RU2042887C1 - Gas flowing domestic water heater - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat engineering. SUBSTANCE: water heater has branch pipes for discharging and supplying fluid and passageway for supplying power carrier, casing, unit-cock 14, gas burner 12 with ignitor 13, heat exchanger 11, automatic system, and extensible unit. The side walls of the casing are provided with horizontal shutter openings, the rear wall of the housing being carrier. The extensible device is made up as two parts. The top part is made up as rectangular umbrella 7 covering the casing from above, neck, and spring locks 8 arranged on the front and back sides. The bottom part is made up as rectangular skirt 9 lesser in sizes than the umbrella. The skirt encloses the top part of heat exchanger 11. The skirt and umbrella 7 define passageways for flowing air on the sides. Passages for flowing combustion products are made in sides of skirt 9 over its periphery. The irradiator is mounted inside the reflector constructed as caps received one into the other and defining closed space with spring tabs at the end section of the caps convex parts of which faces downward. Pan 15 is mounted at the bottom part of the casing on flanges of its walls. The pan is made up as tree parts which are interconnected by way of the tabs entering the slots. One of the front pipes of the burner is shortened. The ignitor is provided with piping branches of different lengths. The ends of the pipes are axially alined and one above the other. The top end of the ignitor is opposite to the shortened pipes of the burner, is plugged-in, and provided with side openings. The bottom part is fattened out and provided with box shield and heat-bimetal plate for actuating the small gas valve positioned inside the unit-cock. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to gas appliances, in particular to the design of stationary gas instantaneous water heaters designed to heat running network water with the possibility of its simultaneous analysis (selection) in the bathroom, shower device and wash basin, and can be widely used in the production of domestic water heaters as in specialized factories as well as small enterprises and factories of other departments (especially in the conversion process).

 Flowing water heaters in the former USSR were produced in accordance with GOST 19910-72 and were classified according to the heat load into three groups. The main model at the present time is a device with a rated heat load of at least 18,000 kcal / h, which can only be used with the removal of combustion products into the chimney. The main components of such a flow-through water heater are a burner device with a pilot, a heat exchanger consisting of a main chamber, a heater and coils of cold and hot water, a gas outlet-zone for exhausting combustion products, an automatic control system for monitoring the operation of a water heater, branch pipes and a supply of a working fluid (running water) and a channel for supplying energy (natural gas).

 Known gas flowing domestic water heater type KGI-56 [1] is a casing mounted on a wall in which all the main components are mounted. It contains branch pipes for removing and supplying a working fluid (water), a channel for supplying energy (gas), a heat exchanger, a block crane with a safety automation system that does not fully meet the requirements of GOST, a device for removing combustion products (gas probe) and a gas burner with a pilot lamp.

 The device is designed to burn natural gas and has a heat load of 20,000-21,000 kcal / h. The heat exchanger has a heater, a developed fire chamber and a single-entry coil. The heater is located in the upper part of the heat exchanger, made of double-row of copper plates. The block crane is made of cast brass (or aluminum alloy) and consists of two parts: the upper (gas) one, including the pilot burner valve, the main burner valve and automation elements, and the lower one, which is a water unit with two cavities, a supra-membrane and a sub-membrane.

 The control of the water heater is semi-automatic. Turning the burner and igniter on and off manually, controlling the degree of heating (heating) of water can be carried out from the taps or by switching on / off the main burner manually.

 The combustion products received in the fire chamber of the heat exchanger and passed through the air heater to the gas probe of the exhaust system of the combustion products are discharged into the chimney, and the operation of the burner device is regulated by a block valve and a system of automatic devices (gas shutdown in the absence of water pressure).

 It is simple in design, reliable in operation and quite convenient in operation and repair, but inferior to other types of instantaneous water heaters in the longevity of the burner and radiator.

The objective of the known technical solution was to develop a cheap easy-to-use water heater with a relatively low efficiency (up to 80%) and productivity (at t ^o C of water 25 and 50 ^about 0.6 and 0.36 m ³ / h, respectively), accessible to the mass consumer .

Common signs with the water heater proposed by the authors are the presence of branch pipes for supplying and supplying a working fluid and a channel for supplying an energy carrier, a casing, a heat exchanger, a safety automation system with a traction control device, a block crane, a device for removing combustion products (gas probe) and a gas burner with a pilot light. Such constructive arrangement of the heater leads it to a low efficiency (80%), low productivity water heated to 25 ^{° C} and 50 (0.6 and 0.36 m ³ / h, respectively), considerable dimensions and weight, the fragility of the gas burner and heat exchanger. The water heater is out of date.

 All this together limits its operational capabilities, reduces its reliability and leads to a significant lag in the main indicators from the world level.

 Its disadvantages include the absence of traction control during operation, the gas supply to the ignition nozzle being interrupted or reduced, the ignition system retarder not working clearly and the gas burner is not centered when it is installed in the fire chamber, etc.

A number of water heaters are partially deprived of this drawback, for example, the VPG-18 unified water heater, the Polish water heaters PG-4, PG-5, etc., exported to the CIS. They have slightly higher efficiency (up to 85%), performance at a temperature of heated water up to 25 and 50 ^o With 1.0 and 0.4 m ³ / h, respectively, less weight and dimensions.

 They are largely similar to the domestic water heater KGI-56, but they have some differences, for example, in the burner, ignition system and other components and elements.

Currently known gas flowing domestic water heater PG-5 made in Poland, adopted as a prototype. For deliveries to the CIS countries, it has been brought into compliance with the requirements of the Union GOSTs [2]
It includes branch pipes for supplying and supplying a working fluid and an energy supply channel, a casing, a heat exchanger, a safety automatics system with a traction control device, a block crane, a device for removing combustion products (gas probe), a gas burner with a pilot light and an ignition moderator. Its burner is multi-sectional, stamped, and the heat exchanger is equipped with a double-row heater and a double-coil coil on the fire chamber.

 The crane block has a vertical gas valve, and the water unit has water inlet and outlet through channels built into the unit, connected by overflows and a membrane cavity.

 The combustion retardant is built into the overflow of the supramembrane cavity; a bimetallic valve of the flame sensor is located above the block valve itself.

 The water heater type PG-5 is in many respects similar to the domestic water heater type KGI-56. Therefore, along with some advantages, it, like a KGI-56 type water heater, has a number of disadvantages.

 It is also simple and reliable in operation, operation and repair, durable in operation and its burner and heat exchanger.

The object of the known technical solutions provide a simple circulating water heater with a high efficiency (up to 85%) and significant water capacity (up to 25 t and 50 ^{° C} respectively 12 and 6 L / min), small dimensions and weight.

 Common signs with the water heater proposed by the authors is the presence of a casing having rear, front and side walls, water inlet and outlet pipes, a gas supply channel, a block valve, a gas burner with horizontal tubes and an igniter, a heat exchanger connected to an exhaust device for removing gas combustion products , as well as automation systems.

 In contrast to the prototype, in the proposed heater, the side walls of the casing in the connection zone of the heat exchanger with the exhaust device have horizontal louvres, and the rear wall of the casing has vertical louvres in the said area, as well as longitudinal side flanges and a central longitudinal V-shaped rib and is equipped with by its height, brackets for attaching the heat exchanger and exhaust device, the latter having two tiers, the upper of which is made in the form of a rectangular umbrella with it is located on the upper part of the casing, and the lower tier is made in the form of a rectangular skirt smaller than an umbrella of size, covering the upper part of the heat exchanger, forming side channels of cold air passage with an umbrella and equipped with a latch in contact with latches, while inside the skirt there is a reflector made in the form of bowls directed convexly downward and concentrically placed one in the other with the formation of a closed cavity, which is equipped with a cut spring lobes and the housing wall in its lower part made flare, and which is placed a pallet made of three parts joined together by means of beams, included in the slot.

 In addition, one of the burner tubes is shortened and is located with a gap relative to the front wall of the casing, and the igniter has two tubular branches of different lengths, the ends of which are placed coaxially one above the other, the upper end of the igniter plugged, made with side holes and placed in the aforementioned gap between the shortened tube of the burner and the front wall of the casing, and the lower end is equipped with a box-shaped screen and a thermo-bimetallic plate regulating the gas supply.

 The purpose of the invention is the creation of an economical water heater that is safe to operate and convenient to operate with higher technical indicators: in terms of efficiency, productivity, dimensions and weight, as well as to increase comfort, namely to ensure simplicity and speed of assembly and disassembly, to lower the temperature of the casing walls and reducing the pollution of gas combustion products both inside and outside the water heater.

 The proposed water heater has several advantages over the prototype.

 Thus, a change in the design of the casing made it possible to improve the gas-dynamic processes occurring in the fire chamber and above it, and thereby increase the use of the thermal power of the burner, its efficiency, stabilize the combustion process, and reduce its noise. This is achieved due to the fact that the rectangular pipe formed by the details of the casing, inside which the gas is burned in the heat exchanger due to the presence of air suction through the louvre openings in various but well-defined places of the rear and side walls, allows you to create a laminar, directed from the bottom up, air flow with sufficient oxygen content for combustion.

 The suction of air (oxygen) through the blinds of the rear wall is reliably ensured by its U-shaped and V-shaped rib in its middle.

 Due to this wall shape, air flows freely to the louvre openings from bottom to top between the apartment wall and the rear wall of the water heater. In this case, the V-shaped rib improves the uniformity of the air flow over the entire width of the wall, eliminates its bending when exposed to temperature from the side of the fire chamber, thereby maintaining the cross section of the flow constant.

Furthermore, during intense cold air between the wall and the rear wall of the suspension significantly reduces its temperature ^(to 20 ° C, in the prior art 80 ° ^C), thereby minimizing the risk of fire, which is particularly important in individual wooden houses.

 The execution of the exhaust device in two tiers due to the intensive intake of air around the entire perimeter of the skirt, but mainly from the rear through the vertical louvre openings of the rear wall, ensures the completeness of afterburning of the oxides formed in the fire chamber directly above the heat exchanger under the rectangular skirt, covering it from above.

 The second tier of the exhaust device due to the suction of cold air under the exhaust umbrella on its sides through horizontal louvre openings in the side walls of the casing provides cooling of the hot gases generated during the combustion process.

 The design of the reflector in the form of two cups placed one in the other, forming a closed air cavity, prevents direct contact of hot gases with cold air and the formation of condensate from water vapor generated during the combustion of natural gas. Condensate entering the radiator of the heat exchanger is highly undesirable, as it leads to soot formation, clogging of the radiator and a sharp deterioration in the process of burning gas in the fire chamber.

 At the same time, the design of the reflector ensures the collection of condensate in the upper part of the reflector.

 The appearance of condensate above the upper reflector bowl occurs in rare cases, as a rule with a non-working water heater and sharp fluctuations in temperature in the chimney due to atmospheric processes. Moreover, a larger amount of condensate cannot be collected in this bowl if the water heater will work often enough, because due to the heating of the cups with hot hot gases and the resulting vacuum over the bowl, the condensate formed will evaporate intensively.

 In addition, the presence of spring latches on the hood of the exhaust device and clips on the skirt, as well as spring tabs on the cut of the cups, makes the design of the exhaust device quick-release, convenient both in maintenance and in production (welding is almost excluded in production, all parts are stamped).

 The design of the igniter increases the reliability of the ignition of the burner, reduces the likelihood of the extinction of the igniter flame with strong traction and sudden fluctuations in air.

 A certain proportion of comfort is provided by the supply of a water heater with a pallet.

 In addition to the collection of contaminants, it also carries a functional load when forming a laminar outgoing air flow inside the casing.

 At the same time, its construction of three parts, fastened together by means of petals entering the slots, makes it possible to supply water and gas pipelines to the block crane both vertically from below and from the suspension wall.

 Thus, the design of the water heater proposed by the authors will generally improve comfort and ensure a more rational use of the thermal power of the gas burner, increase heat production without changing the thermal power of the burner, and significantly reduce the heating temperature of the casing.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in a gas flowing domestic water heater containing a casing having a rear, front and side walls, water supply and exhaust pipes, a gas supply channel, a block valve, a gas burner with horizontal tubes and an igniter, a heat exchanger connected to exhaust device for exhausting gas combustion products, as well as an automation system; according to the invention, therein, the side walls of the casing in the connection zone of the heat exchanger with the exhaust device have horizontal louvre openings, and the rear wall of the casing has vertical louvre openings in the said area, as well as longitudinal side flanges and a central longitudinal V-shaped rib and is equipped with brackets arranged along its height for mounting the heat exchanger and exhaust device, the latter having two tiers, the upper of which is made in the form of a rectangular umbrella with a neck and spring protection at the bottom on the front and rear sides and is located in the upper part of the casing, and the lower tier is made in the form of a rectangular skirt smaller than an umbrella of size, covering the upper part of the heat exchanger, forming side channels of cold air passage with an umbrella, and latches in contact with the latches, this reflector is installed inside the skirt, made in the form of bowls directed convex part down and concentrically placed one in the other with the formation of a closed cavity, which is equipped with spring petals on the cut, and the skin walls ha in its lower parts are flanged in which is placed a pallet made of three parts joined together by means of beams, included in the slot.

 One of the burner tubes is made shortened and located with a gap relative to the front wall of the casing, and the igniter has two tubular branches of different lengths, the ends of which are placed coaxially one above the other, the upper end of the igniter plugged, made with side holes and placed in the said gap between the shortened tube burner and the front wall of the casing, and the lower end is equipped with a box-shaped screen and a thermobimetal plate regulating the gas supply.

 All the above signs allow you to solve the problem.

 The analysis of the prior art for all types of available sources of information showed that the invention does not explicitly follow from the prior art and, therefore, it can be concluded that its criterion is “inventive step”.

 These signs are sufficient in all cases to which the requested amount of legal protection applies.

 It is this that allows us to conclude that there is a causal relationship between the totality of the essential features of the proposed technical solution and the achieved technical result.

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed water heater, front view; figure 2 is the same side view; figure 3 is a view along arrow A in figure 2; figure 4 is a view along arrow B in figure 2; figure 5 section BB in figure 1; in Fig.6 view along arrow G in Fig.1.

 Gas instantaneous domestic water heater is a casing fixed to the wall by means of two brackets 1, consisting of front 2, shortened rear 3 and two side left 4 and right 5 walls. On top of the casing is closed by a cover 6, under which there is an exhaust device consisting of an upper umbrella 7 with four latches 8 and a lower skirt 9 with four locking recesses 10 in contact with the latches 8. Inside the casing, a heat exchanger 11 with a radiator in the upper part is fixed, burner 12, ignitor 13, block crane 14, pallet 15 and automation system 16. Two control knobs (handles) 18 connected to block crane 14 by ignitor 13 and gas valve of block crane 14. are placed in the slot 17 of the front wall 2 of the casing 14. Using tubes 19 block crane 14 is connected to t the heat exchanger 11. Gas and water from the pipeline enter the block valve 14 through the nozzles 20.

 The pallet 15 includes a bearing part 21 and is provided with petals 22. The front wall 2 of the casing is worn on the side walls 4 and 5 and secured to them with nuts 23.

 To ignite the ignitor 13, a hole 24 is cut in the front wall 2 of the casing.

 On the side walls 4 and 5 of the casing, shutters 25 are made. For connection to the chimney, the exhaust device is provided with a neck 26.

 The rear wall 3 is made in a U-shape (see also Fig. 6) with a V-shaped rib 27 in the middle along the entire height, and in its upper part there are vertical louvre holes 28 and suspension holes 29 cut in stamped conical recesses.

 The ignitor 13 of the burner 12 is a structure (figure 4) of two tubes interconnected by welding. One of the tubes 30 is made straight vertical, flattened at the top, has a hole 31 in the lower part for air intake, and a tube 32 is welded to the middle part, bent along an arc of a circle so that its upper end is aligned with and above the tube 30. Moreover, it is plugged and provided with side openings 33.

 On the upper part of the vertical tube of the igniter 13, a box-shaped screen 34 is put on, covering the lower flame of the igniter 13 in front, and a thermobimetallic curved plate 35 for activating the small gas valve located in the block valve 14.

 The igniter 13 is installed so that the upper end of its upper branch is located above the tubes of the burner 12, and the upper end of its lower branch is lower than these tubes. Moreover, to accommodate the upper branch, one of the tubes 36 of the burner 12 is made shortened.

 The exhaust device (Fig. 5) is prefabricated and consists of a rectangular umbrella 7 with a neck 26 at the top and with four spring latches 8 at the bottom on the front and rear sides and a rectangular skirt 9 that is smaller in circumference than umbrella 7 but larger than the radiator perimeter heat exchanger 11 in its upper part. On the front and rear walls of the skirt 9, locking recesses 10 are made into which the curved ends of the latches fall into 8. To improve the intake of cold air entering through the louvered openings 28 of the rear wall 3, the edge 37 of the rear side of the umbrella 7 is cut and bent.

 Reflectors are installed inside the skirt 9, made in the form of cups 38 and 39 placed one in another, the cut-off diameter of which is equal to or greater than the diameter of the neck 26.

 The bowls 38 and 39 are fixed with the convex part down and form a closed cavity 40 between themselves.

 The lower bowl 38 is fixed on the skirt 9 motionless, and the upper 39 is removable and is held on the lower bowl 38 on the flaps 41 and the petals 42.

 To collect contaminants (scale, etc.), a pan 15 is installed in the lower part of the heater casing on the flanges of the side walls 4 and 5. For the possibility of passage of pipes 20 for supplying and discharging water and supplying gas, it is made of three parts, the length of the bearing part 21 (Fig. 2 and 3), lying at its ends on the flanges of the side walls 4 and 5 and two parts 43 and 44 symmetrically located relative to the central plane of the water heater, lying on one side on the flanges of the side walls 4 and 5, and the other connected to the supporting part by means of the petals 22, in dormant in the slot of the bearing part 21.

 For the convenience of placing the igniter 13, the shortened tube 36 of the burner 12 is located with a gap 46 relative to the front wall 2 of the casing.

 The operation of the water heater is automatic, turning on and off the gas burner 12 is carried out both by a gas tap and a tap by means of handles 18.

 The operation of the water heater is as follows.

 Before turning on the water heater, it must be connected to the water supply network, the gas supply source and make sure that there is draft in the chimney, and then by turning the left knob 18 to supply gas to the igniter 13 and set fire to it through the hole 24 in the front wall 2 of the casing.

 Then turn on the water tap and slowly turn the right handle 18 to supply gas to the burner 12 and set the burner flame so that the desired temperature of the water leaving the water heater is set. Water temperature is also regulated by changing its flow rate.

 When the water heater is turned on to the operating mode, the following processes occur in it.

 The gas supplied to the burner 12 and ignited by the igniter 13 burns out in the chamber of the heat exchanger 11 as a result of oxidation by oxygen in the air entering the burner 12 from below due to the shortening of the back wall and through the passages in the pan 15, slots 17 and hole 24.

 When this part of the air rises directly from below to the tubes of the burner 12, and part of it due to the ejector effect of the incoming gas is sucked into the base of the burner 12 through the diaphragm 45 (figure 1) to create a gas-air mixture. By turning this diaphragm, the quality of the flame is regulated.

 When gas is burned, a large amount of heat is generated, part of which in the heat exchanger 11 is transferred to the water entering and leaving the heat exchanger tubes.

 The products of gas combustion, leaving the heat exchanger 11, through its radiator in the upper part fall under the skirt 9 of the exhaust device. Here, due to traction, air is sucked in through the side passages between the heat exchanger 11 and the skirt 9. This air enters through the shutters 25 on the side walls 4 and 5 of the heater casing partially through the vertical louver openings 28 in the rear wall 3 of the casing. The air to these holes enters through a channel formed by the rear wall 3 and the suspension wall due to the U-shaped shape of the wall 3.

Due to the mixing of cold oxygen-rich air with the products of combustion, their oxidation and afterburning of the gas occur (oxides of CO, NO and others go into harmless compounds of CO ₂ , NO ₂ , etc.). In this case, the combustion products are also partially cooled.

 The lower bowl 38 of the exhaust device, the combustion products deviate to the side walls of the skirt 9 and through the passages in it go under the umbrella 7. Here, due to air flow through the louvre holes 25 and 28 in the side 4 and 5 and the rear 3 walls, the final oxidation of the combustion products and subsequent their cooling, and then their discharge through the neck 26 into the chimney and further into the atmosphere. The intake of air under the umbrella 7 occurs both due to the lateral transitions between the skirt 9 and the umbrella 7, and due to the shortening and bending of the rear edge 37 of the umbrella 7.

 Thanks to this air supply system for gas oxidation and cooling of combustion products, the efficiency of the burner increases significantly and the temperature of the walls of the casing of the water heater and combustion products in the chimney decreases, which reduces the fire hazard of the water heater and increases its efficiency.

 In addition, due to the design of the exhaust device and the use of two bowls 38 and 39 as a reflector in it, fixed one in the other with the convex part down to form a closed cavity 40 between them, the possibility of condensation and soot formation is reduced, as well as condensate collection and dirt falling out of the chimney.

The presence of these and other distinctive features of a water heater will lead to an increase in its environmental properties, and its use will allow:
reduce the content of CO, NO, etc. in the combustion products.

to simplify the assembly during production and improve the conditions for its maintenance during operation;
to ensure the collection of scale and soot and prevent them falling to the floor;
reduce the heating temperature of the chimney casing and thereby reduce fire safety;
increase efficiency and heat production;
increase comfort and more rationally use the thermal power of the gas burner when heating water.

 According to the invention, the design documentation of VGPBZ was developed. 00.000, a pilot batch was made and laboratory and acceptance tests were carried out.

 As the test results showed, the developed water heater meets all the requirements of GOST 19910-74 (standard CEV 4220-83), and in some respects exceeds them.

 So, the sound power level of a running water heater is 30 Dts (according to GOST no more than 60).

The temperature of the combustion products exiting the heat exchanger when the rated output is 160 ^{° C} (GOST not less than 110 ° ^C).

 The carbon monoxide content in the combustion products is 0.0033% (according to GOST no more than 0.05%).

The heating temperature of the casing is not more than 20 ^° C (according to GOST no more than 60 ^° C). Heating time 0.43 min (according to GOST no more than 1 min).

 The water heater passed acceptance tests and is recommended by the interagency commission for mass production.

 At present, preparations are underway for its serial production at the Stamp Tula Machine-Building Plant.

Claims (2)

 1. A GAS FLOWING DOMESTIC WATER HEATER, comprising a casing having rear, front and side walls, water supply and exhaust pipes, a gas supply channel, a tap valve, a gas burner with horizontal tubes and an igniter, a heat exchanger connected to an exhaust device for removing gas combustion products , as well as an automation system, characterized in that the side walls of the casing in the connection area of the heat exchanger with the exhaust device have horizontal louvres, as well as longitudinal side flanges and a central longitudinal The second V-shaped rib is equipped with brackets for mounting the heat exchanger and exhaust device located along its height, the latter having two tiers, the upper of which is made in the form of a rectangular umbrella with a neck and spring latches at the bottom on the front and back sides and is located at the top the casing, and the lower tier is made in the form of a rectangular skirt smaller than the umbrella, the size covering the upper part of the heat exchanger, forming with the umbrella side channels of cold air passage and equipped with clamps, contact latching, with a reflector installed inside the skirt, made in the form of bowls directed convex down and concentrically placed one into the other with the formation of a closed cavity, which is equipped with spring petals on the cut, and the casing walls in its lower part are made with flanges, which placed a pallet made of three parts interconnected by means of the petals included in the slots.  2. The water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the tubes of the burner is shortened and is located with a gap relative to the front wall of the casing, and the igniter has two tubular branches of different lengths, the ends of which are placed coaxially one above the other, the upper end of the igniter plugged, made with side holes and placed in the aforementioned gap between the shortened tube of the burner and the front wall of the casing, and the lower end is provided with a box-shaped screen and a thermo-bimetallic plate regulating the gas supply.

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