RU2044929C1 - Method of cleaning supercharging turbo-compressor of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: compressed air is pumped through the labyrinth passageway and washing solution at 80-85°C is fed by turns. The device has tank for washing solution. The tank and turbo-compressor define a closed- loop circuit having supplying branch pipe for connecting with the outer autonomous source of compressed air and discharging branch pipe for connecting with the labyrinth passageway of the seal of the turbo-compressor rotor. The protecting shell has an opening and is inclined to the longitudinal axis at 30-50°. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to energy and can be used to clean turbochargers of diesel locomotives during their maintenance and repair in a locomotive depot.

A known method of reducing deposits in the flow part of the compressor by supplying a working fluid with a liquid additive in the form of a slightly alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide [1]
However, this method is time-consuming and has a rather high cleaning cost.

A known method of cleaning a turbocharger, including the supply of a washing solution under excess pressure and pumping the labyrinth channel of the rotor of a turbocharger of a diesel engine [2]
This method does not have a sufficiently high efficiency due to the low sensitivity of the heated bimetallic plate with significant differences in operating temperatures, which leads to the low-tech application.

A device for cleaning the front labyrinth seal of the impeller of a turbocompressor, comprising a supply pipe and a reciprocating installation of a distribution pipe with holes for supplying a washing solution, in which hinges with nozzles are installed, and the holes of the supply pipe are C-shaped [3]
This device is complex in design and requires additional special equipment and high qualification of repair personnel during repair.

The closest known from its technical essence is the method of cleaning a turbocharger for boosting an internal combustion engine selected as a prototype, which includes cyclic supply of a directed stream of compressed air with alternating supply of washing solution. A device for cleaning a turbocharger of a boost contains a container for a washing solution having a nozzle for supplying compressed air from an external source and a nozzle for removing the washing solution in communication with the place of supply of the solution to the turbocharger [4]
The indicated technical solution is also characterized by a relatively low efficiency and insufficient degree of purification, which determine the inefficiency and low technological quality of the cleaning process.

 The purpose of the invention is to improve the processability of cleaning and reliability.

 Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a 4TK turbocharger installed on diesel locomotives of the M and TEP-60 series; figure 2 is a simplified diagram of a turbocharger of a diesel locomotive 2TE10; in Fig.3 the shell of the labyrinth seal of the rotor of the turbocompressor; figure 4 section aa in figure 3; figure 5 capacity for a washing solution; Fig.6 pipeline connecting fittings; in Fig.7 a fragment of the proposed device in Fig.1; on Fig scallops of labyrinths on a shaft.

 In turbochargers of diesel diesel engines during long-term operation, heavy fractions of unburnt fuel vapor, oil, which together with soot substances form a thick mixture, accumulate. This mixture, falling into the labyrinths and on the blades of the turbine wheel and the guide apparatus, settles on them, and the presence of the temperature of the exhaust gases from the working diesel engine gradually removes the remaining volatile substances from the mixture. The mixture accumulates and gradually becomes in the form of a solid tar, preventing the free rotation of the turbocompressor rotor. The speed of the latter is reduced, the air supply to the diesel engine is deteriorating, and as a result, the exhaust gas blackens and carbon formation increases. To remove accumulated resins and soot from hard-to-reach spots of the turbocharger, it is necessary to expose them to a working medium that can remove and free the turbocharger rotor from these deposits.

 A device for cleaning a turbocharger of a boost contains a cylindrical shell 3 mounted on the shaft 1 of the rotor 2 of the turbocharger, the open end and the inner surface of which form an end face 5 and an annular gap 6 respectively connected with the inner cavity of the protected assembly and the labyrinth channel 7 of the rotor 2 of the turbocompressor seal .

A device for cleaning a turbocharger is equipped with a tank 8 for washing solution, forming a closed system with a turbocharger, having a supply pipe 9 for connecting to an external autonomous source of compressed air, for example, a main air duct of a heat pipe (not shown), and a discharge pipe 10 for connecting to a labyrinth channel 7 of the seal of the rotor 2 of the turbocharger by means of the adapter pipe 11, and the cylindrical shell 3 is made with impeller holes 12 located along a helix with standing step and an inclination angle of 30-50 to the longitudinal axis ^of which allows the cleaning solution supplied from different angles, and the most efficient to fill the annular slot 6, and arranged with respect to the rotor 2 of the turbocharger 13 with the technological gap.

Capacity 8 for the washing solution is made in the form of a welded construction tank with a working pressure of up to 6 kg / cm ² , which is installed close to the turbocharger in a diesel room and is equipped with five typical plug valves 14 forming the control unit, as well as a control gauge 15 screwed into the plug 16 necks, and flowmeter glass 17. To connect the tank with the turbocharger are rubber-fabric connecting hoses 18 and connecting fittings 19.

 As a washing solution, XC-2M powder can be used, which is a mechanical mixture based on inorganic salts of sodium, sodium metasilicate, sodium tripolyphosphate, soda ash and surfactants, white or light yellow, readily soluble in water.

To prepare the cleaning solution must have a tank capacity of 50 liters (not shown) which is filled with 2/3 heated to 50-60 ^{° C} and water-2M powder MS calculated 80-100 g per liter of water. The washing solution is stirred until the powder is completely dissolved. Before use, the temperature of the mixture is raised to 90 ^about C.

 A method of cleaning a turbocharger boost and the operation of the device is as follows.

Preliminarily, an end air hose is connected to the inlet pipe 9 of the tank 8 with the washing solution for supplying compressed air from the main air path of the diesel locomotive (not shown), while the air pressure is set at 6 kg / cm ² with the driver’s crane and rubber-fabric connecting hoses 18 and connecting fittings 19 connect the tank 8 to the turbocharger.

They start the diesel engine without load, i.e. in idle mode, setting temperature of the water and oil in the range of 50-70 ^{° C} and poured into the tank 8 to the upper washing liquid level controlled by the glass flow 17.

 Open the cork taps on the inlet 9 and outlet 10 pipes of the tank 8, alternately opening the other cork taps 14 for supplying washing liquid to the turbocharger. The diesel engine must work with washing liquid filled into the labyrinth channel 7 of the rotor 2 of the turbocharger 2 for at least 30 minutes.

 To pump the labyrinth channel 7, a cork valve on the inlet pipe 9 is opened, an air cork valve for releasing compressed air from the tank 8 and one of the cork valves 14 on the connecting hose 18, while air under operating pressure enters the labyrinth channel 7 through the adapter pipe 11 into the labyrinth channel 7 , from there on it enters the blades of the guide vane and turbine wheel and is released into the atmosphere. At the same time, the washing liquid enters the air stream by briefly opening the cork tap of the outlet pipe 10, forming a directed pneumohydraulic flow that moves along a helical line. After a short opening, this valve is closed, pausing for 15-20 s, after which the purging and pumping of the labyrinth channel 7 are cyclically alternated. The process continues for up to 15 minutes. On a two-section diesel locomotive, the specified cleaning process is continued for up to 2 hours.

 The rotational speed of the turbocompressor rotor and air pressurization as a result of the maintenance performed, as a rule, reach their nominal (passport) value.

The XC-2M detergent is effective in washing oily contaminations that have thickened with soot from products of incomplete combustion of diesel fuel and oil. Purification labyrinth channel and the internal parts of the turbocharger is made of liquid-air stream pressurized to 6 kg / cm ² at a temperature of the washing liquid to 80-85 ^{° C} and can be quite easily automated.

 To obtain the maximum effect from the application of the proposed method for cleaning a turbocharger of a boost, especially on turbochargers operating for a long time without repair, it is possible to recommend preliminary washing with kerosene of the internal cavities of the turbocharger, after which they are effectively cleaned according to the above technology in compliance with the established safety rules.

 The application of this method and device provides an improvement in the air supply of a diesel locomotive, eliminates increased smoke exhaust and increased fuel consumption due to intense carbon formation in the turbocharger, which ultimately increases the service life and reduces material costs for operation and repair as a whole.

Claims (2)

1. A method of cleaning a turbocharger of a pressurization of an internal combustion engine, comprising cyclic supply of a directed stream of compressed air with alternating supply of a washing solution, characterized in that the washing solution is supplied at a temperature of 80-85 ^{° C.} when the engine is idling. 2. A device for cleaning a turbocharger of a pressurization of an internal combustion engine, containing a container for a washing solution, having a nozzle for supplying compressed air from an external source and a branch pipe for removing the washing solution in communication with a place for supplying the solution to the turbocompressor, characterized in that the device has a turbocharger rotor mounted on the shaft to shroud clearance, the surface of which is uniformly provided with holes circumferentially angled 30-50 ^o to the longitudinal axis, the outlet pipe communicates with from ERSTU for feeding solution into the gap between the shell and shaft.

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