RU2040971C1 - Universal fuel electrical purificator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: diesels, engines, turbines. SUBSTANCE: universal fuel purificator has electrical separator and electrical filter. Their working chambers are connected by short branch pipe with water-repelling electrode grid. Electrode grid itself is electrically insulated from branch pipe and is under induced potential from separator and electrical filter working electrodes. Capacity for separated water made in the form of cylindric tank is partitioned from working chamber of electrical separator by three branch pipes with holes. Branch pipes length and number of holes is determined taking account to prevent mixing of fuel and water in conditions of roll and pitch of ± 10 To make fuel purification of much higher degree from impurities electrode system of electrical filter is made on the form of set of dielectric and current conducting cylinders with radial holes, sizes of which in dielectric cylinders are uniformly decreasing from periphery to center. EFFECT: increased fuel purification degree. 3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the purification of fuel from water and mechanical impurities using strong electric fields.

 The closest prototype is a device in which the simultaneous cleaning of fuel from water and contaminants is carried out by a combination of electrical systems of corrugated mesh electrodes and the mechanical space between the electrodes is filled with elastic organic fiber. The main disadvantage of this device is the need for periodic replacement of this fiber when it is dirty, although it can be partially cleaned by the electric method by applying an alternating voltage of 2-5 Hz.

 The purpose of the invention is the simultaneous purification of fuel from contaminants and water, reducing operating costs, ease of maintenance.

 This is achieved using special designs of the electric separator and electrostatic precipitator, combined with their working chambers. In the electric separator, the container for collecting the separated water is separated from the working chamber with electrodes, on the one hand, and on the other, the working chamber of the electric separator is connected by a short pipeline to the working chamber of the electrostatic precipitator. Inside the pipeline there is a water-repellent metal mesh. In turn, the electrode system was built in a new way in the working chamber of the electrostatic precipitator. The precipitation electrodes are made in the form of a set of metal and dielectric cylinders with holes in the radial directions of these cylinders. It is through them that fuel passes from the periphery to the central exhaust pipe.

 Figure 1 presents the electric cleaner, General view; figure 2 is a plan view; figure 3 section BB in figure 2; figure 4 section aa in figure 1.

A universal fuel electric cleaner (Fig. 1) consists of a working chamber 1 with an electrode system, to which voltage is supplied from a high-voltage power supply 4, a connecting pipe 2 with a metal water-repellent mesh 8 (Fig. 3), a working chamber of an electrostatic precipitator 3 with an electrode system 10- 13 (figure 3), connecting pipes 5, tank 6 for receiving the separated water and a metal frame 7, fastening the working chamber of the electric cleaner and the water tank. The mixture between water tank 6 and the working chamber 1 is provided 3 Electroseparators nozzles (4) with perforated baffle nozzle 9. The length and size of the openings in the partitions are selected from the calculation to prevent mixing of water and fuel at angles ^of ± 10. Even when the water tank is completely full (which is controlled by the water cut sensor), the mirror from the separated water cannot rise higher than half of the connecting pipe.

 Fuel is cleaned from contaminants by the original design of the electrostatic precipitator 3, which is a cylindrical grounded pipe 10 (Fig. 3), inside which metal and dielectric cylinders with holes 14 are coaxially placed. The radius of the holes in the metal cylinders is assumed to be constant, and in the dielectric cylinders decreases from the periphery to to the center. The metal cylinders are alternately connected to the bipolar terminals of the high voltage power source.

 The fuel to be cleaned enters through the inlet pipe into the working chamber of the electric separator, where water is separated from the fuel using the electrode system (of any design) and applied voltage. The separated water through the holes in the lower part of the working chamber through the nozzles enters the water tank, where it accumulates.

 The fuel, purified from water, then enters the connecting pipe 2 and passes through a metal mesh. The metal grid itself is electrically isolated from the nozzle and is under the induced potential from the electrode systems of the electric separator and electrostatic precipitator, which, along with the dielectric coating of this grid, gives it water-repellent properties. Additionally, the dehydrated fuel is further processed in the working chamber of the electrostatic precipitator, where contaminants passing through holes in the cylindrical and dielectric electrodes from the periphery to the center are subjected to force. An inhomogeneous electric field is formed in the region of the metal and dielectric holes, which, acting on contaminants in the fuel, causes them to move to the electrodes and settle in the respective cells. Dielectric cylinders (gaskets) between the electrodes form the cells of pollution accumulators, and as the fuel is cleaned, the diameter of the holes in dielectric cylinders decreases. This design allows you to increase the dirt capacity of the electrostatic precipitator and provide for uniform filling of all drive cells.

qE_y

где m масса частицы;
q заряд частицы;
v скорость движения,
ε₁ и ε₂ диэлектрические проницаемости топлива и загрязнений, соответственно.The sedimentation of contaminants is caused by the interaction of the electric field generated by the electrode system with a moving charged (or neutral) pollution particle:
m

qE _y

where m is the mass of the particle;
q particle charge;
v speed of movement
ε ₁ and ε ₂ dielectric permittivities of fuel and pollution, respectively.

 The first term on the right side of the equation characterizes the interaction with a charged (metal) particle, the second with a dielectric particle.

It follows that for the effective deposition of contaminants on the electrodes, it is necessary not only to have a large field strength E _y , but it is desirable that the derivative of the effective electric field strength is also large.

При х 0, т.е. по линии электродов и отстоянии от острого края отверстия на толщину пластины d
E_y

При y ≠ 0 Е_у составляющая поля, отклоняющая частицу, будет меняться. Независимо от знака заряда частицы и его материала последняя всегда будет подвергаться силовому воздействию со стороны электродной системы и оседать (в зависимости от знака заряда) на той или иной стороне рабочих электродов.Near one working electrode, the effective electric field strength is represented by the expression
E

When x 0, i.e. along the line of electrodes and the distance from the sharp edge of the hole to the plate thickness d
E _y

For y ≠ 0 E _{y, the} field component deflecting the particle will change. Regardless of the sign of the charge of the particle and its material, the latter will always be subjected to force from the side of the electrode system and settle (depending on the sign of charge) on one or another side of the working electrodes.

 Thus, through the outlet central pipe of the electrostatic precipitator, clean fuel will already be delivered to the consumer.

 Separate elements of the inventive electric cleaner passed bench tests. Tests of the electric separator with a water-repellent mesh made it possible to reduce the water cut of the fuel from 3 to 0.03% with an electricity consumption of not more than 10 kWh / ton. Tests of a prototype electrostatic precipitator of a similar design showed that with a cleaning efficiency of 98%, the energy consumption does not exceed 0.25 kWh / t.

 Compared with traditional means of fuel cleaning, for example using centrifugal separators, the energy consumption for the proposed design of the electric cleaner is reduced by 6-10 times.

Claims (3)

 1. A UNIVERSAL FUEL ELECTRIC CLEANER, including an electric separator and an electrostatic precipitator, connected to high-voltage power sources, characterized in that the electric purifier is made in the form of a single rigid construction of the working chambers of the electric separator and the electrostatic precipitator, interconnected by a pipe with at least one water-repellent electrode grid, potential from electrode systems of an electrostatic precipitator and an electric separator. 2. The electric cleaner according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric separator is made in the form of two cylinders mounted on a common rigid frame, one of which contains a working chamber with an electrode system, and the other cylinder is made in the form of a tank for receiving and collecting water, The connection between the cylinder with the working chamber and the tank was carried out by three nozzles having a cross-section with partitions with holes, the number and dimensions of which were selected from the condition of preventing mixing of fuel with water with a roll and a differential of ± 10 ^o .  3. The electric cleaner according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrode system of the electrostatic precipitator is made in the form of a set of dielectric and conductive cylinders with radial holes, the dimensions of which in dielectric cylinders are uniformly reduced from the periphery to the center.

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