RU2301437C1 - Mode of comparison of time scale - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: the invention refers to the field of means of communication and signalization.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is designed for expansion of functional possibilities by way of providing remote command and control over technical conditions of a moving object and its position in the process of moving. This result is ensured due to the fact that at execution of the comparison mode of time scale based on simultaneous reception by spread posts of noisy microwave signals from the board of an artificial satellite of the Earth, the first post is placed on a moving object in quality of which a space, air maritime or ground transport vehicle can be used, and the second ground post is used in quality of the center of command and control whose coordinates are defined as a result of a high-precision geodesic survey. On the moving object the parameters defining its technical state are measured, registered and transformed into a modular code, high- frequency vibration on the frequency W_c is generated, manipulated along the phase by the modulating code, the shaped complex signal with phase manipulation is transformed by frequency with usage of the voltage of the first oscillator, the voltage of the first intermediate frequency W_if1=W_c+W_rl, where W_rl - the frequency of the first oscillator, is selected and increased by power, the increased signal is emitted in the direction to the artificial satellite of the Earth-transponder, is re-emitted into the center of management and control on the frequency W₁=W_if1=W_r2, where W_r2-the frequency of the second oscillator, with conservation of phase correlations, the complex signal with phase manipulation is received in the center of command and control, is increased by power, is of the second intermediate frequency W_if2=W₁-W_rl=W_c is selected, is transformed be frequency with usage of the first oscillator, the voltage multiplied with the voltage of the second oscillator, the complex signal with phase manipulation on the frequency W_rl of the first oscillator is selected, its synchronous detection is executed with usage of the voltage of the first oscillator in quality of supporting voltage, low frequency voltage proportional to the modulating code is selected and analyzed. Similarly the transmission of discrete information from the center of command and control is executed to the mobile object. At that the complex signals with phase manipulation are emitted on the mobile object on the frequency W₁ and received on the frequency W₂ and in the center of management and control the complex signals with phase manipulation are emitted on the frequency W₂ and are received on the frequency W₁. Simultaneously GPS-signal on the frequency W₂ is received on the mobile object, increased by power, transformed on frequency with usage of the voltage of the second oscillator, the voltage of the second intermediate frequency W_if2=W_r2-W₂ is selected, multiplied it with the voltage of the second oscillator, GPS signal is selected on the frequency W_r1 of the first oscillator, its synchronous detection is executed with usage of the frequency W_r1 of the first oscillator, the frequency voltage is selected, used for definition of the position of the mobile object and information about the position of the mobile object is transmitted to the center of command and control, in case of conformity of all measured parameters of conditionally normal operation of the mobile object, and the position of the mobile object-to the planned position, the transmission of discrete information from the board of the mobile object into the ground center of command and control is executed with given periodicity, if at least one of the measured parameter of the exceeds the prescribed level or the position of the mobile object deviates from the planned position the period between transmissions is reduced. At that at emergency situation the discrete information is transmitted from the board of the mobile object continuously, at returning the controlled parameters to admissible meanings and conformity of the position of the mobile object to the planned position, the period between transmissions of discrete information is again increased.

EFFECT: expands functional possibilities of the means of communication.

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Description

The proposed method relates to the field of communications and signaling and can be used to compare time scales spaced over a long distance and placed on vehicles and ground control and monitoring center, and for remote monitoring of the technical condition of the vehicle and its location at ground control point and control.

Known methods for clock synchronization (ed. Certificate No. 591799, 614416, 970300, 1180835, 1244632, 1278800; RF patents No. 20041423, 2003157, 2040035, 2177167; BC Gubanov, A. M. Finkelshtein, P. A. Fridman. Introduction to radio astronomy. - M., 1983 and others).

Of the known methods closest to the proposed one is the "Method of clock synchronization" (patent No. 2003157, G04C 11/02, 1991), which is selected as a prototype.

This method provides a comparison of time scales spaced over a long distance, and is based on the use of the duplex method of communication through a geostationary satellite repeater.

The main advantage of the duplex communication method is that it eliminates the length of the signal path. Therefore, its accuracy mainly depends on the parameters of the onboard transponder, the type of signal used, and the technique for measuring time intervals.

The known method provides clock synchronization only between stationary ground points spaced a long distance using a geostationary satellite repeater.

However, in practice, in some cases, the task of remote monitoring from the control and monitoring center for the behavior of a moving object, the operation of its systems and the actions of the crew, as well as remote monitoring of the technical condition of a moving object and its location, arises.

At the same time, space, air, water and land vehicles can be used as moving objects.

An object of the invention is to expand the functionality of the method by remote control and monitoring the technical condition of a moving object and its location during the movement.

The problem is solved in that according to the method of clock synchronization, based on the simultaneous reception by separated points of noise microwave signals from an artificial Earth satellite (AES), coherently converting them to a video frequency, digitally recording the received signals and determining the time delay of arrival of the same signal paragraphs synchronization by correlation processing for the signals which produce the largest comparison of time scales, with the initial time t ₁ hour the first item using the code sequence formed noise microwave signal, record it on the same point, the conditioned signal is converted into a signal with a frequency ω _1, increase its power emit the amplified signal in the direction of the satellite repeater in the same time t ₁ by the clock of the second paragraph with the same code sequence form the same noise microwave signal, it is recorded in the second paragraph, taking onboard equipment satellite repeater signal at frequency ω _1, re-emit it to the first and second n nkty at frequency ω ₂ while preserving phase relationships, at an arbitrary time point t _3, the clock of the second paragraph similarly formed and retransmit noise microwave signal generated signal is converted into a signal at the frequency ω _1, increase its power emit the amplified signal in the direction of the same satellite, at the same time t ₃ according to the clock of the first point using the same code sequence form the same noise microwave signal, register it at the first point, take on-board equipment of the satellite-relay signal al at a frequency of ω ₁ and re-emit it to the first and second points at a frequency of ω ₂ while maintaining phase relationships, the first point is placed on a moving object, which is used as a space, air, water or land vehicle, and the second ground point is used as the control and monitoring center, the coordinates of which are determined as a result of precision geodetic surveying, on a moving object measure the parameters that determine its technical condition, register them and convert them into a modulating code, eneriruyut high frequency oscillation at frequency ω _s, manipulate its phase modulating code generated complex signal with the phase shift keying is converted in frequency using the first intermediate frequency voltage ω _pr1 = ω _c + ω _z1 where ω _r1 - the frequency of the first local oscillator, amplify it by power emit the amplified signal toward the satellite repeater re-emit it to the control center and the control at the frequency ω ₁ = ω = -ω _{pr1 r2} where _r2 ω - frequency of the second local oscillator, while preserving phase relationships, receiving a complex signal with phase manipulation in the control and monitoring center, amplify it in power, convert it in frequency using the first local oscillator, isolate the voltage of the second intermediate frequency ω _pr2 = ω ₁ -ω _g1 = ω _s , multiply it with the voltage of the second local oscillator, isolate a complex signal with phase manipulation at a frequency ω _{g1 of the} first local oscillator, carry out its synchronous detection using the voltage of the first local oscillator as a reference voltage, allocate a low-frequency voltage proportional to the modulating code, and analyze it, similarly transmit discrete information from the control and monitoring center to a moving object, while on the moving complex signals with phase shift keying emit at frequency ω ₂ , and in the control and monitoring center complex signals with phase shift shift emit at frequency ω ₂ and receiving at the frequency ω _1, simultaneously on the mobile object receiving GPS-signal at the frequency ω _2, increase its power, frequency-converted using a second local oscillator voltage, the second voltage is isolated interm hydrochloric _np2 frequency ω = ω _z2 -ω _2, multiplies it with the voltage of the second local oscillator emit GPS-signal at the frequency ω _r1 of the first local oscillator, its synchronous detection is performed using a frequency ω _r1 of the first local oscillator emit low-frequency voltage, is used to determine its location of the moving object and transmit information about the location of the moving object to the control and monitoring center, if all the measured parameters meet the condition for normal operation of the moving object, and the location is of a moving object — to a planned location, the transfer of discrete information from the board of the moving object to the ground control and monitoring center is carried out at a predetermined frequency, if at least one of the measured parameters of a given level is exceeded or the location of the moving object deviates from the planned location, the period between transfers is reduced, and when creating an emergency, discrete information is continuously transmitted from the board of the moving object, when the controlled parameters return to acceptable values, as well as the correspondence of the location of the moving object to the planned location, the period between the transmission of discrete information is again increased.

The geometric arrangement of the mobile software object, the ground control and monitoring center of the CCM, the GPS navigation system satellites, and the satellite repeater S is shown in Fig. 1, where the following notation is introduced: O is the center of mass of the Earth; d is the base of the interferometer; r is the radius vector of the satellite repeater placed in a geostationary orbit. A frequency diagram explaining signal conversion is depicted in FIG. 2. The block diagram of a moving software object is presented in figure 3. The structural diagram of the ground control center and control of the CMS is shown in Fig.4. Timing diagrams explaining the operation of a moving object, a ground control and monitoring center and a GPS receiver are shown in FIGS. 5, 6, 7. A timing diagram of the duplex clock comparison method is shown in FIG. 8, where the following notation is introduced: S, A, B is the time scale of the satellite repeater, the software mobile object, and the ground control and monitoring center of the CMS, respectively.

The on-board equipment of a moving object includes: 1.1 - frequency and time standard, 1.2 - first local oscillator, 1.3 - second local oscillator, 1.4 - pseudo-noise signal generator, 1.5 - switch, 1.6 - OR element, 1.7 - first mixer, 1.8 - first intermediate frequency amplifier, 1.9 - the first power amplifier, 1.10 - the duplexer, 1.11 - the transceiver antenna, 1.12 - the second power amplifier, 1.13 - the second mixer, 1.14 - the amplifier of the second intermediate frequency, 1.15, 1.16 - the first and second clippers, 1.17, 1.18 - the first and second buffer storage device, 1.19 - Zade meter rzhek and their derivatives, 1.20 - multiplier, 1.21 - bandpass filter, 1.22 - phase detector, 1.23 - on-board controller, 1.24 - master oscillator, 1.25 - phase manipulator, 26 - sensors characterizing the technical condition of the moving object, 27 - on-board recorder, 1.28 - receiving antenna, 1.29 - power amplifier, 1.30 - mixer, 1.31 - second intermediate frequency amplifier, 1.32 - multiplier, 1.33 - band-pass filter, 1.34 - phase detector.

A receiving antenna 1.28, a power amplifier 1.29, a mixer 1.30, a second intermediate frequency amplifier 1.31, a multiplier 1.32, a bandpass filter 1.33, and a phase detector 1.34 form a GPS signal receiver.

The ground control and control center contains: 2.1 - frequency and time standard, 2.2, 2.3 - first and second local oscillators, 27, 2.13 - first and second mixers, 2.4 - pseudo noise signal generator, 25 - switch, 2.6 - OR element, 28 - amplifier first intermediate frequency, 2.9, 2.12 - power amplifiers, 2.10 - duplexer, 2.11 - transceiver antenna, 2.14 - amplifier of the second intermediate frequency, 2.15, 2.16 - clippers, 2.17, 2.18 - buffer storage devices, 2.19 - delay meter and their derivative, 2.20 - multiplier, 2.21 - band-pass filter, 2.22 - phase detector, 2.23 - azemny controller, 2.24 - master oscillator, 2.25 - phase manipulator.

As a moving object use a space, air, water or land vehicle.

The proposed method of comparing time scales is implemented as follows. In the first step of single measurements at a time t ₁ ^A by the clock of a moving software object, the pseudo-noise signal α ₁ (Fig. 8), created by the generator 1.4 using the frequency and time standard 1.1, is converted using the local oscillator 1.2, mixer 1.7, and amplifier 1.8 of the first intermediate frequency signal with a frequency ω _1, is amplified by a power amplifier 1.9 and 1.10 radiate through the duplexer and a transceiver antenna in the direction 1.11 satellite repeater S. However, the same signal klippiruyut in Clipper 1.15 clocked at the same frequency standard records 1.1 and ayut in buffer memory 1.17. Registration is synchronized with frequency and time standard 1.1.

At the same time t ₁ ^A = t ₁ ^B according to the clock of the ground-based control and monitoring center of the central control center, using the same code sequence, they generate the same noise microwave signal (signal β ₁ ), register, but do not send for registration (switch 2.5 open ) Onboard equipment of the satellite repeater receives a signal at a frequency of ω ₁ (signal α ₁ ), re-emits it to a moving object and a ground control and monitoring center at a frequency of ω ₂ with preserving phase relations, receives a relay signal at both points, converts it into a signal at a video frequency register at time t ₁ ^A and t ₂ ^B, respectively (signals α ₂ , β ₂ ).

At the second step (when transmitting a signal from the control and monitoring center), switch 1.5 must be open, and switch 2.5 is closed and signal α ₃ from generator 1.4 is transmitted through clipper 1.15 to the same memory device 1.17.

At an arbitrary point in time t ₃ ^B = t ₂ ^B + Θ, the noise of the microwave signal (β ₃ signal) is similarly generated and recorded by the hours of the second point. Onboard equipment of the satellite repeater receives a signal at a frequency of ω ₁ (signal α ₃ ), re-emits it to points A and B at a frequency of ω ₂ while maintaining phase components, receives a relay signal at both points, converts it to signals at a video frequency, records at times time t ₄ ^A and t ₄ ^B, respectively (signals α ₄ and β ₄ ).

The correlation processing of two pairs of registered signals in the interval between the measurement acts in meters 1.19 and 2.19 determines the following time delays and their derivatives:

τ ₁ = β ₁ ⊗ β ₂ = t ₂ ^B -t ₁ ^B = a ₁ + b ₁ + (Δ ^AND _A + Δ ^П _B + ΔS) + Δt,

τ ₂ = α ₃ ⊗ α ₄ = t ₄ ^A -t ₃ ^A = a ₃ + b ₂ + (Δ ^AND _B + Δ ^П _A + ΔS) -Δt,

τ ₃ = α ₁ ⊗ α ₂ = t ₂ ^A -t ₁ ^A = a ₁ + a ₂ + (Δ ^AND _B + Δ ^П _A + ΔS),

τ ₄ = β ₃ ⊗ β ₄ = t ₄ ^B -t ₃ ^B = b ₂ + b ₃ + (Δ ^AND _B + Δ ^П _B + ΔS),

where F _i is the frequency of interference (i = 1, 2, 3, 4);

a _j , b _j (j> 1, 2, 3) - signal propagation time between the satellite and points A and B, respectively;

Δ ^B _A , Δ ^AND _B - signal delays in the radiating equipment of both points;

Δ ^P _A , Δ ^P _B - signal delay in the receiving and recording equipment;

ΔS - signal delay in the onboard equipment of the satellite repeater;

Δt = t _B -t _A is the desired difference in the clock readings at the same physical moment.

,

, получимPutting a _j and b _j linear functions with derivatives

,

we get

Where

Δ ′ _{A, B} , Δ ′ ′ _{A, B} - signal delays in the atmosphere at a frequency f ₁ and f _2, respectively;

ν - relativistic correction (Sagnac effect);

ω is the angular velocity of the Earth;

c is the speed of light;

D is the area of the quadrangle O′A′S′B ′, formed in the equatorial plane by the center of mass of the Earth, the projections of points A, B and the satellite repeater.

The correction γ for the mobility of the satellite repeater during a single measurement is most easily reduced to zero by the appropriate choice of the free parameter Θ:

which should be calculated at the beginning of measurements by approximate ephemeris data, and then clarified by the results of current measurements.

As for the correction δ, hardware delays, it can be found by calibration using the “zero base” method. The atmospheric correction ε is also taken into account.

In points A and B, the equipment works the same way, only the order of steps in them is the opposite. To calculate the difference of the clock readings Δt, it is enough to exchange the received digital data between the points, which can be done via ordinary telephone or telegraph communication channels. The results of the comparison are sent to the onboard 1.23 and ground 2.23 controllers.

In the process of moving a movable object, sensors 26 located in various places of the vehicle (engine compartment, housing, control system, fuel tanks, etc.) transmit information about the state of the monitored vehicle components to the on-board recorder 27, which can be made in the form tape recorders, optical media, paper, etc.

At the same time, this information is fed to the second input of the on-board controller 1.23, to the third input of which information on the location of the moving object received from the GPS signal receiver is supplied. The latter consists of a receiving antenna 1.18, a power amplifier 1.29, a mixer 1.30, the second input of which is connected to the output of the local oscillator 1.3, amplifier 1.31 of the second intermediate frequency, multiplier 1.32, the second input of which is connected to the output of the local oscillator 1.3, band-pass filter 1.33 and phase detector 1.34, the second the input of which is connected to the output of the local oscillator 1.2, and the output is connected to the third input of the on-board controller 1.23.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) includes a space segment consisting of 24 satellites, a network of ground-based monitoring stations for their operation, and a user segment — GPS receivers.

Each GPS satellite emits at a frequency of ω ₂ = 1575 MHz a special navigation signal in the form of a binary phase-manipulated (PSK) signal, phase-manipulated pseudorandom sequence with a length of 1023 characters (Fig. 7, a):

u _c (t) = U _c cos [ω ₂ t + φ _k (t) + φ ₂ ], 0≤t≤T _c ,

where φ _k (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated phase component that displays the law of phase manipulation in accordance with a pseudo-random sequence of duration N = 1023.

This signal is received by the antenna 1.28 and through the power amplifier 1.29 is fed to the first input of the mixer 1.30, the second input of which supplies the local oscillator voltage 1.3

u _g2 (t) = U _g2 cos (ω _g2 t + φ _g2 ).

At the output of the mixer 1.30, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. Amplifier 1.31 distinguishes the voltage of the second intermediate frequency (Fig.7, b)

u _CR2 (t) = U _CR2 cos [ω _CR2 t-φ _k (t) + φ _CR2 ], 0≤t≤T _c ,

Where

K ₁ - gear ratio of the mixer;

_np2 ω = ω _z2 -ω ₂ - the second intermediate frequency;

ω _CR2 = φ ₂ -φ _g2 ,

which goes to the first input of the multiplier 1.32. The second input of the latter is supplied with voltage u _{g2 (t) of the} local oscillator 1.3. At the output of the multiplier a voltage is generated (Fig. 7, c)

u ₁ (t) = U ₁ cos [ω _g1 t + φ _k (t) + φ _g1 ], 0≤t≤T _c ,

Where

K ₂ is the transmission coefficient of the multiplier;

w _{r1 r2} = ω -ω _WP2,

which is an FMN signal at a frequency ω _{g1 of the} local oscillator 1.2 and is fed to the first (information) input of the phase detector 1.34. The local oscillator voltage 1.2 is applied to the second (reference) input of the phase detector 1.34 as a reference voltage

u _g1 (t) = U _g1 cos (ω _g1 + φ _g1 ).

As a result of synchronous detection at the output of the phase detector 1.3, a low-frequency voltage is generated (Fig. 7, d)

u _n (t) = U _n cosφ _k (t),

Where

K ₃ - the transfer coefficient of the phase detector,

which goes to the third input of the on-board controller 1.23, where the location of the moving object (latitude and longitude) is determined. For this, the presence of three satellites in the radio visibility zone is sufficient. The accuracy of determining the location of a moving object is 50 ... 80 m.

One of the main methods for increasing the accuracy of determining the location of a moving object and eliminating errors associated with the introduction of selective access mode is based on the application of the principle of differential navigation measurements, known in radio navigation.

The differential mode allows you to set the coordinates of the vehicle with an accuracy of 5 m in a dynamic navigation environment and up to 2 m in static.

On-board controller 1.23, configured to program the time between radio sessions, depending on the magnitude of the parameters measured by the sensors 26. With a specified frequency (for example, 30 minutes), the received information (location, event protocol, technical condition, essence of the emergency situation, if it occurs, as well as the full trajectory of the inter-session one) is transmitted through the onboard satellite communication segment, the satellite repeater and the terrestrial satellite communication segment gap) to the ground control and control center.

To this end, the master oscillator 1.24 generates a high-frequency oscillation (Fig.5, a)

u _c1 (t) = U _c1 cos (ω t + φ _{c1 c1),} 0≤t≤T _s,

which goes to the first input of the phase manipulator 1.25. The second input of the latter is fed from the output of the on-board controller 1.23 modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig. 5, b) containing information about the technical condition of the moving object and its location. At the output of the phase manipulator 1.25, a complex QPSK signal is generated (Fig. 5, c)

u ₂ (t) = U ₂ cos [ω _c t + φ _k (t) + φ _c ], 0≤t≤T _c ,

where φ _k1 (t) = {0, π} is the manipulation component of the phase, which displays the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig. 5, b), and φ _k1 (t) = const at kτ _e <t <(k + 1) τ _e and can change stepwise at t = kτ _e , i.e. at the borders between elementary premises (K = 1, 2, ... N-1);

τ _e , N is the duration and number of chips that make up the signal of duration T _c1 (T _c1 = Nτ _e ),

which through the element OR 1.6 enters the first input of the first mixer 1.7. The second mixer 1.7 from the output of the first local oscillator 1.2 is supplied with voltage u _g1 (t). The OR 1.6 element provides the sequence of receipt at the first input of the mixer 1.7 of the pseudo-noise microwave signal from the output of the generator 1.6 and the PSK signal from the output of the phase detector 1.25. At the output of mixer 1.7, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. Amplifier 1.8 is allocated voltage only the first intermediate (total) frequency (figure 5, g)

u _CR1 (t) = U _CR1 cos [ω _CR1 t + φ _k1 (t) + φ _CR1 ], 0≤t≤T _c1 ,

Where

ω _pr1 = ω _c + ω _g1 - the first intermediate (total) frequency;

φ _pr1 = φ _s + φ _g1 ,

which after amplification in the power amplifier 1.9 through the duplexer 1.10 enters the transceiver antenna 1.11, it is broadcasted in the direction of the satellite, relayed by it at the same frequency while maintaining phase relationships, it is received by the antenna 2.11 of the ground control and control center and through the duplexer 2.10 and the power amplifier 2.12 is supplied to the first input of the mixer 2.13, the second input of which is supplied with the voltage u _u1 (t) of the local oscillator 2.3. At the output of the mixer 2.13, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. Amplifier 2.14 allocated voltage of the second intermediate (differential) frequency (Fig.5, d)

u _CR3 (t) = U _CR3 cos [ω _CR2 t + φ _k1 (t) + φ _CR3 ], 0≤t≤T _c1 ,

Where

ω _pr2 = ω _{pr1 -ω g1} - the second intermediate (difference) frequency;

φ _pr3 = φ _pr1 -φ _g1 ,

which goes to the first input of the multiplier 2.20. The voltage u _g2 (t) of the local oscillator 2.2 is supplied to the second input of the multiplier 2.20. At the output of the multiplier 2.20, a voltage is generated (Fig. 5, e)

u ₃ (t) = U ₃ cos [ω _g1 t-φ _k1 (t) + φ _g1 ], 0≤t≤T _s1 ,

Where

_d1 = ω ω _ave = ω _z2 -ω _np2 - intermediate frequency,

which is allocated by the band-pass filter 2.21 and arrives at the first (information) input of the phase detector 2.22. The voltage U _g1 (t) of the local oscillator 2.3 is supplied to the second (reference) input of the phase detector 2.22 as a reference voltage. As a result of synchronous detection at the output of the phase detector 2.22, a low-frequency voltage is generated (figure 5, g)

u _н1 (t) = U _н1 cosφ _k1 (t),

Where

which goes to the second input of the ground controller 2.23.

Based on the results of the analysis of the situation by the ground controller 2.23 at the ground control and control center, an appropriate decision is made, for example, to turn off the faulty engine, or recommendations are made to the crew on actions in case of emergency situations.

To transmit these commands in the ground controller 2.23, a modulating code M ₂ (t) is generated (Fig.6, b), which is fed to the second input of the phase manipulator 2.25. At the first input of the latter is fed a high-frequency oscillation from the output of the master oscillator 2.24 (Fig.6, a)

u _c2 (t) = U _c2 cos (ω _c t + φ _c2 ), 0≤t≤T _c2 .

At the output of the phase manipulator 2.25, a complex QPSK signal is generated (Fig.6, b)

u ₄ (t) = U ₄ cos [ω _c t + φ _ki2 (t) + φ _c2 ] 0≤t≤T _c2 ,

which through the element OR 2.6 enters the first input of the mixer 2.7. The voltage u _g2 (t) of the local oscillator 2.2 is supplied to the second input of the mixer 2.7. At the output of the mixer 2.7, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. Amplifier 2.8 allocated voltage of the intermediate frequency (Fig.6, g)

u ₅ (t) = U ₅ cos [ω _pr t-φ _k2 (t) + φ ₄ ], 0≤t≤T _c2 ,

Where

ω _CR = ω _g2 -ω _c = ω ₂ - intermediate frequency;

φ ₄ = φ _s -φ _g2 ,

which, after amplification in the power amplifier 2.9 through the duplexer 2.10, enters the transceiver antenna 2.11, is emitted by it in the direction of the artificial satellite repeater at the frequency ω ₂ , is reradiated by the onboard equipment of the artificial satellite repeater with preserving phase relations, it is received by the antenna 1.11 of the moving object and through the duplexer 1.10 and the amplifier 1.12 power is supplied to the first input of the mixer 1.13, the second input of which is supplied with the voltage u _g2 (t) of the local oscillator 1.3. At the output of the mixer 1.13, voltages of combination frequencies are formed. Amplifier 1.14 distinguishes the voltage of the second intermediate frequency (Fig.6, d)

u ₆ (t) = U ₆ cos [ω _pr2 t-φ _k2 (t) + φ ₆ ], 0≤t≤T _c2 ,

Where

_np2 ω = ω _z2 -ω ₂ - the second intermediate frequency;

φ ₆ = φ ₄ -φ _u2 ,

which goes to the first input of the multiplier 1.20. The second input of the latter is supplied with voltage u _g2 (t) of the local oscillator 1.3. At the output of the multiplier 1.20 a voltage is generated (Fig.6, e)

u ₇ (t) = U ₇ cos [ω _pr t + φ _k2 (t) + φ ₇ ] 0≤t≤T _c2 ,

Where

_straight ω = ω _z2 -ω _np2 = ω _ave - intermediate frequency;

φ ₇ = φ ₆ -φ _g2 ,

which is allocated by the band-pass filter 1.21 and arrives at the first input of the phase detector 1.22. The second (reference) input of the phase detector 1.22 is supplied with voltage u _g1 (t) as the reference voltage. As a result of synchronous detection at the output of the phase detector 1.22, a low-frequency voltage is generated (Fig.6, g)

u _n2 (t) = U _n2 cosφ _k2 (t),

Where

which goes to the fourth input of the on-board controller 1.23, where the commands and recommendations of the ground control and monitoring center are implemented.

If all the parameters measured by the sensors 26 correspond to the conditions of normal operation of the moving object, and the location of the moving object to the planned location, the transmission of discrete information from the board of the moving object to the ground control and monitoring center occurs at a predetermined frequency (for example, once every 30 minutes).

If at least one of the measured parameters of a given level is exceeded or the location of the moving object deviates from the planned location, the period between transfers is reduced.

When creating an emergency, discrete information from the board of a moving object is transmitted continuously.

The mode of transmission of discrete information by the on-board controller 1.23 can also be changed by a decision of the command staff of a moving object or by a ground control and control center.

When the controlled parameters return to acceptable values, as well as the correspondence of the location of the moving object to the planned location, the period between the transmission of discrete information will again be increased.

Thus, the proposed method of clock synchronization in comparison with the prototype provides not only the comparison of remote time scales, but also remote control and monitoring of the technical condition of the moving object and its location during the movement. This is achieved by using the duplex radio communication method using complex signals with phase shift keying.

These signals open up new possibilities in the technique of transmitting discrete information. They allow you to apply a new type of selection - structural selection. This means that there is a new opportunity to separate signals operating in the same frequency band and at the same time intervals.

Among other problems, the solution of which largely determines the further progress of radio communications, should include the problem of establishing reliable communication in channels in the presence of a multipath nature of the propagation of radio waves. The presence of the multipath nature of the propagation of radio waves leads to a distortion of the received signals, which complicates the reception and reduces the reliability of the transmission of information.

Attempts to overcome the harmful effects of multipath have been made for a long time. These include diversity reception, signal selection by time and angle of arrival, corrective coding, and some other methods. However, all of them do not provide a fundamental solution to the problem.

Due to its good correlation properties, a complex QPSK signal can be “folded” into a narrow pulse, the duration of which is inversely proportional to the used bandwidth. Choosing such a frequency band so that the duration of the “folded” pulse is less than the delay time, it is possible to separately receive pulses arriving at the receiving point in various ways, and by summing their energy, it is also possible to increase the noise immunity of complex QPSK signals. Thus, the indicated problem gets a fundamental solution.

From the point of view of detection, complex QPSK signals have high energy and structural secrecy.

The energy secrecy of these signals is due to their high compressibility in time and spectrum with optimal processing, which reduces the instantaneous radiated power. As a result, a complex QPSK signal at the receiving point may be masked by noise and interference. Moreover, the energy of a complex QPSK signal is by no means small. It is simply distributed over the time-frequency domain so that at each point in this area the signal power is less than the power of noise and interference.

The structural secrecy of complex QPSK signals is due to the wide variety of their shapes and significant ranges of parameter changes, which makes it difficult to optimize or at least quasi-optimal processing of complex QPSK signals of an a priori unknown structure in order to increase the sensitivity of the receiver.

The proposed method can be used to control the execution of flights by air and sea vehicles, to control the exercises of long-range aviation and the navy, during the flight of manned spaceships and artificial satellites of the Earth, to ensure testing of aviation and marine equipment beyond the sight of the facilities of test bases, for control over the work of inexperienced crews and worn equipment.

Using the proposed method allows you to make decisions on actions in emergency situations at the time of their occurrence, transmit recommendations on how to deal with emergency situations on board a moving object, give instructions to emergency services in the event of an emergency, give an accurate target designation for finding a vehicle that has crashed. Thus, the functionality of the method is expanded.

Claims (1)

A method of comparing time scales based on the simultaneous reception of separated microwave noise signals from an artificial Earth satellite, their coherent conversion to a video frequency, digital recording of received signals and determining the time delay of the arrival of the same signal to synchronization points by correlation processing of registered signals, the magnitude of which compares time scales, while at the initial time t ₁ according to the hours of the first item using a code sequence they generate a noise microwave signal, register it at the same point, the generated signal is converted into a signal with a frequency of ω ₁ , amplify it by power, emit an amplified signal in the direction of the artificial Earth satellite relay, at the same time t ₁ by the clock of the second using the same code sequence, the same noise microwave signal is generated, recorded at the second point, the signal at frequency ω _{1 is} received by the on-board equipment of the artificial Earth-relay satellite, it is re-emitted to the first and second pun cts at a frequency of ω ₂ with preserving the phase relationships, at an arbitrary time t ₃ according to the clock of the second point, similarly generate and relay a noise microwave signal, the generated signal is converted into a signal at a frequency of ω ₁ , amplify it by power, emit an amplified signal in the direction the same artificial Earth-relay satellite, at the same time t ₃ according to the clock of the first point using the same code sequence form the same noise microwave signal, register it at the first point, take on-board equipment oh artificial satellite of the Earth-repeater signal at a frequency of ω ₁ and re-emit it to the first and second points at a frequency of ω ₂ while maintaining phase relationships, characterized in that the first point is placed on a moving object, which is used as a space, air, water or ground a vehicle, and the second ground station is used as a control and control center, the coordinates of which are determined as a result of precision geodetic surveying, and the parameters determining it are measured on a moving object technical condition, register them and convert them into a modulating code, generate a high-frequency oscillation at a frequency ω _c , manipulate it in phase with a modulating code, generate a complex signal with phase manipulation, convert it in frequency using the voltage of the first local oscillator, isolate the voltage of the first intermediate frequency ω _pr1 = ω _c + ω _g1 , where ω _g1 is the frequency of the first local oscillator, amplify it in power, emit an amplified signal in the direction of the artificial Earth satellite relay, re-emit it to the control center Lenia and monitoring at the frequency ω ₁ = ω _pr1 = ω _r2, where ω _z2 - frequency of the second local oscillator, while preserving phase relationships, receiving a composite signal with a phase shift keying in the center of management and control, increase its power, converted by frequency using a first LO isolated voltage of the second intermediate frequency _np2 ω = ω ₁ -ω _d1 = ω _s, it is multiplied with the voltage of the second local oscillator is isolated complex signal with phase shift keying at the frequency ω _r1 of the first local oscillator, it is carried out synchronous detection with the use of voltage of the first oscillator as a reference voltage, emit a low-frequency voltage proportional to the modulating code, and analyzed similarly transmit digital data from the control center and the control on the movable object, wherein on the movable object complex signals with a phase shift keying radiate at frequency ω _1, and receive at a frequency of ω ₂ , and in the control and monitoring center complex signals with phase shift keying emit at a frequency of ω ₂ , and receive at a frequency of ω ₁ , simultaneously on a moving object e accept GPS-signal at the frequency ω _2, increase its power, frequency converted using the second voltage LO isolated voltage of the second intermediate frequency _pp2 ω = ω _z2 -ω _2, multiplies it with the voltage of the second local oscillator emit GPS-signal to frequency ω _r1 of the first local oscillator, its synchronous detection is performed using a frequency ω _r1 of the first local oscillator emit low-frequency voltage, it is used to determine the location of the mobile object and transmit information on the location n if the moving object is in the control and monitoring center, if all the measured parameters correspond to the conditionally normal operation of the moving object, and the location of the moving object is in the planned location, discrete information is transferred from the mobile object to the ground control and control center at a specified frequency, if at least one of the measured parameters of a given level or deviation from the location of the moving object from the planned location, the period between transfers They are guarded, and when an emergency is created, discrete information is continuously transmitted from the board of the moving object, when the monitored parameters return to acceptable values, as well as the location of the moving object corresponds to the planned location, the period between the transmission of discrete information is again increased.

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