RU198070U1 - Piston automatic reloading device for small arms type AR-15 - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of weapons. A piston-type automatic reloading device for small arms of type AR-15 comprises a gas block housing fixed to the barrel above a transverse through-hole in the barrel, in which a piston is axially displaceable, the control cavity of which at one end communicates with the cavity of the specified hole and the other end used to communicate with the corresponding part of the slide frame. This block is made in the form of a spool three-position element with the outward-facing part used to switch by turning the spool element from one position of the gas distribution to the other, and with a part on the other end made with a seat for installing the piston end and forming a control cavity in front of the piston. The spool element is made in the first position with the possibility of overlapping the transverse through hole in the barrel, in the second position with the possibility of communicating the cavity of the specified hole with the piston control cavity, and in the third position with the possibility of communicating the piston control cavity with the cavity of the specified hole through the channel in which posted an element for changing the bore of this channel. 4 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of weaponry and relates to the design of the mechanism for the operation of automatic weapons reloading, of type AR-15.

For reloading weapons, the AR-15 systems use a scheme for removing powder gases from the barrel directly into the cavity of the bolt frame (the so-called Direct Impingement, hereinafter referred to as DI), which significantly distinguishes these weapons from other systems. On the one hand, such a solution reduces the number of moving parts, while simultaneously allowing them to reduce their mass, which is extremely beneficial for the accuracy of shooting and maintaining its guidance on the target. On the other hand, this increases the pollution of the rifle, since the powder gases enter the bolt frame, carrying soot and high temperature. This is precisely the need to use cartridges with high-quality gunpowder for firing from AR-15.

An analogue of the claimed technical solution is a gas block for the removal of powder gases through a gas pipe to the gate frame (http://www.leapers.com/index.php?act=prod_detail&midx=2137&allids=2131_2132_2137&itemno=MNT-ARMGB01#). The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low reliability when using Russian-made powders that differ in the production standard from European and American. Due to the removal of powder gases directly to the bolt frame, soot settles on the internal components and parts of the weapon, which in turn leads to delays and failures in the operation of the weapon automation. One of the main disadvantages of this technical solution is the impossibility of adjusting the excess pressure of the powder gases acting on the bolt frame, which leads to a deterioration in the accuracy characteristics of the weapon and increased wear of the internal components and mechanisms of the weapon.

Today, there is also a variation of the system for removing powder gases through a gas outlet pipe to the gate frame, where instead of a direct gas outlet, a piston (the so-called Gas Piston) is used as an intermediate element for transferring energy of the powder gases to the gate frame. For example, this is how the German rifles of the Heckler & Koch NK416 (MR223) family or the American Bushmaster ACR are arranged. It is also quite simple to transform an AR-15 rifle with an original DI gas outlet into a “piston” one - you just need to purchase a conversion kit (rework kit) from the American company AdamsArms or similar. On the one hand, the use of a piston circuit reduces pollution, on the other hand, complicates the design, and due to an increase in the total mass of the moving parts, it reduces firing accuracy and increases the barrel toss (Art. "AR-15 Choice: Questions and Answers. Part I", author Taras Oleinik, "WORLD OF HOBBIES: HUNTING AND WEAPONS", No. 1, 2015, posted on the website "WEAPONS AND AMMUNITION" on the Internet at: http://weaponland.ru/publ/vybor_ar_15_voprosy_i_otvety_chast_i/9-1-0-1942).

The AR-15 gas DI system is distinguished by the location of the gas port and the length of the gas pipe depending on the length of the barrel of the weapon. There are four varieties: from the shortest “pistol” and the more common “carbine” to the “intermediate” and “rifle”. The longer the gas system of the weapon, the lower the pressure in it - and the easier it is to achieve reliable operation of automation for ammunition of various types.

This type includes a piston automatic reloading device for small arms like AR-15, which is a gas unit with a piston system for removing powder gases from the barrel of a weapon (see the Adams Arms website, Piston Kit - Standard Picatinny Block piston group, address : https://www.adamsarms.net/piston-kit-standard-block, found).

This source describes a piston-type automatic reloading device for small arms of the AR-15 type, comprising a gas block mounted on a barrel above a transverse through-hole in the barrel of a gas block housing in which a piston is arranged for axial movement, the control cavity of which is connected at one end thereof with a cavity of the indicated hole, and the other end is used to communicate with the corresponding part of the bolt frame (see Art. "Ar-15 Self-Loading Rifles for Civilian Use", author Maxim Popenker, 2012, posted on the website of Modern Firearms on the Internet in free access at: https://modernfirearms.net/en/sivilian-rifled/ssha-grazhdanskoe-nareznoe/vintovki-tipa-ar-15/ (scan of the article is attached) This is a well-known decision made as a prototype.

In a rifle with a gas piston, when gas enters the unit, it is used to divert the piston back to the nozzle of the shutter frame. There is no hole in the nozzle. Instead, the nozzle is a solid block, on which the piston rod presses. Then all the gas is discharged to the outside, so that the internal parts of the mechanism remain very clean and do not heat up. Theoretically, thus, their wear is reduced. This device completely eliminates the emission of hot gases saturated with carbon oxides in the receiver and eliminates their impact on the shutter.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the inability to adjust the excess pressure of the powder gases on the piston acting on the bolt frame, which leads to a deterioration in the accuracy of the characteristics of the weapon, increased wear of the internal components and mechanisms of the weapon. The issue of adjusting or reducing the pressure of the powder gases acting on the piston to the type or type of cartridge acquires a significant character because of the possibility of changing arms of type AR-15 under a different cartridge (taking into account the barrel change if the chamber socket does not correspond to the cartridge type used). In addition to a large selection of cartridges, rifles of the AR-15 type have the widest range of barrel lengths (usually from 16 to 24 inches - from 40 to 60 cm) and their profiles (“lightweight”, “medium”, “heavy match”, etc. .).

The early versions of civilian rifles, created by type Ar-15, did not differ much from the basic army system, and usually had the same caliber. 223 / 5.56 mm. In the eighties, the .22LR small-caliber cartridge (5.6 mm rimfire) appeared in the range of calibers, for the use of which special adapters are placed in the chamber and the magazine of a regular rifle, as well as pistol cartridges of 9 mm and 45ACP calibers, for the use of which separate top receiver modules were produced (upper receiver) and adapters for stores. In the future, ammunition such as the Soviet 7.62 × 39 and its modern western counterpart .300 AAC Blackout / 300 Whisper, improved intermediate cartridges 6.8 Remington SPC and 6.5 Grendel, and a whole series were added to the range of calibers available in Ar-15 type weapons. more or less common calibers. In addition, as early as the late 1990s and the beginning of the 21st century, several specially designed large-caliber cartridges (caliber over 11 mm), such as the 450 Bushmaster, .458 SOCOM, .499 LWR or .50 Beowulf, were added to this line of calibers. These cartridges are designed to increase the stopping and lethal action of a rifle at short and medium ranges, and in appropriate equipment suitable for hunting medium and some large game. Cartridges of this type usually have bullets weighing 20-25 grams and sometimes even more, with a muzzle energy of more than 3000 J (see Art. "Ar-15 self-loading rifles for civilian use," by Maxim Popenker, 2012, posted on the website " Modern Firearms "on the Internet in free access at: https://modernfirearms.net/en/sivilian-rifled/ssha-grazhdanskoe-nareznoe/vintovki-tipa-ar-15).

The technical result of the utility model is the ability to adjust the excess pressure that occurs when the powder gases are removed from the bore to match this pressure with the pressure necessary to recharge under the type of cartridge used.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in the piston device of automatic reloading for small arms of type AR-15, comprising a gas block housing fixed to the barrel above the transverse through hole in the barrel, in which the piston is located with the possibility of axial movement, the control cavity of which is at one end thereof communicated with the cavity of the specified hole, and the other end is connected with the corresponding part of the shutter frame, the gas block is made in the form of a spool three-position element with the outward part used to switch by turning the spool element from one position of the gas distribution to another, and with a part on the other end, made with a landing socket for mounting the end of the piston and forming a control cavity in front of the piston, wherein the spool element is made in the first position with the possibility of overlapping the transverse through hole in the barrel, in the second position with the possibility of communicating the cavity of the specified hole with the ramming cavity of the piston, and in the third position, with the possibility of communicating the control cavity of the piston with the cavity of the specified hole through the channel in which the adjustment element of the passage section of this channel is located.

These features are significant and interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present utility model is illustrated by a concrete example of execution, which, however, is not the only possible one, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the required technical result.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the forearm along the line of the piston mechanism;

FIG. 2 - location of the element for changing the passage section of the channel in the gas block;

FIG. 3 - section through the gas block;

FIG. 4 - position of the fixing element.

According to the claimed utility model, the design of a piston automatic reloading device for small arms of the AR-15 type is considered.

The piston-type automatic reloading device for small arms of type AR-15 comprises a gas unit 2 mounted on the barrel 1 above the transverse through hole in the barrel, in which the piston 3 is arranged for axial movement, the control cavity 4 of which is connected to the cavity of the specified hole at one end thereof and the other end is used for communication with the corresponding part 5 of the shutter frame (Fig. 1).

When the removal of powder gases from the channel of the barrel 1 of the weapon, the powder gases create pressure in the body 2 of the gas block, while the gases penetrate into the control cavity and act on the piston 3, which moves along the barrel line and in turn acts on part 5 of the bolt frame, fixed on the bolt frame with screws 6 and pin 7. The piston 3 returns to its original position when the overpressure in the control cavity drops due to the action of the spring 8 on the piston, fixed with the sleeve 9 (one end of the spring, dressed on the piston, abuts the piston, and the other, into the bushing, the movement of which towards the bolt frame part 5 is limited by the bushing stop in the barrel nut or other bolt box part. A steel bushing 10 is also installed in the barrel box, which acts as a guide for the piston during its movement.

A feature of the implementation of the claimed utility model is that the gas block is made in the form of a three-position distributor of gas flow coming from the barrel of a weapon when fired and used to reload the weapon ..

As shown in FIG. 1 and 3, the gas block is made in the form of a spool three-position element 11 located in the housing 2 with the outward-facing part 12 (head) used to switch by turning the spool element from one position of the gas distribution to another.

The part of the three-position element 11 located on the other end is made with a seating socket for mounting the end of the piston and forming a control cavity 4 in front of the piston. It does not matter how this socket is formed under the piston. For example, in FIG. 1 shows that the spool element is made with an extension, and the piston covers this extension, while a control cavity is formed between the end wall of the extension and the bottom of the piston. Alternatively, in the extension of the spool element or in the spool element itself, a blind hole can be made from the end side into which the end part of the piston is inserted. The control cavity in this case is formed inside the spool element.

Due to the rotation (when acting on the head - the outer part 12), the spool element can be in three positions. In the first position, the lateral through hole in the barrel is overlapped, in the second position, the hole cavity in the barrel is communicated with the piston control cavity, and in the third position, the piston control cavity is communicated with the hole cavity in the barrel through the channel in which the element for changing the passage section of this channel.

In this particular solution, shown in FIG. 1 and 3, the gas block is made in the form of a compact unit, fixed to the barrel 2 by means of clamp clips with bolts 13. The brought out part 12 of the spool element is made in the form of a round handle (with corrugation on the outer surface). In each of the three selected positions, the spool element 11 is fixed by a lock consisting of a sleeve or pin 14, preloaded by a spring 15 and secured against falling out by a lock washer 16 (see callout in Fig. 1). In fact, this latch is a spring latch with or without ball, triggered by pressure or force exceeding the spring force in it. Thus, to transfer the spool element from one position to another, the user exerts a turning force on the handle that exceeds the force of the preloaded spring 15. The latch leaves the thrust hole and the spool element rotates to a new position.

The spool element allows one of three automatic operation modes to be set: without the removal of powder gases from the barrel bore, with the removal of powder gases from the barrel bore without adjusting the overpressure through the channel 17, with the removal of powder gases from the barrel bore with the adjustment of the overpressure through the channel 18.

In the channel 18, the adjustment is carried out by turning the screw 19, the rotation of which changes the cross-sectional area in the hole of the channel 18. The screw 19 is fixed from unscrewing when exposed to vibrational loads during the operation of the weapon by the pin 20.

This design of the gas block allows you to use almost the entire arsenal of cartridges. For example, when using 9 mm Luger pistol cartridges, an AR-15 type weapon can be used for single shots without the use of a gas exhaust mechanism for reloading (Art. Combining. AR-15 9 mm Luger caliber from Hera Arms, posted on the Kalashnikov website ", September 2019, written by Stefan Menge (Translated by Nikolai Yezhov). For this case, the user puts the spool element in a position in which the outlet of the through hole of the barrel is blocked, which excludes the removal of powder gases from the bore of the barrel. The exit of all gases to the outside occurs through the muzzle of the barrel.

When using a wide range of standard cartridges, the user moves the spool element to a position in which the outlet of the barrel through hole is in communication with the control cavity through channel 17 (i.e., without adjusting the bore) Part of the powder gases leaves the barrel through hole and enters the control cavity, exerts pressure on the end face of the piston and moves it, overcoming the force of the spring. A part of the slide frame is moving. The remainder of the powder gases goes out through the muzzle of the barrel. When the pressure in the control cavity drops, the force of the compressed spring on the piston begins to exceed the pressure at the end of the piston, and the piston returns to its original position, while on the way back part of the bolt frame directs the cartridge into the chamber and reloads. This mode is used for standard types of cartridges: the Soviet counterpart 7.62 × 39, the western counterpart 300 AAC Blackout / .300 Whisper, improved intermediate cartridges 6.8 Remington SPC and 6.5 Grendel.

The third position of the spool element is the removal of powder gases from the bore of the barrel with the adjustment of overpressure along channel 18. The fact is that for reloading weapons of the AR-15 type it is enough to generate pressure in the control cavity, which can not exceed the spring force much 8. Reloading takes place due to the displacement of the piston, and for its displacement, it is sufficient that there is a positive pressure difference at the end of the piston and on the spring. The magnitude of this difference does not provide reloading, but the reloading speed, and then to a certain limit. The limit is understood to mean such a high pressure that cannot be extinguished by natural gas removal from the control cavity through the through hole in the barrel (at high pressure, this hole begins to work as a throttle - resistance to gas outflow). But the capabilities of weapons like the AR-15 make it possible to use large-caliber ammunition such as .50 Bushmaster, .458 SOCOM, .499 LWR or .50 Beowulf for destruction purposes. The use of cartridges of this caliber requires a change in the bore of the channel 18 with the aim, using the function of the through hole in the barrel as a throttle resistance, to ensure that exactly the same amount of gas under pressure enters the control cavity of the piston that is sufficient to overcome the force of the spring 8. The remaining gases are discharged out through the muzzle trunk cut.

If you do not use adjustment for the large-caliber type of cartridges, then when fired in the control cavity, an excessively large gas pressure with a long period of attenuation (exit) is formed. This leads to a slowdown in the process of reloading weapons (increased temporary pauses between shots).

The operation of the prototype confirmed the influence of a set of essential features on the achieved technical result: the possibility of using three modes, in one of which it is possible to adjust the overpressure when removing the powder gases from the barrel bore, and in turn, adjust the piston's impact force on the weapon reload mechanism, thereby increasing resource of moving parts and assemblies.

The utility model is new, since the entire set of features is not known from the prior art, given in the corresponding section of the description, as well as industrially applicable in the used technical field.

Claims (1)

A piston-type automatic reloading device for small arms of type AR-15, comprising a gas block housing mounted on a barrel above a transverse through-hole in the barrel, in which a piston is arranged for axial movement, the control cavity of which at one end is in communication with the cavity of the specified hole and the other the end is used for communication with the corresponding part of the shutter frame, characterized in that the gas unit is made in the form of a spool three-position element with the outward part used to switch by turning the spool element from one position of the gas distribution to another, and with a part on the other end made with a seat for mounting the end of the piston and forming a control cavity in front of the piston, wherein the spool element is made in the first position with the possibility of overlapping the transverse through hole in the barrel, in the second position with the possibility of communicating the cavity of the specified hole with the control cavity y of the piston, and in the third position, with the possibility of communicating the control cavity of the piston with the cavity of the specified hole through the channel in which the element for changing the passage section of this channel is located.

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