RU2027880C1 - Mobile power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power supply for regions affected by Chernolyl disaster. SUBSTANCE: mobile gas-electric power plant using wood contaminated by radio nuclides as fuel has double-stage gas generator (main stage 6 and afterburning stage 7) provided with drum-type drier 11, classifier 30 separating ash from coal, and ash containerization unit 27. Fuel is dried out in air admitted by fan 19 and heated in heat exchanger 20. Radio nuclides are carried away with air flow irrespective of their form on surfaces of fuel lumps. Radio nuclides are separated in cyclone 22 and condenser 24 together with mud and liquid from waste air and passed by means of feeder 23 to entrance in afterburning stage 7 wherein red-hot coal is supplied from classifier 30. Ash leaving afterburing stage 7 and classifier 30 goes to accumulator 28 which also admits hard fragments of generator gas trapped in cleaner 9. Clean generator gas is fed from cleaner 9 to internal-combustion engine 2 and the latter sets in rotary motion electric generator. EFFECT: provision for operation in contaminated areas. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to autonomous mobile power plants used to provide energy to human activities in the context of separation from traditional energy supply systems.

 A mobile diesel fuel oil-fired power station [1] is known, which contains an internal combustion engine and an electric generator connected to it, as well as a control unit with devices and equipment and systems that ensure functioning, including a fuel supply system and a gas exhaust system .

 However, in the regions affected by the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, in particular for Belarus, liquid fuel is becoming more and more scarce, and the energy crisis does not allow a well-known technical solution to provide energy for specialized timber industry enterprises that will carry out work on logging sites affected by radionuclides .

 Non-conventional energy sources and power plants operating on them are known, for example, mobile power plants with gas motor generators of the VNIIGaz Experimental Plant, operating from a biogas plant [2].

 However, the biogas plant itself is carried out in a stationary version due to the duration of the biochemical process in its reactor, and its use in cutting areas, where the biomass is much smaller in comparison with livestock complexes, is not advisable.

 Of the known technical solutions, the object closest to the claimed one in terms of the totality of features is “Gas Generator Set TSNIIME-18 of the Mobile Power Station PESG-12-200” [3].

 The object adopted for the prototype is essentially a mobile power plant containing a power unit with an internal combustion engine, to which an electric generator, a control unit with devices and equipment, and a fuel unit are connected, which is equipped with a gas generator with devices for preparing fuel and purifying the generator gas, all blocks installations are made with weight and size characteristics, allowing them to be transported on roads.

 However, when using the object adopted for the prototype, a significant drawback is manifested in the zones of radioactive damage, which is insufficient safety when working on fuel containing radioactive contaminants, which also complicates the use of technical solutions incorporated in the prototype to create a mobile power supply unit.

 An object of the invention is to ensure safety when working on fuel containing radioactive contaminants.

 To solve the problem in a mobile power plant containing a power unit with an internal combustion engine, to which an electric generator is connected, a control unit with devices and equipment, and a fuel block, which is equipped with a gas generator with fuel preparation and generator gas purification devices, and all installation units are weighted characteristics to transport them on the road; the fuel block is made collapsible, mounted from the transport position to the working one at the location of the dislocation, while the gas generator is made in two stages: the main stage and the afterburning stage, which are installed vertically one below the other at the location of the dislocation, and an ash containerization unit, equipped with a sealed box in which the storage tank and the container with a self-sealing lid are placed, in addition, the fuel preparation device contains a drum dryer, the output is heating about the air from which the air purification unit is installed, containing a condenser and a cyclone, the outputs of the condensate and trapped solid particles from which are connected to the entrance to the afterburning stage, and a classifier is installed at the outlet of the processed fuel from the main stage of the gas generator, the ash output from which is connected to the storage capacity of the unit ash containerization, and underburning exit - with entrance to the afterburning stage.

 In FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the installation, FIG. 2 and 3 - left and right halves of the figure in axonometric projection, explaining the features of the equipment layout.

 The mobile power plant comprises a power unit 1 with an internal combustion engine 2, to which an electric generator 3 is connected (see Figs. 1 and 2), a control unit 4 with devices and equipment (block 4 is shown only in Fig. 2, in Fig. 1 it is absent , because the above diagram does not include electrical systems and controls) and the fuel block 5 (see Fig. 2), which is equipped with a gas generator made of two stages: the main stage 6 and the afterburn stage 7. At the place of deployment these stages are installed vertically one under another, as shown in FIG. 2, and are combined by the metalwork into one unit, which, when transported, is stacked horizontally on the vehicle - semi-trailer 8. When gas generators are installed in a working position, a generator gas purification device 9 is mounted on the vacant spot of the semitrailer. It contains a system of gas-dynamic, mechanical and sorption filters, which are usually used to clean gas emissions with radioactive contaminants.

 The fuel preparation device 10 is mounted on the same semi-trailer 8 and contains (see also Fig. 1) a drum dryer 11, with a loading hopper 12. The outlet of the dryer is connected to the hopper 13 of the gas generator by noriya 14. A fan is used to supply air to the main stage 6 of the gas generator 15, on the discharge of which a heat exchanger is installed 16. Accordingly, the afterburning stage 7 is equipped with a fan 17 and a heat exchanger 18. The fan 19 is connected through a heat exchanger 20 to a drum dryer 11. At the outlet of the heating air from the drum dryer 11, n air cleaning unit 21 comprising a cyclone 22 with a feeder 23 and the condenser 24 with condensate drain 25, and are also typically used at the output of contaminated gases aerosol filter 26. The outputs from the feeder 23 and the trap 25 are connected to the input in step 7 afterburning gas generator.

 As part of the installation units, an ash containerization unit 27 is included (in Fig. 2 it is shown installed in a pit open at the installation location. During transportation, unit 27 is transported on a separate vehicle together with generator gas purification unit 9 and air purification unit 21).

 The block is made in the form of a sealed box in which a storage tank 28 and a container 29 with a self-sealing cover are placed (in Fig. 2, the container 29 is also shown removed from the block 27).

 At the outlet of the reprocessed fuel from the main stage 6 of the gas generator, a classifier of solid particles 30 is installed. The ash output from the classifier is connected to the storage capacity 28 of the ash containerization unit 27, and the under-burn output is connected to the entrance to the afterburning stage 7, the ash output from which is connected to the storage capacity 28 using the conveyor 31. A storage hopper 32 is used to receive and store the processed waste. equipped with a conveyor.

 The proposed mobile power plant operates as follows.

 After arriving at the place of deployment, the vehicles and installation units are set to the operating position, as shown in FIG. 2 and 3. In this case, the fuel block 5 is reinstalled on the semi-trailer 8 to a vertical position. A generator gas purification device 9 is removed from another vehicle and installed on a semi-trailer 8 in a vacant place, and an air purification unit 21 is installed on the roof of the fuel preparation device 10. A pit is prepared and an ash containerization unit 27 is installed there, as well as an attachment for replacing containers 29 therein. Then separate units and installation units are connected according to the circuit shown in FIG. 1, connect electrical equipment and devices to the control unit 4.

 Recycled wood waste is received from the complex of forestry machines into the storage hopper 32. The waste comes in the form of shredded wood chips, their moisture is not regulated.

 The gas generator is ignited with prepared fuel and, after entering the mode, the waste is fed to the hopper 12. In the drum dryer, the waste is dried by the air heated in the heat exchanger 20, which is supplied by the fan 19 (connecting ducts are not shown in Fig. 3 so as not to obscure the drawing). The air coming out of the dryer 11, containing a large amount of moisture, volatile resinous substances, as well as fine particulate matter and radioactive contaminants, is cleaned by passing through a cyclone 22, a condenser 24 and an aerosol filter 26. The cleaned air is discharged into the atmosphere, and the collected sludge using a feeder 23, mixing liquid to them from the steam trap 25, is sent to the entrance to the afterburn stage 7 of the gas generator. Since radioactive contamination is mainly on the surface of the waste, a significant part of the radionuclides gets into the afterburning stage 7 through the air purification unit 21, bypassing the main stage 6 of the gas generator, in which the bulk of the generator gas is produced (over 85%).

 The fuel prepared in the dryer 11 using the elevator 14 is fed into the hopper 13, from where the fuel enters the shaft of the main stage 6 of the gas generator. Air blast in the working area of the main stage is served by a fan 15, heating it in a heat exchanger 16, heated by the generating gas generated by the main stage.

 At the output of the solid residue from the main stage 6, a classifier 30 is installed, in which the ash is separated from unburned coals. The ash is dumped into the storage tank 28 of the ash containerization unit 27, and the coal is fed to the entrance to the afterburning stage 7.

 Due to the fact that in the fuel block 5 the main stage 6 and the afterburning stage 7 are installed vertically one under the other, the classifier 30 with a drive is easily assembled between these stages (see Fig. 2) and additionally performs the function of a rotating milling grill for the main stage, obstructing arch formation in it.

 As already mentioned, a mixture of liquid and sludge from the apparatuses 23, 25 of the air purification unit 21 also enters the afterburn stage 7. By mixing with hot coals coming from classifier 30, the sludge and organic compounds are completely processed to oxides, and water evaporates in the reactions recovery and improves the quality of the generator gas in the afterburn stage 7. Air blast is supplied to this stage by a fan 17 with heating in the heat exchanger 18, and the ash is sent via the conveyor 31 to the accumulation tank 28. From the tank 28, the ash Periodically discharged into the container 29 with a self-sealing lid which is detached, is removed from unit 27 and sent to conditioning (cementation or vitrification) and disposal. Since the main quantity of radionuclides contained in the initial fuel enters the container 29, all manipulations with the container are carried out remotely using devices.

 Received in the main stage 6 and stage 7, the generator gas is sent to the generator gas purification device 9, having previously used its heat to heat the air in the heat exchangers 16, 18 and 20. The generator gas is purified in a known manner using a system of gas-dynamic, mechanical and sorption filters, this captured solid particles are sent to the storage tank 28.

 The purified generator gas is piped to the power unit 1 (see also Fig. 2), where it burns out in the engine 2, causing the electric generator 3 to rotate.

 A compressor station can also be installed in the power unit (or on a separate vehicle) for charging gas cylinders with purified generator gas.

 Thus, in comparison with the prototype, the installation while working on fuel containing radioactive contaminants provides clean products in the form of electricity or gas for domestic needs and at the same time all safety requirements for the performance of radioactive waste reprocessing are fulfilled.

 The economic effect of using the invention can be determined after its implementation on an industrial scale. Currently, design and experimental work is underway to create a prototype of the installation.

Claims (3)

 1. MOBILE POWER INSTALLATION, comprising a power unit with an internal combustion engine and an electric generator, a control unit with devices and equipment, and a fuel unit equipped with a gas generator with devices for preparing fuel and purifying gas-generating gas, the weight and size characteristics of all units being made for transportation, characterized in that that the fuel block is made collapsible with the possibility of mounting from the transport position to the working one at the place of deployment, while the gas generator It is made two-stage in the form of the main stage and the afterburning stage, installed vertically one below the other at the location of the dislocation, and the ash containment unit, equipped with a sealed box, in which the storage tank and the container with a self-sealing lid are placed, is also included in the installation blocks.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel preparation device comprises a drum dryer, at the outlet of the heating air from which an air purification unit is installed, comprising a condenser and a cyclone, the output of condensate and trapped solid particles from which is connected to the entrance to the afterburn stage.  3. Installation according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that a classifier is installed at the outlet of the reprocessed fuel from the main stage of the gasifier, the ash output from which is connected to the storage capacity of the ash containerization unit, and the underburning exit is connected to the afterburning stage.

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