gases is required, which is communicated to the moving parts in order to achieve stable optimum dispersion characteristics and increase the survivability of the product when the automatics work in water and in air, while the automatics work in water more impulse is needed, and less impulse in air.

 Known for adjusting the gas regime in land small arms: SVD sniper rifle (7.62 mm caliber), PC machine gun and others.

 The purpose of the regulator in land systems: to inform the necessary optimal impulse of powder gases to the moving parts for the automation to work in various conditions (lubricated parts, dusting, sprinkling, etc.).

 The gas distribution unit in analogues consists of a gas chamber, a piston, a regulator, in some systems there is a gas chamber cover and a piston spring.

 The disadvantages of the analogue in relation to the requirements of reliable operation of automation both in water and in air are as follows.

 To work in various conditions (water, air) during the operation of the machine with the reliable operation of the automation, it is necessary to move the regulator to the "Water" or "Air" position, which determine the optimal speed characteristics of the moving parts, which requires a certain amount of time and attention.

 If the shooter is forgetful, the following will be observed.

 1. The regulator is in the "Air" position (the minimum required amount of gases in the gas chamber is provided).

 When the machine is operated in the air, the guaranteed operation of the automation is ensured, while maintaining the optimal accuracy of fire, while the speed of the moving parts in the extreme rear position is 1-3 m / s.

 When the machine is operated in water with the position of the "Air" regulator, there will be a shortage of moving parts to the sear, which will cause the cartridge to skip and stop work. This phenomenon is explained by an insufficient impulse of powder gases communicated to the moving parts, due to the increased resistance of the aquatic environment due to the high density of water.

 2. The regulator is in the "Water" position (the maximum amount of gas in the gas chamber is provided).

 When the machine is operated in water with the regulator in the "Water" position, guaranteed operation of the automation is ensured with optimal firing accuracy.

 When the machine is operated in the air with the regulator in the "Water" position, there will be a high speed of the moving parts in the extreme rear position, which will negatively affect the effectiveness of hitting the target and the accuracy of fire, the operating conditions will worsen, the survivability of the product as a whole will decrease, since the speed of rollback of the moving parts in the "Water" position will be significant.

 Therefore, in order to fulfill operational requirements, performance indicators of target destruction and uninterrupted operation of automation, it is necessary when operating the machine to strictly follow the instructions for handling the product, which worsens operating conditions. In addition, technologically, the gas distribution unit is laborious to manufacture.

 All of the above applies to the disadvantages of the product.

 A gas chamber with gas self-regulation is also known, which consists of a body, a cover and a moving piston, i.e. mechanical design of the gas mode is eliminated from the design. The piston has a cylindrical blind hole located along the axis of the piston, and the outlet is perpendicular to the holes with a diameter much smaller than the central one.

 The principle of automatic control in the analogue is based on different velocities of the flow of pressurized gases and water into production environments with different densities.

 The disadvantages of the analogue are as follows: technological difficulties in manufacturing; operational difficulties in cleaning the directional holes with an acceptable possibility of rusting, i.e. corrosion design complexity, i.e. the presence in the gas distribution unit of the gas chamber body, cover, piston, spring.

 A gas chamber, considered as an analogue, cannot be a prototype, since the use of its design features will not allow to fulfill the requirements for ease of use and ease of manufacture.

 The prototype of the invention is a gas chamber for underwater firearms, the design features of which are as follows: in the body of the gas chamber there is a cavity made in the form of a blind hole; a hole is made in the casing wall connecting the cavity of the annular groove with the environment; an annular cavity made at the bottom of a blind hole is bounded by a sleeve; the limiting sleeve is rigidly mounted in the cavity of the gas chamber and has an opening connecting the chamber cavity with the groove cavity; the end face of the sleeve has a protrusion for fixing the gas tube, on which the piston, which is fixedly mounted on the bolt frame, moves.

 The prototype has the following disadvantages: self-unscrewing of the sleeve with intensive automation; inconvenience of cleaning the inner annular groove in the gas chamber body; the need to use an auxiliary tool (drift) to unscrew the sleeve; the possibility of reducing the impulse of the powder gases at the moment of self-unscrewing of the sleeve transmitted to the moving parts, due to the fact that the annular groove located at the bottom of the blind hole is limited by the sleeve. During the firing of the shot, the powder gases during the operation of the automation in the air are vented through the annular groove, and during the operation of the automation in water they are held by the water in the groove and not having time to move the moving parts out of the groove during the transmission of the pulse, thus regulating the gas regime in various environments, what will be observed only with a tight fit of the end face of the sleeve to the end face of the blind hole of the gas chamber; the possibility of violating the regulation of the gas regime during self-unscrewing of the sleeve, since the end of the sleeve is slightly moved away from the end of the blind hole, thereby breaking the closed ring groove, and gases that are not retained by anything, will go through the line of least resistance through the gap formed into the outlet, minus the ring groove .

 The aim of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype and the development of the optimal design of the gas chamber, providing automatic regulation of the gas mode when the automation in environments with different densities.

 The goal is achieved by the following design features: in the gas chamber housing there is a blind hole; on the radial surface of the blind hole a hole is made connecting the blind hole with the cavity of the annular groove; an annular groove is located on the outer surface of the gas chamber body; on the outer surface of the camera body, a sleeve is rigidly fixed, restricting the annular groove, while the end face of the sleeve abuts against the outer surface of the camera body; there is a protrusion on the camera body to accommodate the gas tube; on the body of the gas chamber there is a recess, oppositely located relative to the hole extending into the annular cavity.

 These design features are significant and allowed to approach the creation of a workable machine with improved operating conditions. In the patent, technical and informational literature analogues, discrediting novelty, were not found.

 Through the use of these design features, automatic regulation of the gas regime and interchangeability of parts are ensured, since self-unscrewing of the nut within the permissible limits (on the amount of overlapping by the nut of the chamber body behind the groove) will in no way affect the outflow of gases through the annular groove, and the design performance in the presented variant improves ease of use in terms of cleaning and disassembling, i.e. the groove is on the outer surface, and the nut can be unscrewed by hand when drawing a notch on the outer surface.

 The drawing shows a diagram of the proposed gas chamber, providing automatic control of the gas mode.

 The gas chamber comprises a housing 1, a barrel 2, a sleeve 3, a gas tube 4, a piston 5, a shutter frame 6.

 The proposed design consists of a body 1 of the gas chamber, pressed onto the barrel 2. In the barrel there is a gas outlet a, which is coaxial with the hole b in the body of the gas chamber, which enters the blind cavity c. An annular groove d is made on the outer surface of the chamber body, connected to the blind cavity by an opening e. The annular groove is bounded externally by a sleeve 3 rigidly connected to the chamber body and overlapping the chamber surface behind the groove in 3-4 mm.

 On the camera body there is a sample (in this embodiment, flat) located in the opposite direction relative to the hole connecting the groove with the blind cavity. On the camera body there is a protrusion g for fixing the gas tube 4, which moves the piston 5, rigidly fixed in the frame.

 The principle of operation of the proposed gas chamber is as follows.

 When the striker pricks the cartridge capsule, the gases formed push the bullet out of the barrel bore 2, and part of the gases through the vent holes a and b act through the piston 5 on the moving parts (shutter frame 6).

 When automation works in water, this process occurs as follows.

 Gases under pressure rush into the gas outlet and, falling into the expansion cavity c, act on the piston 5, while part of the gases goes through the hole e into the annular cavity d formed by the chamber body and the sleeve.

 Since the density of water in the annular cavity and the environment is significant compared to the density of powder gases, the gases do not have time to escape into the environment and displace water from the cavity during the movement of the piston through the annular cavity due to the considerable length of the annular cavity. Thus, the annular cavity is considered in this case as a solid body and the maximum momentum of the powder gases is expended on the moving parts.

 When working in air, gases, when the cartridge capsule is pricked, from the gas outlet in the barrel bore enter the expansion chamber, with the main part of the gas acting on the piston, and the other part of the gas leaving the hole e, the annular cavity d and the recess f into the environment, while the annular cavity in this case is a bleed hole, providing the transmission of the necessary impulse to the moving parts.

 The movable parts 6 together with the piston 5 move along the gas pipe 4, reach the extreme rear position and, under the action of the return mechanism (not shown in the drawing), come to the front position, the process is repeated.

 When the frame comes under operating conditions in water to its extreme forward position, the water is displaced by the piston from the expansion chamber, exits through the openings a and b into the bore and through the annular cavity into the environment.

 When sending the cartridge, the water exit from the expansion chamber through the annular cavity into the environment is ensured by the low speed of the moving parts in the extreme forward position.

 Therefore, the proposed gas chamber automatically automatically adjusts the gas mode necessary to ensure automation with the optimal ratio of the cross section of the annular cavity, its length and the size of the outlet.

 Dismantling and cleaning of the proposed gas distribution unit is simple and carried out without the use of auxiliary tools.

 Self-unscrewing of the nut, which takes place during automatic fire, is limited by the size of the assembled parts (boxes, tubes and the body of the gas chamber) and does not exceed 1-2 mm.

 In order to ensure the closure of the annular cavity, the overlapping by the nut of the chamber plane located behind the groove should be, taking into account the above, at least 3-4 mm.

 The design of the gas chamber ensures guaranteed breaking of the cartridge capsule, i.e. It does not create the prerequisites for creating a water plug in the expansion chamber, thereby ensuring the uninterrupted operation of automation in both water and air.

 The design of the gas chamber is simple to manufacture, consists of a housing and a sleeve. To disassemble it, you must use your hand to unscrew the nut, thereby freeing access to the body of the gas chamber.

 The use of the present invention will improve operating conditions, provide interchangeability requirements and provide automatic regulation of the gas mode when working in environments with different densities, i.e. the medium itself, in combination with the design features of the proposed gas chamber, without the participation of the shooter in this process, regulates the gas regime.

Claims (1)

 A GAS CAMERA FOR AN UNDERWATER FIRE-SHOT WEAPON, comprising a housing located on the barrel with a blind hole, an annular groove and a gas cavity connected by a gas outlet to the barrel channel, and gas control elements, characterized in that it has an annular groove passing through a blind hole in the housing is made on the outer surface of the housing, on which a flat recess is also made, forming an opening for connecting the annular groove with the environment, and a limiter is installed on the housing a bushing overlapping along the generatrix of the annular groove and recess.

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