RU2040035C1 - Timepiece synchronization method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: communication technique. SUBSTANCE: in order to enhance efficiency of comparison results of remote time dials method comprises before starting a cycle of transmitting time dials steps of measuring values of time delays in a transmitting and receiving equipment of first A and second B stations; determining difference of the time delay values in the transmitting and receiving equipment of the first and the second stations; at initial time moment with use of the timepiece of the first station according to a code series forming a noise super-high frequency signal with frequency f_s= f_converted and registering that signal in the same station; delaying the formed signal by the difference value of the delay in the transmitting and the receiving equipment of the first station A and converting the delayed signal to frequency f = f_converted; amplifying the converted signal by power; irradiating the amplified signal in direction to a man-made Earth satellite, being a retransmitter; receiving by a satellite-borne apparatus the signal with frequency f₁, reirradiating it to the station B with frequency f₂ and keeping phase relations over a time interval t_s; receiving the retransmitted signal in the station B. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of comparison results. 1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to communication and radar technology and can be used to compare time scales spaced over long distances.

 Known clock synchronization methods are based on comparing the time positions of the received radio signal and the local reference signal, generating the difference of these signals and correcting the time position of the reference signal (ed. St. N 917169, class G 04 C 11/02, 1980); on the emission of a radio signal at one point, its reception at another point with conversion to an intermediate frequency, followed by re-emission of the radio signal to the first point (ed. St. N 862111, CL G 04 C 11/02, 1975); on the emission of signals of time scales, the reception and re-emission of them by the locations of the compared working and exemplary watch systems (ed. St. N1163308, class G 04 G 11/02, 1984); transforming the spectrum of the received signal with harmonic frequency modulation (FM) by mixing it with the reference FM voltage, isolating the harmonic components of the converted signal and then generating an error signal (ed. St. N 824116, CL G 04 C 11/02, 1980); on the binding of the moment when the front of the pulse crosses the specified levels with the subsequent averaging of the fixed time samples (ed. St. N 690433, CL G 04 C 11/02, 1976); by comparing the phases corresponding to the received and reference signals, and adjusting the phase of the local reference signals according to the results of comparison (ed. St. N 617766, CL G 04 C 11/02, 1977); on the radiation of the marks of their own time scales at the leading and slave points, the measurement at the leading point of the time interval between the mark of their own time scale and the first accepted mark (ed. St. N 669326, CL G 04 C 11/02, 1977); on the comparison of time scales by observation using VLBI method (radio interferometry with extra-long bases) of artificial Earth satellites with on-board radio emission (Gubanov V.S. et al. Space Research. T. 18, 1980, p.632); on the comparison of time scales by exchanging pulse signals through a geostationary satellite repeater (Easton R. TIIER, 1976, v. 65, p. 34); by comparing time scales by simultaneously receiving noise-frequency microwave signals emitted from the satellite radio beacon at separated points, coherently converting the received signals to the video frequency, registering them with subsequent cross-correlation processing and determining the time delays of the arrival of the same signal at both points (Gubanov V.S. Finkelstein, A.M. Fridman, P.A., Introduction to Radio Astrometry, M. Nauka, 1983, pp. 114-119, 217).

 Of the known methods for clock synchronization, the closest to the proposed one is the method based on the use of the duplex communication method through a geostationary satellite repeater (Gubanov V.S. Finkelshtein A.M. and Fridman P.A., Introduction to Radio Astrometry. M. Nauka, 1983, p. 114-119, 217).

 The main advantage of the duplex method of communication through a geostationary satellite repeater (Fig. 1) is that it eliminates the length of the signal path. Therefore, its accuracy mainly depends on the parameters of the onboard repeater, the type of signal used, and the technique for measuring time intervals.

 In the indicated method, as a result of correlation processing of pairs of records of the same noise broadband signal, the fluctuation effects of the atmosphere are suppressed, which makes it possible to determine the time delay with an internal accuracy of 0.1 ns. In addition, in this method, in addition to the time delay, the interference frequency is automatically measured, with which the rate of change of the time delay is determined.

 The disadvantage of this method is the dependence of the measurement results on the difference of the group delays of the signal in the atmosphere along the paths of its passage to both ground points. To eliminate this effect, either an excessively long signal accumulation time is required, or special radiometric measurements of humidity in the atmosphere along these paths (Gubanov V.S. Finkelshtein A.M. Fridman P.A. Introduction to radio astrometry. M. Nauka, 1983, p. 234).

T_A-T

+

t_A-t

+

-

+(a

a^↓)+(b^↓-b↑)

cоответствующего разности шкал времени в заданный момент времени Т_о по часам пункта A, необходима совместная обработка данных, полученных на обеих станциях сличения, на пункте A, для чего данные, полученные на пункте B, должны передаваться в пункт A. Для оперативного получения результатов сличения необходима организация специального канала связи, по которому данные, полученные в пункте B, могли бы передаваться на пункт A.The second disadvantage of this method is the need for the accumulation of individual measurements over a large time interval from several hours to several days, since the difference in the clock readings can only be determined together with other parameters of the radio interferometer and the coordinates of the geostationary repeater. In this case, after completing the measurements at points A and B, the following data set should be obtained (figure 2):
values of time delays in the transmitting equipment of the first t _A and second t _B points;
values of time delays in the receiving equipment of the first τ _A and second τ _B points;
the values of the time delay of the signals in the aircraft satellite repeater t _s ;
values of the propagation time of signals from comparison points to a satellite a ↑, b ↑
the values of the propagation time of signals from the satellite to the points of comparison a ^↓ , b ^↓ ;
a set of values of the values of T _ai (T _bi ) measured during the reception of the time scale transmitted from point B (A);
a set of current time values corresponding to the measured values of T _Ai (T _Bi ). To get Δ t:
Δt

T _A -T

+

t _A -t

+

-

+ (a

a ^↓ ) + (b ^↓ -b ↑)

the corresponding difference of the time scales at a given point in time T _o according to the hours of point A, it is necessary to jointly process the data received at both comparison stations at point A, for which the data obtained at point B should be transferred to point A. To quickly obtain comparison results it is necessary to organize a special communication channel through which the data obtained in paragraph B could be transferred to paragraph A.

=Δt+t_B+b

t_s+a^↓+τ_A
Сигнал шкалы времени станции A, принятый станцией B, ретранслируется в сторону ИСЗ и пpинимается на станции A, где измеряется величина T_A2, равная:
T

=t_A+a↑+t_s+b^↓+τ_B+t_b+b↑+t_s+a^↓+τ_A
Для простоты принято, что задержки распространения сигналов в спутниковом ретрансляторе одинаковы в обоих направлениях (например, при использовании кодового разделения каналов). Невыполнение этого условия не приводит к существенному изменению результатов. Следовательно, на пункте A получены величины T_A1 и T_A2. Тогда
T

-2T

= -2Δt+(t_A-t_B)+(a↑-a^↓)+(b^↓-b↑)+(τ

и разность шкал времени Δt может быть вычислена:
Δt

2T

-T

+

t_A-t

+(a↑-a^↓)+(b^↓-b↑)+(τ_B-τ_A)

Релятивистская поправка здесь не учитывалась.However, it is possible to modify the duplex method for synchronizing remote time scales, which allows calculating the difference in time scales without using an additional data transmission channel, which significantly increases the efficiency of obtaining comparison results. In this case, two stations A and B are also used, each of which has its own time scale (Fig. 3). At time T _about on the scales of both points the exchange of time signals. At station A, the signal transmitted by station B is received, and vice versa. The signal received at station A is relayed and measured
T

= Δt + t _B + b

t _s + a ^↓ + τ _A
The time scale signal of station A, received by station B, is relayed to the satellite and is received at station A, where T _A2 is measured, equal to:
T

= t _A + a ↑ + t _s + b ^↓ + τ _B + t _b + b ↑ + t _s + a ^↓ + τ _A
For simplicity, it is assumed that the propagation delays in a satellite repeater are the same in both directions (for example, when using code division multiplexing). Failure to do so does not lead to a significant change in the results. Therefore, at item A, the quantities T _A1 and T _{A2 are} obtained. Then
T

-2T

= -2Δt + (t _A -t _B ) + (a ↑ -a ^↓ ) + (b ^↓ -b ↑) + (τ

and the difference of the time scales Δt can be calculated:
Δt

2T

-T

+

t _A -t

+ (a ↑ -a ^↓ ) + (b ^↓ -b ↑) + (τ _B -τ _A )

The relativistic correction was not taken into account here.

Thus, when measuring T _A1 and T _A2 at one point, you can get the same result as when measuring T _A and T _B at two points. As a result, there is no need to transmit the values of the values of T _B and, therefore, create a special communication channel.

=(τ_A-t_A)+r_A+a↑+t

+b

+τ_B+(t_B-τ_B)+t_b+b↑+t_s+a^↓+τ_A
Следовательно, вычитая из T_A2 ^x удвоенную величину T_A1, получим:
T

-2T

= -2Δt+(a↑-a

)+(b

-b↑)
Учитывая, что разница ионосферных задеpжек в рассматриваемом случае пренебрежимо мала, получаем для разности шкал времени Δt:
Δ t 0,5 (2T_A1 T_A2 ^x).However, for calculating the value Δt is necessary to transmit information on the point A on the values of t _B and τ _B. This is much simpler than transmitting a large number of T _A and T _B values, since the measurement of time delays in the transmitting and receiving equipment can be carried out once immediately before the measurement and can be easily done using voice messages over the phone or using a teletype. In order to get rid of the need to transfer the values of t _B and τ _B to point A, they must be measured before starting the time scale transmission and relay signal received from station A, be made at point B with a delay equal to τ ₂ t _B τ _B. This is possible when the indicated value is positive; otherwise, a precisely calibrated delay can be introduced into the transmitting path of station B to make the value positive. Similarly, at station A, it is necessary to introduce a delay of τ ₁ τ _A t _A , which should also be positive. Then, instead of the value of T _A2 at point A, the value of T _A2 ^x equal to
T

= (τ _A -t _A ) + r _A + a ↑ + t

+ b

+ τ _B + (t _B -τ _B ) + t _b + b ↑ + t _s + a ^↓ + τ _A
Therefore, subtracting from T _A2 ^x twice the value of T _A1 , we get:
T

-2T

= -2Δt + (a ↑ -a

) + (b

-b ↑)
Given that the difference in ionospheric delays in the case under consideration is negligible, we obtain for the difference of time scales Δt:
Δ t 0.5 (2T _A1 T _A2 ^x ).

 Therefore, it is possible to calculate the difference in time scales of points A and B at one of these points (in this case, at point A) without resorting to transferring the measured values from one point to another via any communication channel.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of obtaining the results of comparison of remote time scales.

The goal is achieved by the fact that before the start of the time scale transmission session, the values of time delays in the transmitting and receiving equipment of the first and second points are measured, the differences in the values of the time delays in the transmitting and receiving equipment of the indicated points are determined, and then at the initial time t ₁ according to the hours of the first point using a code sequence generate a noise microwave signal, relay it at the same point, the generated signal is delayed in time by the amount of the difference in the values of time delays in the transmission to the first and second receivers, the delayed signal is converted to a frequency f ₁ = f _pr1 , the converted signal is amplified by power, the amplified signal is emitted in the direction to the satellite, the signal is received on board the satellite from the satellite repeater at frequency f ₁ , re-emitted to the second point at a frequency f ₂ while maintaining phase relationships, receive the relay signal at the second point, relay the received signal with a delay equal to the difference in the values of time delays in the transmitting and receiving equipment of the second kta, they receive a signal at frequency f ₁ onboard the satellite repeater equipment, re-emit it to the first point at frequency f ₂ while maintaining phase relationships, receive the relay signal at the first point, relay it at the same point at time t ₃ , at the same the initial time t ₁ by the clock of the second point using the same code sequence form the same noise microwave signal, the generated signal is converted to frequency f ₁ , amplify it by power, emit an amplified signal in the direction of the satellite relay the emitter, they receive the signal at the frequency f ₁ onboard the satellite repeater equipment, re-emit it to the first point at frequency f ₂ while maintaining phase relationships, receive the relay signal at the first point and relay it at the same point at time t ₂ .

 In FIG. 1 shows a geometric arrangement of ground points A, B and the satellite A repeater S, where the following notation is introduced: O the center of mass of the Earth; d base of the interferometer; r satellite radius vector; figure 2 and 3 are time diagrams of the duplex method of comparing hours according to the prototype method and the proposed method, respectively, where the following notation is introduced: S, A, B of the satellite’s repeater time scale, points A and B, respectively; figure 4 presents a structural diagram of a device that implements the proposed method for clock synchronization; 5 is a frequency diagram explaining a frequency conversion process of a clock signal.

 Clock synchronization by the proposed method is as follows.

Before the start of the time scale transmission session, the values of time delays in the transmitting and receiving equipment of the first A and second B points (t _A , τ _A, t _B , τ _B ) are measured;
determine the difference in the values of time delays in the transmitting and receiving equipment of the first and second points (τ ₁ τ _A -t _A , τ ₂ t _b - τ _b );
at the initial time t ₁ ^A, according to the clock of the first point, a noise microwave signal is generated using a code sequence at a frequency f _with f _pr1 ; register it at the same point (signal α ₁ ).

The generated signal is delayed in time by the magnitude of the difference in the values of time delays in the transmitting and receiving equipment of the first point A (τ ₁ τ _A -t _A ); the delayed signal is converted to a frequency f ₁ f _CR2 ; amplify the converted signal in power; emit an amplified signal in the direction of the satellite repeater;
Receive on-board equipment of the satellite repeater signal at a frequency f ₁ ; re-emit it to point B at a frequency f ₂ while maintaining phase relationships in the interval t _s ; receive the relay signal in point B.

Relay the received signal with a delay equal to the difference in the values of the time delays in the transmitting and receiving equipment of the second point B (τ ₂ t _B τ _B ); receive on-board equipment of the satellite repeater signal at a frequency f ₁ ; re-emit it to point A at a frequency f ₂ while maintaining phase relationships in the interval t _c ; receive the relay signal in paragraph A; amplify the received signal in power; convert the amplified signal to a frequency f _c f _pr1 ; register it at the same point at time f ₃ ^A (signal α ₃ ).

At the same initial moment of time (t ₁ ^A t ₁ ^B ), the same noise microwave signal is generated using the same code sequence using the clock of the second point B; the generated signal is converted to a frequency f ₁ ; reinforce it in power; emit an amplified signal in the direction of the satellite repeater; receive on-board equipment of the satellite repeater signal at a frequency f ₁ ; re-emit it to point A at a frequency f ₂₂ while maintaining phase relationships in the interval t _c .

Receive the relay signal at point A; amplify the received signal in power; convert the received signal to a frequency f _with f _{CR pr1} ; relay it on the same point at time t ₂ ^A (signal α ₂ ).

=α₁⊗ α₂=t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{\text{2}}$ -t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{\text{1}}$ =Δt+t_B+b↑+t_s+a^↓+τ_A
T

=α₁⊗ α₂=t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{\text{3}}$ -t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{\text{1}}$ =(τ_A-t_A)+τ_A+a↑+t_s+b^↓+τ_B+(t_B-τ_B)+t_B+b↑+t

+a^↓+τ_A по их значению вычисляют разность шкал времени
Δt 0,5 (2T_A1 T_A2 ^* ).The correlation processing of the registered signals at point A determines the following time intervals;
T

= α ₁ ⊗ α ₂ = t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{\text{2}}$ -t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{}$$\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{}{\text{1}}$ = Δt + t _B + b ↑ + t _s + a ^↓ + τ _A
T

= α ₁ ⊗ α ₂ = t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{\text{3}}$ -t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{}$$\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{}{\text{1}}$ = (τ _A -t _A ) + τ _A + a ↑ + t _s + b ^↓ + τ _B + (t _B -τ _B ) + t _B + b ↑ + t

+ a ^↓ + τ _A from their value calculate the difference of time scales
Δt 0.5 (2T _A1 T _A2 ^* ).

 The structural diagram of a device that implements the proposed method for clock synchronization is presented in figure 4, where the following notation is introduced: 1.21 frequency and time standards; 2, 3, 22, 23 local oscillators; 4, 24 pseudo noise signal generators; 5, 17, 25, 37 switches; 6, 26 adjustable delay blocks; 7, 15. 27, 35 mixers; 8, 28 amplifiers of the second intermediate frequency; 9, 14, 29, 34 power amplifiers; 10, 30 duplexers; 22, 31 transceiver antennas; 12, 18, 31, 38 clippers; 13, 19, 33, 39 memory blocks; 16, 36 amplifiers of the first intermediate frequency; 20, 40 blocks of correlation processing.

The device operates as follows. At the initial time t ₁ ^{A, the} switches 5 and 17 are set to the first (I) position, and the switches 25 and 37 to the second (II) position. At the same time, the clock of the first point A using the code sequence and standard 1 frequency and time in the generator 4 is formed of a microwave signal at a frequency f _with f _CR1 . The generated signal is delayed in time by the value of τ ₁ τ _A t _A in the adjustable delay unit 6, is converted in frequency using the local oscillator 2, mixer 7 and amplifier 8 of the second intermediate frequency
f ₁ f _CR2 f _c f _g1 , where f _{g1 the} frequency of the local oscillator 2.

The converted signal at a frequency f _{1 is} amplified in the power amplifier 9 and is radiated through the duplexer 10 and the antenna 11 in the direction of the satellite repeater. At the same time, the same signal is clipped in the clipper 12 with a clock frequency of the same frequency and time standard 1 and recorded in the buffer memory 13 (signal α ₁ ). Registration is synchronized with standard 1 frequency and time. At the same initial moment of time (t ₁ ^A t ₁ ^B ) according to the clock of the second point B using the same code sequence in the generator 24, a microwave signal is generated at a frequency f _s , which is converted using a local oscillator 22, a mixer 27 and an amplifier 28 of the second intermediate frequency to frequency
f ₁ f _pr2 f _c + f _g1, where f _g1 is the local oscillator frequency 22.

The converted signal at a frequency f _{1 is} amplified in the power amplifier 29 and is radiated through the duplexer 30 and the antenna 31 in the direction of the satellite repeater. After that, the switch 25 is transferred to the third (III) position, in which the output of the amplifier 36 of the first intermediate frequency is connected to the input of the adjustable delay unit 26 through the switches 25 (III) and 37 (II).

The specified signal at a frequency f _{1 is} received by the on-board equipment of the MCH repeater, is converted to a frequency f ₂
f ₂ f ₁ f _g , where f _{g is the} frequency of the local oscillator local satellite transmitter (f _g f _s ), and is reradiated to point A with the phase relations preserved. The relay signal at a frequency f _{2 is} received by the antenna 11, amplified in a power amplifier 14 and converted to a frequency f _c :
f _c f _pr1 f _r2 f _2, where f _r2 frequency oscillator 3 by 3 local oscillator, mixer 15 and amplifier 16 of the first intermediate frequency. The specified signal is clipped in the clipper 18 and recorded in the buffer memory 19 (signal α ₂ ). Registration is synchronized with standard 1 frequency and time.

The signal emitted by antenna 11 at a frequency f _{1 is} received by the onboard equipment of the satellite repeater, is converted to a frequency f ₂
f ₂ f ₁ f _g , where f _g is the local oscillator local oscillator frequency (f _g f _s ), and is reradiated to point B while maintaining the phase relationships.

The relay signal at a frequency f _{2 is} received by the antenna 31, amplified in a power amplifier 34 and converted to a frequency f _c :
f _c f _pr1 f _r2 f _2, where f _r2 frequency oscillator 23 by a local oscillator 23, mixer 35 and amplifier 26 of the first intermediate frequency.

The converted signal at a frequency f _s through the switches 37 (II) and 25 (III) is fed to the input of the adjustable delay unit 26, where it is delayed by τ ₂ t _B τ _b .

Then the delayed signal is converted to a frequency f ₁
f ₁ f _pr2 f _c + f _g1 using a local oscillator 22, a mixer 27 and an amplifier 28 of the second intermediate frequency. The frequency-converted signal is amplified in the power amplifier 29 and is radiated through the deplexor 30 and the antenna 31 in the direction of the satellite repeater. The specified signal at a frequency f _{1 is} received by the on-board equipment of the satellite repeater, is converted to a frequency f ₂
f ₂ f ₁ f _gr and is reradiated to point A while maintaining phase relationships.

=α₁⊗ α₂=t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{\text{2}}$ -t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{\text{1}}$ =Δt+t_B+b↑+t_s+a^↓+τ_A
T

=α₁⊗ α₂=t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{\text{3}}$ -t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{\text{1}}$ =(τ_A-t_A)+τ_A+a↑+t_s+b^↓+τ_B+(t_B-τ_B)+t_B+b↑+t

+a^↓+τ_A С помощью арифметического блока вычисляется разность шкал времени
Δt 0,5 (2T_A1 T_A2 ^* ).The relay signal at a frequency f _{2 is} received by antenna 11, amplified in a power amplifier 14, and converted to a frequency f _s
f _c f _pr1 f _r2 f ₂ with the local oscillator 3, the mixer 15 and the amplifier 16 of the first intermediate frequency. The specified signal is clipped in clipper 16 and recorded in the memory unit 19 (signal α ₃ ). Registration is synchronized with standard 1 frequency and time. Then, the recorded signals α ₁ α ₂ and α ₃ are subjected to correlation processing in block 2 of the correlation processing, which includes a correlator and an arithmetic block. Using the correlator, time intervals are determined:
T

= α ₁ ⊗ α ₂ = t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{\text{2}}$ -t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{}$$\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{}{\text{1}}$ = Δt + t _B + b ↑ + t _s + a ^↓ + τ _A
T

= α ₁ ⊗ α ₂ = t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{\text{3}}$ -t $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{A}}{}$$\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{}{\text{1}}$ = (τ _A -t _A ) + τ _A + a ↑ + t _s + b ^↓ + τ _B + (t _B -τ _B ) + t _B + b ↑ + t

+ a ^↓ + τ _A Using the arithmetic block, the difference of the time scales is calculated
Δt 0.5 (2T _A1 T _A2 ^* ).

 The operation of the device described above corresponds to the case when the difference of the time scales Δt is determined at station A, i.e. it is the master, and station B is the slave.

 If the difference of the time scales Δt is determined at station B. i.e. it is the leader, then the device operates in a similar way. In this case, the switches 25 and 37 are set to the first (I) position, and the switches 5 and 17 to the second (II) position.

Thus, the proposed method for clock synchronization in comparison with the basic method allows you to quickly determine the difference of the time scales Δt without using a special communication channel for transmitting measurement results from one point of comparison to another. At the same time, some simplification of the measurement procedure and a reduction in the number of necessary equipment are achieved. This is explained by the fact that when using the traditional duplex method at points A and B, in addition to registering the quantities T _A and T _B, it is also necessary to register the times at which these values were obtained. Otherwise, it becomes impossible to jointly process these values due to the inability to introduce a correspondence in the measurement time.

When using the proposed method, the need to register the indicated time points disappears, since the values of T _A1 and T _A2 ^* are measured at the same point. This makes it possible to exclude current time meters from the measurement scheme and simplify the docking of the system for automatically recording measurement results with measuring equipment, as well as simplify the procedure for processing the results.

 However, the introduction of a relay relay signal leads to some increase in error.

где σ- среднеквадратическое отклонение ошибки измерения времени прихода синхронизирующего сигнала на одном пункте.For a conventional duplex method, the standard deviation of the measurement error of the value of T _A T _B is

where σ is the standard deviation of the measurement error of the time of arrival of the synchronizing signal at one point.

Тогда точность измерения величины (2Т_A1 Т_A2 ^*) cоставит

Таким образом, использование предлагаемого способа синхронизации часов увеличивает СКО ошибки измеряемой величины в

/

, т.е. в 1,2 раза. В настоящее время, когда достигнута величина σ (0,5 нс и менее) много меньшая, чем систематическая ошибка сличения, такое увеличение случайной ошибки не имеет существенного значения.For the proposed method, the accuracy of the measurement of the value of T _A1 will also be equal to σ-, and the accuracy of the measurement of the value of T _A2 will be

Then the accuracy of measuring the quantity (2T _A1 T _A2 ^* ) will be

Thus, the use of the proposed method of clock synchronization increases the standard deviation of the measured error in

/

, i.e. 1.2 times. At present, when the value of σ (0.5 ns or less) is achieved much less than the systematic error of comparison, such an increase in random error is not significant.

 To implement the proposed method for clock synchronization, it is necessary to use high-precision variable delay lines. Currently, the implementation of such delay lines is not difficult (for example, a delay line with an accuracy of 1 ns delay change is used in the Ch7-37 synchronometer), there are delay lines with a tuning step of about 10 ns abroad. When using delay lines with programmed control (for example, controlled by a computer), the measurement and calculation system can be fully automated.

Claims (1)

CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION METHOD based on the reception of noise microwave signals from an artificial Earth satellite by spaced ground stations, their coherent conversion to a video frequency, digital recording of received signals and determining the time delay of the arrival of the same signal to synchronization points by correlation processing of recorded signals the value of which the time scales are compared, characterized in that before the start of the time scale transmission session, the values of time delays in Pass the and receiving apparatus of the first and second points, determine the difference time delay values at the transmitting and receiving apparatus of said points, and then the initial time t ₁ to the clock of the first item using the code sequence formed noise microwave signal, record it on the same paragraph , the generated signal is delayed in time by the amount of the difference in the values of time delays in the transmitting and receiving equipment of the first item, the delayed signal is converted to a frequency f ₁ f _{p p . 2} , amplify the converted signal in power, emit the amplified signal in the direction to the artificial Earth satellite relay, receive the signal at the frequency f ₁ onboard equipment of the artificial Earth satellite relay, re-emit it to the second point at the frequency f ₁ while maintaining the phase relationships, receive the relay signal at the second point, relay the received signal with a delay equal to the difference in the values of time delays in the transmitting and receiving equipment of the second point, receive on-board equipment and of a focal satellite of the Earth-relay, a signal at a frequency f ₁ , re-emit it to the first point at a frequency f ₂ while maintaining phase relationships, receive a relay signal at the first point, amplify the received signal by power, convert the amplified signal to a frequency f _with f _{p p . 1} , they relay it at the same point at time t ₃ , at the same initial time t _1, according to the clock of the second point, the same noise microwave signal is generated using the same code sequence, the generated signal is converted to frequency f ₁ , amplified in terms of power, they emit an amplified signal in the direction of the artificial Earth-relay satellite, receive a signal at a frequency on-board equipment of the artificial Earth-relay satellite, re-emits it to the first point at a frequency f ₂ while maintaining phase relationships, receive the relay signal at the first point, amplify the received signal by power, convert the amplified signal to a frequency f _with f _{p p . 1} and register it at the same point at time t ₂ .

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