RU2035845C1 - Plasma generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metal cutting and welding. SUBSTANCE: plasma generator has cathode 2, cathode holder, anode 5 in the form of nozzle, anode holder 10, insulation layer fitted to body 1, metal enclosure 7 electrically insulated from anode by high-temperature plastic material 9, channel 4 to feed plasma-forming gas and duct 12 for cooling fluid. Wire 11 of anode power supply is placed in duct for cooling fluid and is connected to anode holder 10. Enclosure of plasma generator is made of aluminium or aluminium alloy and is coated on outside and inside with nonconductive oxide film. Alumina is used for insulation of enclosure. Sealing 8 with rubber space is made on Morse taper. EFFECT: improved operational efficiency and reliability. 5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a device for creating nikotemperature plasma, namely, plasmatrons, and can be used in engineering, metalworking and other industries.

Known plasmatron containing an electrode assembly and a nozzle with insulating inserts [1]
Closest to the invention is a plasma arc torch [2]. It contains a removable metal housing forming a nozzle, a cathode and a nozzle for supplying water and air.

 A disadvantage of the known devices is that when the plasma torch body touches the metal being treated, a short circuit can occur on the body, which causes the plasma torch to fail.

 The purpose of the invention increasing the life of the plasma torch and its security.

 The goal is achieved in that in a plasmatron containing a cathode holder with a channel for coolant, a cathode with an active insert, a nozzle-shaped anode mounted coaxially with the cathode, an electrical insulator located outside and coaxially with the cathode holder, and a nozzle for supplying and draining coolant and air additionally installed anode holder placed in the cavity of the insulator coaxially with the cathode, while a removable metal is installed coaxially and with a gap relative to the electrical insulator and the side surface of the anode An electrical casing, electrically isolated from the anode by a layer of high-temperature plastic material, in the gap between the casing and the insulator that forms the channel for the coolant, there is an anode power cable connected to the anode holder.

 The plasmatron may have alumina as a high-temperature plastic insulating material. The plasma torch may have an aluminum or aluminum alloy casing. The plasma torch may have a casing, the inner and outer surfaces of which are coated with an oxide film. The plasma torch may have a rubber gasket on the Morse cone.

 The drawing shows the proposed plasmatron.

 It contains a housing 1 of insulating material, a cathode 2 installed inside the housing, an air supply channel 3, a pipe 4 for supplying a coolant, an anode 5 located coaxially with the cathode 2 to form a nozzle, a nozzle 6 for draining the coolant, a casing 7 made of aluminum alloy and mounted in the housing 1, the seal 8 on the Morse cone, a high-temperature plastic insulating material 9 located between the anode 5 and the casing 7, and the anode holder 10 with the wire 11. The casing 7 is installed along the entire length with the formation of the channel 12 for the wire about lazhdayuschey fluid associated with tube 4, the anode 5 is arranged with clearance relative to the housing 7, and a wire 11 laid on the wall of the channel 12 and sealed into the connector 6 coolant drain.

 The plasma torch works as follows.

 After a short-time supply of a high-voltage voltage between the cathode 2 and the anode 5, the gap breaks through, and the arcing arises is blown out by air onto the part being cut. If the plasma torch touches the cut part between the electrically insulated casing 7 and the electrodes 2 and 5 of the plasma torch, a leakage current through the water occurs, leading to the formation of an oxide film, which reduces the leakage current and prevents the occurrence of double arcing. In addition, when a part is cut, droplets of molten metal can fall onto the casing 7. But since its inner surface cools well, this does not lead to damage and failure of the plasma torch.

 High-temperature insulating material 9 protects the rubber seal from thermal radiation of plasma and drops of molten metal, and also prevents shorting of the casing 7 and the anode 5 when large drops of molten metal get into the gap between them. The heavily contaminated surface of the material 9 is easily removed along with the latter, and the protection of the gap between the casing 7 and the anode 5 is restored by filling the gap with a new portion of the material 9. The seal in the Morse cone serves to prevent water leakage along the cone, which increases the life of the cathode 2 by 3 6 times.

Claims (5)

 1. PLAZMOTRON, comprising a cathode holder with a channel for coolant, a cathode with an active insert, a nozzle-shaped anode mounted coaxially with the cathode, an electrical insulator located outside and coaxially with the cathode holder, and coolant supply and drain fittings, characterized in that the plasmatron additionally contains an anode holder located in the cavity of the insulator coaxially with the cathode, while a removable metal is installed coaxially and with a gap relative to the electrical insulator and the side surface of the anode a casing, electrically isolated from the anode by an interlayer made of high-temperature plastic material, and in the gap between the casing and the insulator forming the channel for the coolant, there is an anode power cable connected to the anode holder.  2. The plasma torch according to claim 1, characterized in that alumina is used as an insulating high-temperature plastic material.  3. The plasma torch according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is made of aluminum alloy or aluminum.  4. The plasma torch according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the inner and outer surfaces of the casing are coated with an oxide film.  5. The plasma torch according to claim 1, characterized in that between the cathode and the cathode holder a seal is formed on the Morse cone with a rubber gasket.